مجله پژوهش های اعتقادی کلامی
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1394)

“Meaningfulness of life” is one of the most important issues of human life. Not responding to the question “what is the meaning of life?” drag life into aimlessness and absurdity.One of the doctrines of divine religions is the meaningfulness of life. Methodical studies on verses of Qur‟an has shown that it is the most complete book which has put the most attentions on issue of life has introduced life meaningfully. Qur‟an‟s notion about earthly life is that, it can be decent or indecent but life is not indecent and is in close connection with Hereafter. For better understanding of meaning of life, Qur‟an has invited all to study the secrets of creation.In this paper the reasons for meaningful life from the perspective of Qur‟an is examined and effective meaning-giving reason on life is analyzed.

Knowing Allah Almighty and His attributes and names is among the greatest concerns of scholars and philosophers. Much of the literature on the attributes of Allah (swt) is on the dichotomy of positive and negative attributes. However, there is also another view that does not believe in the use of positive attributes for Allah (swt), instead, it asserts that Allah Almighty can only be known and described by negative attributes. This view is known as negative theology or apophetic theology pioneered by Ghazi Saeed Qomi and Ibn Meymun (Maimonides). They contend that what is considered as positive attributes refer to the negation of their opposites. They further refer to the principality of essence rather than existence and believe that Allah Most High has nothing in common with other beings and even the common term “existence” is only a homonym when used for Allah and His creatures. They conclude that positive attributes do not hold true for Allah and He can only be known and described by negative attributes.

Al- Eateghadat is one of the most important Shiite books composed by Sheikhe – Sadugh. His aim of composing the book was renewing belief principals and branches of Shiite based on Sagalein sources. Paying to the most important belief knowledge,using Quran subjects, narrative and sign clarifying and explaining in belief chapters, time preceding and rejecting distortion doubt are some characteristics of the book. In terms of time preceding, Shiite the most important principals and branches are found in this book. However, the book is target to criticism both structurally and textually. Structurally, unsuitable chaptering, reference lacking of sources, narrative document weakness and inadequate explanation to chapters are some deficiencies of the book. Sheikhe – Sadugh refers in some chapters to weak topics. And he does not explicitly express his ideas about some matters and makes readers amazed. Textually, there are some instable expressions in some chapters of Al-Eateghadat that are in contrast with Quran and sure narratives, and also the text itself isn‟t complete and comprehensive. So, in some cases, subjects of some chapters are severely doubtful. The research first introduces briefly Al- Eateghadat and it‟s characteristics and then criticizes the book in two divided chapters textually and structurally.

Imam Reza(pbuh) had vast verbal discussion with different important top people of divine religions and scholars of different sects and schools. In all of his discussions, he has won because of deploying different ways and methods to verify the rightness of Islamic beliefs and to invalidate the notions of opponents.With analyzing the verbal discussion of Imam Reza(pbuh) not only we are familiar with his ways and methods of discussion but also we can understand traits and features which we can use in Islamic doctrines and to use against opponents of religion.This paper, for the sake of knowing his discussion methods, at first post the methods then his features of negotiation.

The recognition of human rights implies a close philosophical, theosophical and religious look at his/her existence. As the most significant source and the most complete Holy Scripture, Quran deals with realities about human being. Quran calls human being as the supreme creatures. Quran has emphasized human traits including human honor and liberty. The aim of this study understands the status of natural honor and liberty of man considering the viewpoint of Quran and Islamic tradition and the expression of their relationship as the most important factor in preserving human right.

Allegorical Interpretation (Taawil) means referring to the beginning of word or the end of a word and the meaning of it is the intention of the speaker of the Word. The term is also used in some areas of religious epistemology and the meaning of it is to discover the esoteric meaning of the terms that cannot be achieved from the form of a word, but it must be decoded or demythologization. Bultmann believes that in order to modernize and making the scriptures understandable, anyone can pay to the interpretation of these texts and it does not have to certain people. Tafkik school although believe to interpretation, but they disagree to philosophical interpretation of the Holy Quran. They say just the prophet (p) and Imams (AS) who are firmly rooted in science (Rasekhan) can interpret it. This paper investigate the problem of interpretation from the viewpoint of Bultmann and Tafkik School.

The difference of religious poems with other is their content; then the main approach in criticism of this poetry, should be criticism of content. The main issue in this criticism is measurement of the understanding and poet‟s belief to the foundations of religion. The main beliefs of Shiite and its difference with other religions are mainly the concept of leadership. Then measurement of the level of knowledge and understanding of the concept of leadership and the depth of belief to this knowledge are as a decisive in content criticism of Shiite poems. In this paper, it is tried to study the various levels of this knowledge and to suggest the solutions of measuring the depth of poet‟s belief. In this research, the understanding of the concept of leadership is divided into 10 levels: The minimalistic Approaches: 1.Imam: historical character. 2. Imam: political leader. The theological and Doctrinal Approaches: 3. Imam: a virtuous man. 4. Imam: beloved in god and people. 5. Imam: deserving to leadership and caliphate. The mystical Approaches: 6. Imam: light and top truth. 7. Imam: truth of Quran. 8. Imam: present at the creation. 9. Imam: able to join and unity. The exaggerated Approaches: 10. Change Imam to God (exaggeration).In this paper, extraction of levels of poets „belief based on the Quran and Shiite Hadith and contemporary poems are selected in research.