پژوهشنامه تربیتی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، بهار 1386)

Globalization trend has created new challenges for general education system which demands a change in general education system performance. Studies and researches show that along with considerable social,economical, technological changes,specially information and communication technology and globalization of the general education system,the country's education system should follow progress and improvement,so that it may be taken as a guideline for future goals.Regarding this, the main purpose of this research is to identify the country's general education system underdevelopment roots and present a proper model and framework by which the general education system goes along with the necessary progressive trend.Regarding the theoratical aspects and comparative studies as well as the researches done,the main factors of underdevelopment in general education system is recognized in seven concepts of planning, policy- making, global, economical,qualitative,cultural,social and political development. To test the concepts and answer the questions, a 144 question questionaire was prepared and after making sure of their validity and reliability,it was sent to the sample members of the country including the bosses of general education offices and the heads of universities as well as their assistants (386 in number). The necessary information was collected from these questionaires.These data were analyzed by descriptive and deductive statistical methods such the analysis of ANOVA, F test and factor analysis. The results showed that planning and policy-making in scientific,research,technological and educational values,and Worldwide communication development, innovation receiving,investment in scientific,research,technological,educational and health values as well as educational consideration,educational decenteralization and the production of culture and values are all in accordance with developmental needs.

The study and the evaluation of the informal educational programs of the administrative organizations employees in Arak is the main concern of this research. The statistical population of the research includes Arak administrative organizations employees in 1384-85. The statistical sampling includes 188 emloyees of these organizations who have been selected through the two- phase sampling.The data and information of the research have been collected through observation,interview and confirmed questionaire. The obtained results are classified as follow: 1) The in-service education has increased the number of Arak administrative organizations employees performance. 2) There is no meaningful relationship between the in-service education and the improvement of the employees performance. 3) There is no meaningful relationship between the in-service education and improving the quality of the education. 4) There is no agreement among the in-service education,job requirement and improvement of the employees technical knowledge.

This research is about the relationship between the organizational culture and the employees creativity in North Khorasan Melli banks in 1385. The statistical population of the research includes 214 employees of the North Khorasan Melli banks. The statistical sample also includes 100 employees of Melli bank branches in North Khorasan. For measuring each of the research variables, the following questionnaires have been used: 1) The organizational culture questionair,Denison model. This kind of questionair is used to measure the organizational culture in contributive,adaptive and missionary indexes, and also determining the dominant culture of the organization. 2) The Rendsip creativity questionnaire. It is used for determining the employees creativity level The results show that there is a direct and positive relationship between the organizational culture and creativity. It means, the higher the grade of organizational culture is, the more the employees creativity is. But, this relationship is not so meaningful. The organizational culture indexes alone showed no meaningful relationship with creativity. The indirect findings show that the employees have much more creativity in missionary organizational culture.The adaptive organizational culture gets a higher grade than the other indexes.We can surely say that the adaptive organizational culture is the most dominant culture among the Northern Khorasan Melli banks. Concerning the designed cultural profile for Melli bank,all four indexes are shown in an average range.Whereas, in an effective and successful organization, all organizational culture indexes should be of a great importance.

In this research that focus is on the effective factors on students tendency toward research,the method of the research is descriptive-survey.The needed information is collected through the confirmed questionnaire. It is to say that 12 hypothesis were studied using test and factor analysis.the outcomes were: 1. familiarity with research methods 2. teachers interest and continuity in making the students research meaningful 3. membership in university scientific-research clubs 4. lack of clear position in university courses for research 5. teachers unfamiliarity with research 6. students interest in research 7. Emphasis on research in universities through proper presentation and studental research festival 8. library and easy access to internet 9. unfamiliarity with research during high school 10. lack of interest in field of study 11. lack of proper job future 12. presence of research councilors in universities Factor analysis,in this research, showed that the following 6 factors have devoted more proportion of variance to themselves rather than the above 12 factors: 1. familiarity with research methods 2. lack of clear position in university courses for research 3. membership in university scientific-research clubs 4. presence of research councilors in universities 5. unfamiliarity of students with research 6. students interests in research

