Journal Of Tourism And Hospitality Research
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Winter 2013

Traditional perspectives of regional development have emphasized on economic factors and innovation in exploiting techniques and resources. Similarly, regional tourism development is usually couched in economic factors, such as jobs and increasing land values. In this approach usually was ignored the local and community aspects of tourism development; thus it is necessary that the community be factored into planning and development strategies to balance the traditional economic perspective. Tourism systems include interaction between visitors and elements of the host community. It is argued in this paper that fostering innovation in regional development is much more than a process of community consultation. This paper outlines the key concepts of social capital and cultural capital and how they can further our understanding of regional tourism development. Tourism development depends on a level of social, political and cultural capital in order to be a tool of successful regional development. It does so within the context of regional tourism development and the concepts of systems of innovation and sustainable development.

Tools and methods that powerful actors employ them in the scene of the world’s political theater are diverse and various. Geopolitical monitoring is as a method and trajectory to understanding and gaining influence and hegemony in the world through the geopolitical index and capability. It have been emerged a critical discourses about smart power and it’s increasingly importance in the geopolitical competitions in the current geopolitical condition of the world and with the transformations which occurred in the Middle East and changes in the behavioral approaches of powerful actors. Smart power is an intelligent action in the using of the components of hard and soft power and combining of positive elements of them in the way that it takes a strength form of the integration of hard-soft power. Therefore, recognition and apprehension of the geopolitical characteristics of smart power is a mechanism in global political power. Iran as a geopolitical and determining pole in the Middle East has significant aspects of smart power which can reinforce its hegemony in this sensitive region with reliance upon it. This research with the methodology of descriptive – analytical, attempts to answer to this question that what is the most important indices of Iran’s smart power and what is the appropriate geopolitical strategies proportional with these indices along with the current developments in the Middle East? The results indicate that the hardware indices and software values and ideas combined with the geopolitical elements such as identity, culture and religion are considered as an effective index of Iran’s smart power.

Rural tourism scenario provides a wide range of possibilities and opportunities that saved the village from social issues, economic and environmental entails. Strategic opportunity of rural tourism development makes diversity of local economy and with job creation which is based on potential of village, causes an increasing level of prosperity, living standards, income and security and after that will cause maintainability of the village population, balancing ecological and cultural character of the village. Rural tourism in pakdasht is based on Cultivation of cut flowers and ornamental plants and eco-tourism and adventure tourism too which are combining the very remarkable purposes of pleasurable travel and even has been considered as a potentially link between layers of the Ecological and economic activity. In the first step we analyzed different types of rural tourism that products diversifications influence on development possibilities of studied rural areas. We analyzed the influence of different factors (environmental stability, spatial -local Favorable development of rural areas, economic stability) by Eigenvector Technique. The gained results show that the integration of transition process has occurred in the fourth transfer and the environmental stability parameter has the most importance with weight of 0.491387 and in the second step this article is an attempt to assess and review strategic approach to rural tourism based on model "SWOT", to explain the role of tourism in rural development. The findings of the study revealed the fact that With regard to the effects of rural tourism on sustainable rural development, Revisions and provision of appropriate policies are needed in order to Take advantage of the strengths and opportunities and reduce the weaknesses and threats via Aggressive Strategy.

In todays interconnected and being small world, any place for achieving to its share of world consumers, tourists, business, investment, capital, even respect should be competitive with other places. This is our reality today's competitive world. So places are such companies and those that have a strong brand, are easier to sell their products and services to attract customers and their assets. That is why it is said that the development strategy is for the brand location capability to act on their promises to increase. The difference between Brand creation and trade name for place and location marketing is that name creation and trade name is for a place, it is a process in which organically over the years are formed and decisions are dependent on a wide range of stakeholders. Create a brand for a place usually occurs before the market place, this place could be a city, village, university or even a museum.

One of the aims of education is to help students improving fast based on their preferences in education centers. Also teachers should try modern methods to increase knowledge and skills which are useful for their future. Some countries take geography education objectives into account in their education systems while others see the curriculum of the subject without analyzing the objectives. Life skill-based education increasingly attracts experts and teachers during the last two decades in Iran since traditional educational methods could not be used like past. Meanwhile education should be based on learner’s demands so they could use them in life and workplace. The current study proposes a novel instruction design that could almost provide this.

