فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال ششم شماره 4 (زمستان 1390)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1390/10/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Bayat M., Nejadsatari T., Tajadod G., Mehregan I Page 1
    Hypericum dogonbadanicum (Hypericaceae) is a narrow endemic species in SW Iran. It is a shrub like species, lives in rocky clifts, and is morphologically distinct from other Iranian species of Hypericum. In order to investigate the anatomical aspects of vegetative organs, leaves and stems were cut manually and studied using light microscopy. Reproductive aspects were studied using microtome cutting and Hematoxylin-Eusin dyeing.Leaves were dorsiventral with an epidermis layer containing sclerids, palisade parenchyma below the epidermis layers, and spongy parenchyma tissue containing calcium oxalate crystals in the middle. Calcium oxalate crystals were also observed in the stems. Secretory channels were present in the phloem. Reproductive meristems at the end of stems were larger than vegetative meristems. Our results also showed that staminal development is an earlier stage in comparison with ovary development.
    Keywords: Anatomical Vegetative, Reproductive Organs, Hypericum Dogonbadanicum Assadi
  • Ghorbanlim., Farzamisepehr, Shekarkar, N Page 13
    Manganese as an essential element for plant that ia playing a critical role in many physiological and biochemical processes and in high concentrations is toxic for plants. Plants were cultured in a growth chamber for4 weeks in Hoagland solution and treated with different concentrations of Mn (0 as control, 100,200, 400) μΜ Manganese and pH (5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7). Data analyzed by Spss Ver(14) software and comparison between results were done with Duncan Multiple Range Test. Based on the results, the growth parameters increased with increasing of Mn in cultured media but these parameters severely decreased in highest amount of Mn in Medium.Based on the results, the growth parameters increased with increasing of Mn in cultured media but these parameters severely decreased in highest amount of Mn in Medium.In high concentrations of Mn, chlorophyll a and b contents decreased. Anthocyanin levels with increasing Mn concentration in pH 5.4 in shoots increased. The beta-carotene in the shoots and roots increased with increasing Mn concentration at different pH. Determination of Mn in different tissues showed increasing of accumulation of Mn in treated plants. Spss data analysis software and comparison with Duncan Multiple Range Test was performed in each of the three replicates.
    Keywords: Manganese, Brassica oleracea, chlorophyll a, b, anthocyanin, carotene, phytoremediation
  • Nasehi M., Rahmani Nia F., Nasehi M., Mirzaee B., Zarindast M. R Page 25
    Introduction
    Scopolamine is among the secondary metabolites of plants from Solanaceae (nightshade) family of plants. Some reports have postulated that several kinds of exercise play a critical role in modulation of cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. Exercise is suggested to improve learning and memorydeficits in Alzheimer's disease and to reduce the anxietylike behaviors in stress conditions. The actual mechanism(s) for the effects seen with these interventions are not yet completely clear. Thus the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of swimming on elevated plus maze (EPM) associative memory deficit induced by intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine.
    Methods
    Bilateral guide cannulae were located to allow intra-CA1 microinjection. Elevated plus maze has been used for measurement of anxiety-like behaviors and emotional memory
    Results
    Data showed that injection of scopolamine at the dose of 2 μg/mice reduced the emotional memory while exerted no effect on anxiety like behaviors. It was further demonstrated that, 20 days of swimming followed by 7 days washout restored the emotional memory deficit induced by 2 μg/mice intra-CA1 scopolamine injection.
    Conclusion
    These data suggest that swimming improve scopolamine-induced amnesia in the CA1 of female mice.
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, memory, swimming exercise, escopola
  • Hoda Karamooz, Akbar Safipour Afshar, Fatemeh Saeid Nematpour Page 37
    Today، soil pollution by heavy metals is considered as a major environmental problem، which is cause health risks and diseases for human. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology which is quite a novel technique of cleaning polluted sites through the use of plants. In this study، the accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of Alyssum murale was treated by toxic concentrations of cadmium and nickel (0، 40، 70، 100 μM) were estimated in hydroponic system. Also some physiological parameters of treated plants were analyzed. The results show that the roots are able to absorb more metal than aerial parts that indicate metal connection to the cell wall in the roots. The low transfer of metals from root to shoot indicates exclusion mechanism. Cadmium uptake more than nickel by plants، may indicate that A. murale is accumulator species for cadmium. The results show that this species can be used to reduce contamination of contaminated soils with cadmium. Chlorophyll content decreased in elevated concentrations of Cd and Ni. Also the proline content in plant was increased under heavy metal stress، Also SOD activity in Alyssum murale showed a decrease and with increasing concentrations of heavy metal showed a increase. Furthermore، substantial increases were observed in antioxidant enzymes، such as catalase (CAT)، ascorbate peroxidase (APX)، in Cd and Ni-stressed plants in comparison with control.
