Journal Of Tourism And Hospitality Research
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Winter 2011

Expanding the means of communication and transportation, tourism is now considered as one of the most important and fundamental industries in economy and culture. This industry is very important in two respects: Firstly, it takes steps making familiar of nations with other cultures, tribes, people, territories and dialects, and etc. Secondly, economically, it is one of the resources of income and hard currency. According to the authorities, Iran is one of the top ten countries in the world from the viewpoints of historic, cultural, natural and anthropological attractions. This great resource, having numerous potential possibilities, has provided an appropriate bed for planners to develop tourism in different places of Iran. In the meantime, the realms of migration and inhabitation of the Iranian tribes, from the viewpoint of different attractions, especially variety natural and cultural situations, meet very suitable circumstances to develop the domestic tourism. On the basis of the social census of the migrating tribes in 1998-99, the Iranian tribal society has consisted of 102 clans and independent 592 tribes. This society includes a population about 1,300,000 people. The Iranian tribal society has various attractions to admit and attract tourists and expansion the tourism. It can be pointed out to the variety of languages and dialects, different shapes of migration, various types of shelters, variety customs, beauty clothes, handicrafts and etc as tourism attractions of tribal regions. The research methodology of this article has been based on conducting library studies, interview with well-informed people such as directors of tour and travel agencies and well-experienced experts, in addition to appearance repeatedly and observance of the author in tribal regions. In the present article, in addition to focus on tourism issues in Iran and describing the features of the Iranian tribal regions, the tourism challenges and outlooks in the tribal regions are also paid into attention. At the end, some necessary proposals for utilization by the managers, planners, experts, and university students are produced.

Tourism is one of the important industries and growing sectors in the national economy of the country. Urban tourism has recently gained attention by the researchers and also urban planners. The present paper aims to investigate urban tourism challenges in Kermanshah as one of the oldest urban cities with its unique geographical position in the western border of Iran. The city has a great potential to be developed in tourism industry and play an economic role in the province of Kermanshah. It seems that despite the high capacity of the city for tourism development, there are many hindrances for the growth of such industry. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive and analytical method by using statistical techniques. The data was collected by conducting a field work through questionnaire completion. The statistical society of the research was domestic tourists of Kermanshah and the number of the samples is consisted of 322 people. The socio-economic data was analyzed by applying SPSS and then were depicted via Arc GIS. The results revealed that there are some problems for tourism development like lack of proper advertisement and also the weakness of tourism infrastructures. The city has rich tourism socio-cultural elements which could help the development of the city’s economy. It is concluded that by developing the urban tourism, the region would bear less negative environment impacts and gain a more diverse economy.

Evaporation, as a major component of the hydrologic cycle, plays a key role in water resources development and management in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. Although there are empirical formulas available, their performances are not all satisfactory due to the complicated nature of the evaporation process and the data availability. This paper explores evaporation estimation methods based on NNARX and adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) techniques. It has been found that NNARX and ANFIS techniques have much better performances than theempirical formulas (for the test data set, NNARX R2 = 0.95, ANFIS R2 0.94, Meyer R2 0.81 and Marciano R2 0.68). ANFIS and NNARX model is slightly better albeit the difference is small. Although NNARX and ANFIS techniques seem to be powerful, their data input selection process is quite complicated. More studies are needed to gain wider experience about this data selection tool and how it could be used in assessing the validation data.

Climate has had a critical role in the appearance and formation of human residential places, their expansion or their various functions. In fact, urban elements and their function have been always affected by climate elements, when we study the structure and fabric of cities in dry and warm zones we find that the climate has given a reasonable form to the structure and fabric of these cities. The influence of climate on the dry and warm zones has led to a particular tourism called “thetourism of dry zones”. From tourism point of view, the ecological conditions of dry and warm zones have made a distinction between geographical appearance, urbanfabric and buildings of dry zone with those of other zones. The purpose of this paper is to review the influence of climate on the construction making method of dry zones and its effect on the tourist aspect of the regions. These clear and obvious elements not only are affected by dry and warm climate but also are affective to attract tourists. In this paper, the research method is descriptive – occasional. How the sunlight radiation is related, the rate of atmospheric precipitation, the temperance of weather, the quietly and the shape of construction material and its effect on equilibrating the temperature in dwelling areas are among the main findings of this investigation. We hope this research can have an important role in laying the groundwork for tourism in dry zones of Iran to attract foreign and native tourists. The landscapes of dwelling places in these regions have numerous attractions for tourism many of which are still known.

