نشریه سراج منیر
سال سوم شماره 12 (زمستان 1392)

Seyyed Qotb is one of the great theorists in Ikhwan al- Muslimin (The Muslim Brotherhood) group. He develops his ideas and thought among youth and young adults through writing some books such as: “Fi Zelal al- Quran” and “Maalem fi al-Tarigh”. He states some issues such as social justice in Islam, current ignorance of people, division of the world to two parts: Islamic part (house) and disbelief part (house), and named all governments Devil, finally he introduced Jihad (holy war) or Hijrat (holy emigration) as a solution for them. Expressing such subjects had a noticeable impact on Arab Youth, so that some jihadi groups such as al-Qaede were formed after his execution. They follow seyyed Qotb in method and thought, but in jurisprudence and beliefs follow Wahhabism Salafism scholars such as Ibn Taymiyyah. Likewise, Abdollah Azzam states that I was the student of four teachers; Seyyed Qotb in thought, Navavi in jurisprudence, Ibn Taymiyyah in belief and Ibn Qhayyem in spiritual issues. Therefore, Al- Qaedeh is the mix group which got its strategic concepts from Seyyed Qotb and got their beliefs from Wahhabism. Today we observe that Wahhabism invite Arab youth to war and jihad through abusing Seyyed Qotb ideas, though their goals are not compatible with Seyyed Qotb targets.

After martyrdom of Imam Hussain some strange accidents happened in the world which showed the depth of that tragedy and crime and indicated Divine wrath. Every creature expressed sorrow and mourned according to its nature for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain. These wonders mentioned not only in the Shia books and documents but also in Sunnite books. Ibn Taymiyyah denied these miracles, the same as other virtues of the Prophet’s Family without any evidence and considered miracles such as: creature crying for Imam Hussain, redness of sky, and blood rain, etc, false. By contrast, such wonders and miracles mentioned in Sunnite books by various narrators and those books are authentic and confirmed by him.

Ibn Taymiyyah confirmed traditions and narrations about Imam Mahdi (a.s.) and considered believing Imam Mahdi (a.s.) as a postulate. But through expressing some dubious things such as: infertility of Imam Ashari (a.s.), impossibility of longevity of Imam Mahdi (a.s.), and incapability of Imam Mahdi (a.s.) for leadership in his childhood, he tried to nominate the belief in Imam Mahdi (a.s.) as a wrong and null belief and hypothesis. The author tries to indicate the Ibn Taymiyyah problems and questions besides their solutions and answers. Answering the Ibn Taymiyyah dubious question about infertility of Imam Asgary (a.s.), the author states this subject is not mentioned in “Tabari History”, though Ibn Taymiyyah claimed it was mentioned there. Also he answer Ibn Taymiyyah’s other claim about impossibility of Imam Mahdi (a.s.) longevity. Then, the writer accounts some features such as: deservingness, accomplishment and intellectual growth as the Leadership (Imamat) conditions but the age.

Occurrence and license of invocation were found out through studying Sunnite sources and documents as apparent tradition in messengers’ life. The occurrence of multiple cases of invocation to messengers and God Almighty’s friends is the sign if invocation history and is the strongest evidence for its legitimacy. This study tries to express some invocation cases which consist of both messengers’ invocation to God Almighty and the people invocation to the messengers in their life through descriptive analysis method according to Sunnite documents. The great part of these cases belongs to invocation to the holy Prophet (p.b.a.h.). Unlike Shia tradition, Sunnite tradition narrates few invocation cases in messengers’ life. However, several cases of invocation to the holy Prophet (p.b.a.h.) have been narrated and also some valuable studies and efforts to answer to the raised questions on various aspects of invocation have been conducted.

The Islamic world has been observed the Salafi School called Wahhabism which encompass the revelation territories for years. The Wahhabism thought has been had a great impact on the region and Islamic world. One of the factors which has a remarkable role in studying the schools and doctrines is clarifying the reasons of their development and growth. In this study the author tries to investigate the reasons for the development of this emerging phenomenon according to historical documents.

Concentrating on letters and debated of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab, this study investigates methods of his debates, dealing with his dissidents, and his belief propaganda. In this study his practical methods such as: wars, slaughters, crimes are not concerned because such methods need long discussion, but his apparent scientific and ethical approach with his dissent is focused. Abusing the holy Quran and Islam tradition, he invite people to himself and considers all of his opposites as pagans and declared fighting with them is necessary. Anesthetizing most of his contemporary Muslims, using dirty expressions and terms about opposite scholars, and adopting some Quranic verses about pagans for his contemporary Muslims, are some features of his method; as far as, he considered his contemporary Muslims more astray than the pagans at the beginning of Islam.