    Keywords: pollution, Alyssum murale, cadmium, nickel, accumulator, exclusion, antioxidant enzymes, Oxidative stress
  • Samira Amiri, Mostafa Ebadi, Hossein Abaspour Page 49
    Dianthus caryophyllus L. is one of the most importantflower products and cut branches plants. In severral recent decades its qualitative and quantitative traits have received more attention of gardening. researchers Using tissue culture techniques is a usefal selecting method for modification and improvement the qualitative traits of this plant. in the view of the fact that in community urban the effect of diesel exhaust particles demonstrated on plant growth، based on this case our purpose of this research is to study the effect of different concentration of diesel exhaust particles on the growth and some physiological activities of Dianthus caryophyllus L. for this reason in a completely random plan، Sterile base of Dianthus caryophyllus L. were، divided into groups treatment and control in the base medium MS and we placed them into 8 groups. Then the plants placed under the treatment of diesel exhaust particles with concentrations (1،2/5،5،7/5،9،10،12) mg/L. The results of microscopic studies of growth factors and physiologic activities showed that increasing diesel exhaust particles cause decreasing in growth factors and changing physiologic activities. the results obtained about some growth factors such as dried and fresh weights Leaf area NAR، BMD in the probability level 1% or5% were significant and in some factors such as leaf number wasn،t significant. The result of physiological activities also showed that the plant by increasing diesel exhaust particle cause significant increasing proline amino acid in the plant.
    Keywords: diesel exhaust particles, Dianthus caryophyllus L, Tissue culture
  • Azarnoosh Jafari, Fereshteh Ghasemzadeh, Malihe Sadat Zendehbad, Zohreh Atashgahi Page 69
    Kang country is located in the west of Mashhad، 28 Kms distance. Being situated on the route and merge of Kang River. Plant species were collected from 10-Kms riverside، during active growth periods in 2009 and 2010. The species were identified and their chorology and life form were determined by laboratory examinations and reference books. Results revealed existence of 205 plant species from 147 genera and 42 plant families. Most of abundant plant families were Asteraceae، Poaceae and Lamiaceae، Brassicaceae، Fabaceae and Boraginaceae respectively. The analysis of endemism showed that the area inhabited by seven Khorasanian endemic taxa and eight rare and two threatened species. According to Raunkiaer’s classification of life forms، therophytes، hemicryptophytes، phanerophytes، chamaephytes and cryptophytes included 51. 2، 34. 6، 7. 3، 3. 4 and 2. 9% of the total species، respectively. Irano-Turanian chorotypes were the most dominant (76. 5%) plants، according to Zohary classification. The difference in the relative dominance of plant phenotype or chorotypes can be interpreted as different plant responses to the climatic conditions، as well as anthropogenic effects and natural disturbances.
    Keywords: Floristic, Kang, Chorotype, Life form, Khorasan
  • M. Keshavarzi, L. Azarnia, F. Habibi Tirtash, Z. Nazem Bokaee Page 83
    Avena L. is a grass genus with 7 species in Iran. Aims of this project were to study qualitative and quantitative anatomical characters، to use anatomical characters in efficient separation of taxa and to find the most variable anatomical characters in Avena species of Iran. Leaf anatomical structure in 44 populations of four species of Avena in Iran: A. fatua، A. ludoviciana، A. wiestii and A. barbata were studied by a vast gathering from different locations in Iran. Leaf anatomical structure was studied by considering dorsal epidermis and cross sections at the middle of leaf. Totally 22 quantitative and qualitative characters were evaluated and measured. Observed variations were analyzed statistically by Factor، Principal component and Cluster analysis. Our results indicate that features as stomata orientation، different hair type، presence or absence of short cells in dorsal epidermis and the condition of wrinkles and length and width of bulliform cells and the number of cells in inner bundle sheath in leaf corss sections are of diagnostic value. Due to studied characters، their diagnostic value is discussed.
    Keywords: Poaceae, Avena, Anatomical structure, Cluster Analysis