فهرست مطالب

مطالعات سیاسی - پیاپی 30 (زمستان 1394)

نشریه مطالعات سیاسی
پیاپی 30 (زمستان 1394)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/12/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Mehdi Zakerian Amiri, Fatemeh Sarreshteh Izadmousa Pages 1-24
    In addition to the human rights and fundamental freedoms¡ the right to social security that covers the kind of economic and social rights is included. Rights such as education¡ health care¡ employment and adequate level of prosperity in the lives makes such rights are indispensable. The issue of «the right to social security» in the context of the second generation of human rights is emphasized. Unlike the first generation to publicly freedom and civil rights¡ lack of government intervention and a lack of focus hinder the right of second generation focuses on government intervention to achieve right of public welfare. As a result¡ governments are responsible to the citizens for guarantying the so-called right to have suggestion. Therefore¡ this article is trying to show the social security right in international documents. The key question of this article is that what is the status of Social Security expressed in international documents? What is the position of the governments in relation to the right of social security? proposed hypothesis in this paper is that is that the Social Security in international documents (such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights¡ the UN Charter¡ international conventions¡ Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination¡ the Convention on the Rights of the Child¡ Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Declaration of Philadelphia) as a human right known as the international Bill of social justice as a prerequisite for lasting peace in international community and within individual nation-states.
    Keywords: the Right to Social Security, the International Documents, International Relations, Human Rights, International Labor Organization
  • Mir Ibrahim Sedigh Bathaei * Pages 25-46
    Karl Popper is considered to be one of the greatest philosophers of the twentieth century in the field of knowledge .Popper''s epistemology is based on the principle of falsifiability of theory. According to him¡ the growth of human knowledge closely resembles the process of natural selection. It is the natural selection of hypotheses.The aim of the present paper is a review of Popper''s epistemology of knowledge. In addition¡ the article seeks to answer these two questions: (1) how correct is Popper in his epistemology of knowledge? (2 what was the impact of his thinking on the methodology of critical rationalism? Findings are indicative that Popper maintained that only falsification can ensure validity and reliability that the aim of the empirical method can never be to test for the truth of theories¡ but to corroborate them through failed efforts to prove them false. Popper takes a metaphorical axe and hacks away at the roots: his critique of positivism is essentially a critique of induction itself. Thus¡ his position seems to be critical of empiricism and positivism which is rooted in experience.
    Keywords: Karl Popper, Knowledge, Critical Rationalism, Methodology, Positivism, Falsifiability
  • Akbar Ashrafi, Mojtba Ganbardost Pages 47-66
    This study explains «The Islamic revolution of Iran» from liberal viewpoint. This study refers to the characteristics of the Iranian revolution and the introduction of successful various factors from liberals'' viewpoint¡ that continues by introducing opposition groups. Including liberals seriously believe that the direct impact of secular nationalist and leftist groups opposed to the king and the Pahlavi regime''s overthrow. In addition¡ in the Liberal writers'' viewpoint¡ it is Important to know the impact of Carter''s human rights policy and creation of political openness prior to revolution. This¡ in turn¡ on one hand¡ facilitated the revolutionary struggle against the king regime and¡ on the other hand¡ caused confusion within king''s political structure on the objective of USA government. . Also The role of the King in the rush and indulge in modernization and lack of prudence in spending high oil revenues and uneven development¡ all of which constituted part and parcels of Islamic. Furthermore¡ this article studies other points that has been proposed about imprudence if king and¡ or induce rejection of his violence in Iran from liberals'' viewpoint¡ including; non-use of force and violence by the king to suppress opponents of the regime. America''s role as ambiguous and problematic points in the analysis of the Islamic Revolution¡ which in this study is checked separately from liberals'' viewpoint. At the end of this study¡ general viewpoint of liberals on «Islamic revolution of Iran» ¡ are critically discussed and analyzed and conceptual ambiguities surrounding the stand of liberals on the occurrence of revolution are clarified.
    Keywords: Islamic Revolution in Iran, Imam Khomeini, Liberals, Pahlavi Regime, Shiite Political Culture
  • Jalil Rahimi Jahan Abadi, Rasoul Heidari Fereznehei* Pages 67-88
    Undoubtedly¡ political development is one of the elements¡ which has considerable importance in modern world. Besides¡ it has proved influential in different issues. Political and trade unions¡ non-governmental institutions¡ and special social groups with conscious and free political partnership constitute the key factors in political development. Therefore¡ Islamic Councils as a pervasive democratic institution will play a critical role in political partnership¡ and hence political development. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Islamic Councils in political development in Taybad. To achieve this end¡ voter turnouts in Islamic Consultative Assembly election and Assembly of Experts election in Taybad between 1999 to 2013 (when City and Village Islamic Councils were active) were compared with those of the same institutions (Islamic Consultative Assembly and Assembly of Experts) before the establishment of City and Village Islamic Councils. The results of this study indicated that the voter turnouts in the above-mentioned institutions have increased after the establishment of Islamic Councils. It can be concluded that Islamic Councils have had a positive effect on enhancement of political partnership and development.