Which factors have negative effect on learning?How can we creat an atmosphere by which we can omit or lower the effect of these factors? We cant ignore the importance of English at all. This subject has been presented for all university students under the titles of technical,general,and basic Englis.In fact, we can say that most of the students have not been successful in learning English.There are a lot of complaints about it. Since there are many factors in students English lesson degradation,the present research considers six hypothesis that may affect students degradation in English. The statistical population of the research includes Ghuchan Azad Islamic University non-English major students.The sample number included 220 students.After testing them,then excluding the uncomplete answer sheets (29 in number), the sample number was decreased to 191(42 students failed the course,and 149 passed it). The research instrument was a 36 item questionaire with the following 5 sub-scales: 1. very low effect 2. low effect 3. moderate effect 4. high effect 5. very high effect To analyze the data and compare the average of the two groups, the T test was used. The results showed that factors such as family financial problems,lack of educational facilities and lack of experienced teachers have not such a great effect on students degradation in English lesson,but factors such as lack of enough motivation,lack of proper educational planning and socia-environmental problems mostly affect the student's degradation in English lesson.

The present research studies the relationship between the identity(information, norm,confusion / evading) and self-responsibility styles among the students of Tehran university. 380 boy and girl students of Tarbiat moallem, Tehran, Allameh Tabatabaee, Shahid Beheshti and Elm o sanat universities were selected through the random staging cluster Sampling method. For collecting the necessary information, the identity questionair(Berzonski) and GAF self-responsibility questionair(SCI-R) have been used. For analyzing the results, two methods of descriptive (frequency,average,standard deviation) and deductive(T test, variation and regration analysis) statistics were used. The results show that: 1) There is a positive, meaningful coherent relationship between the informational identity method and self-responsibility. 2) There is a positive, meaningful coherent relationship between the normal identity method and self-responsibility. 3) There is a negative, meaningful coherent relationship between confusion/evading method and self-responsibility. 4) There is no meaningful coherent relationship between the identity (information,norm, confusion/evading) methods and sex.

The electronic government is a non-building government, a virtual organization that offers governmental services to the clients directly.This causes the clients contribution in political activities.The electronic government is a responsible form of government That presents the best services to the citizens and make them contribute in social activities.So their connection is established through computer.The electronic government means using technology through offering effective services and information to the citizens as well as commercial and productive companies in order to make the governmental affairs easy. Three important domains of electronic government are classified as follow: 1. The progress of the government excecutive process 2. The electronic government structure 3. Foreign transactions The electronic government application is composed of four parts: 1. Establishing connection between people and the government which is the Main and widest usage of the electronic government. 2. Establishing connection among the government, the commercial and the industrial sections through internet. 3. Establishing connection between government and its staff using the internal intra-internet. 4. Establishing connection among the governments.In fact, among the governmental organizations through internal networks of intranet or extranet. The united nations has recognized five stages in evaluating the countries progress for setting up the electronic governments. The electronic government and the steps to be taken for solving the problems: 1. Making a drastic reform in methods of getting data and information which include data saving,effectiveness enhancement and means of place determination as well as the information presentation. 2. Establishing effective,confidential and safe networks and softwares in order to offer important information as well as protect them. The project of using the electronic government in the world has been studied. Model and practical ways of setting up electronic government has also beeommended.

Evaluation of lesson plan as an important research field is presented in sub-division of the lesson plan department. Unlike,establishing a formal lesson plan department in 1920s, evaluation of the lesson plan is related to some decades after it.However,befor that time the evaluation was done in a basic form.It was from the second part of the 20th century that lesson plan evaluation was particularly the center of attention. Now,some decades after establishing this department,it has received some changes.On the other hand, the preliminary education with its particulars demands its special lesson plan evaluation.In this research,considering the concept and history of the lesson plan evaluation,the paradigmatic changes and the necessity of the constructive idea in lesson plan evaluation has been studied and discussed.