مجله پژوهش های اعتقادی کلامی
پیاپی 17 (بهار 1394)

Sufis believe that to achieve the lofty peak of wisdom to pass their homes and masalek and conduct of the authorities in the mysticism begins with. During the houses and the mystical power of human hands showing the result is a kind of awakening. Hafez roguish ways unique to repentance and asceticism, piety, he sees the irony and criticism but other officials such as patience, poverty, trust and satisfaction with mystical reverence accepts. This research library is going to look different to him to explain some of the more obviouse.

Religion and science is one of the most important issues in new Theology in our age. After scientist's successfully, many question have arisen for those who interest both areas. This paper try to examine the viewpoint of Prof.Hans Kung in the writer of book:" The beginning of all things "which is discuss regarding the relationship between religion and science. He as a Christian believer has tried to close both areas together. He argues that when the scientific hypothesis proposed, after sometimes the new theories will reject them and new hypothesis arise or appear as a law and theory while the religions claim that they have arisen from transcendental source but science has not any prophet or revelation sources, so it waits for a new theories and new hypothesis. In fact today religions cannot be denied by modern scientific methods logically as we know from his viewpoint. According to this point, present paper tried to offer relationship between religion and science in Kung's viewpoint especially in some related areas such as beginning of the world, creation; etc.it may be considered Kung as an advocator of Compatibility and even Cooperation theory.

In research of Muslim theologians & contemporary philosophers about knowing of God, there are some similar approaches which their Studying & analysis is necessary in comparative review. There are various philosophical & theological ways in proving existence of God, such as; (1) emphasis of Ibne Sina & Mull Sadra on just one proof for proving of God, (2) believe in God based on plural arguments that offered from Fakhr Razi & Richard Swinburne, and subsequently (3) Alvin Plantinga’s proving based on basic view. By acceptance of plurality of arguments, Fakhr Razi offers functional explanation in his works: 1) certainty is function of plurality, in addition, 2) composure and modesty of thought are bringing from plurality of arguments too. The first function is resulted of certain arguments & the second one, of persuasive. Richard Swinburne has also taken this pattern, that is, plurality of arguments or cumulative arguments; however, he considers criticisms approach. According to Swinburne point of view, plural arguments make existence of God more probability. Therefore, both scholars with classification of proofs have considered plurality of arguments and have presented functional explanation. But there are some differences between theirs views: 1) certainty has been accepted in Fakhr Razi’ s view as function of plurality of arguments, but, Swinburne emphasizes in more possibility, 2) the ways of accepting of arguments and criticisms of them; 3) finally they are different in description and sides of explanation.

The theology (ELMOLALKALAM) in Islam is divided into a variety of branches. But among them Shia theology and Sonna theology are considered two main branches which in there is a lot of similarities and differences upon theological doctorines. The main reason for this disagreement refer to difference in religious sources.” The credibility of Sahaba act” in Ahlol alsona FEGH is considered one of this resources. But in shia this religious source has not any authority. Therefore in this article we are going to explain Ashare point of view in this issue and thereafter define the weakness of this jurisprudential source regarding to holy Quran verses.

The importance of inner inside of Quran or heart of Quran is that, because some part of meaning and education of Quran is related to inner meaning of verses and eternality of Quran had direct relation to hidden part of Quran. We can analyze the hidden inside (inner meaning) with different aspect but the important one is understanding and deduction of the hidden meaning, and doing so, not only is effective in knowing different levels of heart of Quran but also has significant role in correct way of interpretation of Quran and better deal to descriptive narratives. Different scholars of theology in different periods had given various definition on heart of Quran, but we can understand from Hadith that heart of Quran means the hidden and unclear meaning and message of Quran. This writing is going to consider the basic understanding of heart of Quran. As a result of this writing, the most important basic understanding and deduction of heart of Quran are: existence of relation between hidden and obvious meaning of verses, relativity of understanding of heart of Quran for its audience and readers, and knowledge dominance of Infallibles (peace be upon them) to all hearts (inner meanings) of Quran.

The Holy Quran constitutes the most important shaping factor of the development of the Islamic culture and civilization. So that, it can be claimed all attempts and researches in the field of Islamic thought have been shaped on the basis of the Quranic verses including literature, jurisprudence, ilm al-usul, theology, philosophy, and gnosis. For instance, philosophy which actually entered into the world of Islam from Greece developed under the influence of the Quranic teaching by Islamic philosophers and got Islamic identity. By different way’s, Muslim philosophers adapt ideas and philosophical doctrines to teachings of the Quran, also they used of the Quranic verses in order to conceptualize and innovate new theories, and they used Logic of Quran for presenting philosophical arguments. In this way among the Islamic philosophers, the contribution of Kindi, Suhrawardi, Ibn Sina, and Mulla Sadra were more than others.

From the past until now the inheren and the rational "goodness and evil" has been discussed as an important and fundamental theme at the Islamic theology. The impact of this rule on ideological, ethical, political and juridical field has caused the twogroupsof Adila and Ashara to prove and review that. Adila have argued on the inherency and the rationality of some deeds, and Ashara have argued on the divinity and legitimacy of them. Adlia and ashare criticize each other resorting to reasons including the essentiality and inherence of good and evil, confession of divine laws from Adlia against Ashara′s stance of good and evil's changeability, divine limitation and duty, etc. this research by use the descriptive and analytical method expressed these two theories in the form of criticism and proof and then proves the "inheren and rational goodness and evil" theory, and expressed that the major diversion of Asharh theory is their false analysis of the Quran, the confusion between issues and conflicts, the abandonment of sound mind and political issues,as well as their weak theology.