    Keywords: Islamic Councils, Political Development, Elections, Political Partnership, Taybad
  • Ghodrat Ahmadian, Ahad Noori Asl Pages 89-110
    The main objective of this paper is to analyze Political development studies on the Middle East in the recent years which are based on the theory of «failed state». . Generally¡ studies or the role of external actors or the social awareness of people under headings such as «Islamic awakening» and «Arabic spring» has been stressed. This study aimed to investigate the developments in Syria and stress on the level of state analysis¡ the theory of «helpless state» or «failed-state». Therefore¡ according to this theory¡ the developments in Syria have been analyzed with a focus on the level of failed- state and the role of external actors in assisting «failed -state» and the ways out of the challenges Syria is presently faced.
    Keywords: Syria, Failed State, Foreign Players, Civil War
  • Mohammad Reza Abdollahpoor, Afshin Mottaghi Pages 111-130
    In this study¡ a weak nation-state is identified in a specific geopolitical context relative to other states. This study defines a weak nation-state as a nation-state which has low maneuverability in a particular geopolitical context. Although geopolitical structures provide a weak nation-state with constraints rather than opportunities¡ a weak nation-state has some geopolitical agency through the formulation of its geopolitical discourses. In a particular geopolitical context¡ weak nation-states¡ as geopolitical agents¡ face not only constraints but also take advantage of the opportunities of geopolitical structures. This study is an attempt to provide a theoretical framework for explaining a weak nation-state’s foreign and security policies using the concepts of geopolitical culture. The framework focuses on three theoretical points: (1) Geopolitical agency of a weak nation-state in geopolitical contexts; 2) The relationship between the geopolitical visions and codes of a weak nation-state; 3) A weak nation-state’s construction of territory for its geopolitical Discourses. This study analyzes¡ through the use of descriptiveanalytical method the theoretical basis of Geopolitical structure.
    Keywords: Geopolitics codes, vision, Geopolitics Agency, Weak Nation, States, Structure, Agency, Kurdistan Regional Government
  • Enayatollah Yazdani, Ahmad Jalinosi, Mohsen Poor Karimi Pages 131-156
    Nato was formed after the second world war. It has been the most durable and powerful military and political union in history. It has been the axis of transAtlantic link¡ important to both sides of Atlantic Ocean¡ bases for American military presence in continent Europe. After cold war¡ dramatic changes occurred in political and geographical atmosphere of world. Because of these changes Nato developed cooperation patterns in Europe in the form of economic and security endeavor. Nato has adapted durable presence and role playing in Persian gulf through Istanbul cooperation activated during summit (2004). This study¡ with its emphasis on Copenhagen School Theory tries to answer this question of what is the objective of Nato''s expansion to Persian gulf region. This study clarifies the reasons behind the Nato''s Presence in Persian Gulf. Research findings indicate that controlling terrorism¡ and selling mass destructive weapons to the countries of the region¡ to exploit energy resources¡ and finally to limit Iran''s beyond its borders.
    Keywords: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, September 11th, Middle East, Persian Gulf, Copenhagen School, Security
  • Ali Asgar Jafari* Pages 157-180
    The main subject of discussion in this paper is crisis management in various spheres. Organizations as a key component of today''s society are not exempt from this. This paper utilizes descriptive – analytic tool and the study of socio-cultural role of Islamic Republic of Iran broadcasting in crisis management deals. Sociocultural crisis is inevitable in human societies and if not managed correctly then it may develop into bigger and irreversible problems. Hence¡ in this paper the sociocultural crisis will be studied from various angles.
    Keywords: Media, Crisis, Crisis Management, Socio, Cultural Crisis
  • Ali Ghasemian* Pages 181-203
    Undoubtedly Islamic revolution of Iran has been the source of so-called Muslim awakening in the Middle East in particular and Islamic world in general. Although this Islamic awakening was caused many Islamic countries to achieve their political independent¡ but superpower tries to continue their sway by their conspiracy to bring their own puppets to power. When the Islamic revolution occurred in 1979 the dominant ideologies in the world were liberalism and Marxism however Islamic revolution in Iran now became the dominant discourse in both West and east and as such set aside these latest ideologies. The negation of the present world situation¡ based on the ideology of the Islamic revolution¡ has been worrying great powers and their regional allies. On the other hand¡ economic sanctions¡ political and economic foundations are not formed in away to enable these countries to free themselves of will of the dominant nations. Expansion of Islamic revolution of Iran in other parts of the world¡ especially in the Middle East is threatening force against the interest and securities of the western countries and their partners in this region.
    Keywords: Middle East, Terrorism, Islamic Revolution, International System, Sovereignty