The main aim of this paper is to explore how leisure education deals with the well-being of Iranian society, and what impact it has on their leisure practice. The paper is built on the works that have studied the problems relating to industrial revolution, community life, leisure, leisure education and health. Through an argumentative method, the paper attempts to develop a comprehensive understanding of the effects that industrial revolution had on leisure evolution, and at the next step it tries to trace the importance of leisure education and leisure on the well-being of societies in such a complicated industrial atmosphere. As Iranian society also have been industrialized during the recent decades, the major conclusion that the paper gains, is that leisure education and leisure practice are necessary for the well-being of Iranian society.

One of today’s world issues that makes it different form the past is the necessity of communication and co-existing with other nations. Since globalization has made nations and governments closer and increased the economical, social and political relationships between countries which led to the formation of our new modern world, it is worth considering it more seriously. Thus, globalization is a process of changes which is removing political and economical borders, increasing cultural interaction between nations. With its immediate effects on social, economical, political, cultural, law, IT and even environment-related issues. Considering the role of tourism in the economy of countries and national communications, different aspects of globalization and providing good bases along with the importance of technology in the process of globalization and expanding electronic tourism are important topics of discussions today. In this article, the role of globalization in the development of tourism, the effects of IT in the world tourism, expansion of electronic tourism, some problems and solutions were studied according to the geography of Iran.

Tourism is considered an economy division which is extraordinarily sensitive to weather and climate. Weather and climate affect not only supply but also demand of tourism services. So, with regard to climatic features and demand for tourism services, both resources and facilities and also restrictive factors should be equally taken into consideration. The sub-basin of Talkheroud River is located in the East of Lake Uromiyeh and is the second watershed sub basin in terms of extent. The purpose of this paper (which is the result of a research plan) is to study, recognize and introduce some areas of watershed sub-basin of Talkheroud as regards environmental convenience of tourists, by using TCI index and finally by allocation of convenience indices . At the end, a ranking is assigned to every sub-area in the region, in a way that the information can be used by tourism planners, tourism organizations, traveling agencies and tour leaders. In this study, by virtue of the content of the research in the form of text and tables and also statistical charts via Microsoft Office Excel and by the help of processing statistics concerning meteorology, existing stations in the Talkheroud sub-basin have been ranked in terms of climatic conveniences based on TCI. The results show that the maximum rate of TCI is for Tabriz and Azarshahr with 6 months ideal conditions for tourism and minimum rate belongs to Lighvan station with 4 months of ideal conditions for tourism. These results can be considered in tourism planning in the region.

Tourism effect deeply on rural residential areas is clear to everyone. According to the objectives stipulated for the sustainable development, economic development of the rural residential areas is one of the most significant factors in achieving permanent development: considering different factors, the programmers have tried to stabilize the village economy. One of the significant factors in rural residential areas is tourism, which could bring about positive variations in villages by attracting investments from urban centers. This could cause an increase in the number and the variety of job opportunities as well as the income of the villagers, which could in turn bring about stability in village population.

Tourism as a means of change and innovation has been broadly admitted to have a significant role in the economic, cultural, political, and social status of the people in a society. This research investigates the role of language tourism, a new concept in TEFL and tourism industry on the learners’ attitudes towards English and their motivation in learning EFL. To achieve the goal of the study, a 47-item Farsi version questionnaire adapted from AMTB (Gardner, 1985) was administered to 65 intermediate students divided into two groups of control and experimental, studying English in an extensive course in Iran. After the treatment on the experimental group which was composed of 12 one-day English language tours during the semester, the data analysis revealed that the students’ attitudes toward English and their motivation in learning EFL have been promoted significantly through tourism- more specifically: language tourism.