The relationship between the environment and tourism to the extent of their history, old as well as the natural environment need to tourism and tourism needs. Although this relationship is complex and sometimes contradictory, but tourism is always an important component in the creation and management of natural areas is considered. Due to the increasing development of ecotourism as nature tourism and consequently the vulnerability of the natural environment, we believe that only with experienced and knowledgeable guides must go to the heart of nature to reduce damaging it. Tourism boom in every geographic location along the positive and negative consequences of economic, social and environmental impacts associated with that if continued could lead to irreparable damage. This paper shows that the development of tourism, environmental impact, most notably the destruction has left abundant vegetation, coastal water pollution and loss of coastal landscape. Tourism, not only to rapidly growing phenomenon, but also a key factor in the development of regions and Tamynknndh¬Y many direct and indirect benefits for the host. On the other hand, such an approach has led to concerns about environmental degradation. In fact, a very close relationship between environment and tourism, because the environment itself is an attraction for tourists is important. According to the dominant form of tourism in the provinces bordering the sea in Iran, coastal tourism, the study also examined the behavior of coastal tourism environment.

Ecotourism science or nature tourism is considered as one of the most attractive as well as the most advantageous sciences relevant to natural resources and biological environment which isnt studied seriously in Iran. Anzali pond is located in 40 km north of Rasht and southwest of Anzali Township and Caspian Sea. Anzali pond is a beautiful pond which is situated in southern shore of Caspian Sea in Iran. This pond is a suitable settlement for immigrant birds and for this reason owes international importance and was recorded in Ramsar website at Khordad 1354. As the most important international pond, now, Anzali is in a great crisis with a lot of inattention that leads to its distraction. Because of locating in a crowded area, this pond receives various kinds of chemical materials from the rivers conduced to the pond. Due to pawing of industrial and urban sewerages, solid garbage of marginal areas and pollution generated form agricultural activity, vacating polluted water of farms and large entrance of sediments, quality of international Anzali pond is reduced and is exposed to ruining. Irregular cut of trees and extreme graze of mutton in country regions has lead to sediment conveyance from these areas. Although 70% of industrial factories around Anzali pond are equipped with resolution system, but continuance of entering hospital, urban, household and industrial slop to the conducing rivers to Anzali pond leads to settlement of these slops in pond and distraction of water supply in this region which by the use of effective and scientific strategies, authorities should have especial attention to this important watery arena in the world.

Tourism industry is one of the most important economic sectors in the world that create a lot of value added in developed and many of the developing countries. For Iran country, the spread of tourism industry is very effective because of the dependence on oil. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the relationship between tourism and economic growth using changes in tourism industry. We used the data from the Islamic Republic of Iran spanning over 1370-1391. We used mathematical modeling to capture the impact of tourism on economic growth. The estimates reveal that the growth of the tourism industry in Iran has positive significant effect on the model and had the greatest impact on economic growth in this case study.

Today, having a national brand of tourism is so important so that governments spend a lot of resources to create the National Tourism Brand, even they change their strategies over and over, regardless of the huge costs for implementation in order to be able to build a strong brand in the world tourism industry to take a greater share of the huge turnover in order to improve its economy. In this article we will try to build indicators and factors that are able to effectively investigate and determine the cause of tourism in a tourist destination, as well as the maintenance and promotion of the factors that are to be identified tourism is the tourism can be scientific and practical solutions to create a tourism brand successful. Factors such as advertising, education, tourism service providers of the importance of tourism brand, as well as personnel training managers and the public sector to the new branding strategy in the tourism industry, especially tourist destinations branding, brand management, including strategies to build, maintain and enhance the brand, to establish an integrated management are coordination between government agencies, the development and improvement of infrastructure Making a synergistic relationship between tourism destination brand value and brand value companies offering tourism services in the tourism destinations. Increase brand equity, leading to more investment in tourism destinations and the tourism boom and the resulting economic boom is the destination. The research method is descriptive in terms of purpose and functional in nature.