فصلنامه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1389)

Now a day, globalization with its increasing trend has created a major ambiguity on the enlightenment of historical departure point of the existing transformations so that determining a certain lineage for it, so far, has not been possible. This article aims to investigate the globalization based on Foku's genealogy and with emphasis on continual annexation and fragmentation in the non-linear Excursion of history, rather than interpreting of globalization based on a linear and gradual approach. So, to evaluate the relationships between globalization and modernity or post-modernity in this paper, some of theories have been assessed and indigenous statuses of Iran have explained in order to historical lineage of globalization.

Development of new irrigation technologies is one of the most important solutions for agricultural development and increasing production which is discussed as an important issue of country due to serious constraint on water resources. Thus the main objective of this research is to study the development constraints of pressurize irrigation systems in Rural regions which are induced as a case study in Azna village. The research method in this study is analytic-descriptive and interrelated which its data collection was through field methods. The family parents who did not use under pressure irrigation systems constitute the statistical social of current study and from them a sample of 212 individuals were collected using tier sampling and the required data was collected using valid questioner as the main data collection device. Also, the scout test was conducted in order to obtain validity coefficient in which the validity coefficient of Cronbach Alpha was more that 0.91. The results from statistical analysis in SPSS software show that sectioning and separation of agricultural lands, is the main obstacle in pressurize irrigation systems. Also findings show that three elements of constitutional, economics and sociality and nature account for 66/10 percent of variables variance which in this regard the quantity and quality development of training programs and improving awareness and knowledge of agricultures, training aware instructors about under pressure irrigation systems and inspiring regional agricultures using financial support and providing more facilitation for bank services are in order to increase participation in integrating lands, including suggestions that are based on research results.

One of the evidences of erosion process in the arid regions is wind erosion. Relative flatness, poverty of the vegetation, the dominant winds and alluvial weak formation are the most important intensive factors of the wind erosion. These conditions are in the central regions and the coastal plain in the south of Iran and the enormous sands massive where have been formed, scatter are the result of the condition in the region. Certainly, wind sands always are counted as an environmental hazard, because of their transportation and accumulation that have formed sandy massive. These phenomena are counted as a threat for humanity activities that have formed around them. Domination of dry condition during of warm spell and gust of severe winds with warm and dry nature in Khuzestan plain move wind sands in the region. However, accumulation and special morphology of these forms is seen erg massive in certain spot. However, it has not universality in all coastal plain. The main question of the research is the source of sands and the reasons of special settles and placing of the sandy massive in Khuzestan plain. The method of the research is on the basis of analysis of zonal wind characteristics by using of WRplot software and study of relation of direction gust of dominant wind and settles of sandy massive in the region. Topographic and geological maps, daily wind data and samples of sand in field works are principal data and tools of the research. Sand samples become analysis in gradient software and they have been fit with wine roses. result of the research indicate that the direction of the southern zagros folds have canalized and have lead Northwest Dominant winds besides alluvial fans, terraces and the beds of the important rivers are the main source of sands in surface of the plain. Also, drainage and the main rivers in surface of the plain affect morphology, distribution and relocation of the ergs massive.

In this study, kriging method applied to mean daily temperature dataset of 663 synoptic and climatic stations from 1961 to 2004 in Iran. So a gridded database of mean daily temperature with 15*15 Km spatial resolution prepared. This database contains 15992 days and 7187 pixels. Based on this grid data extreme temperature database has been calculated using Normalized Temperature Deviation Index. Then extreme temperature database sorted according to Mean Normalize Temperature Deviation Index and extremeness of cold events. The first 500 days that were coldest, most extended and Mean Normalize Temperature Deviation Index ≤-2 selected as samples. Then NTD matrix for these 500 days (500*7187) analyzed to find extreme cold temperature regions of Iran. Cluster analysis by Ward method has been carried out on 500 days of extreme cold temperature days of Iran. The results of cluster analysis showed that Iran may be divided into six different regions. Geographical configuration of these regions is mainly controlled by the neighboring to big water mass and mountain blocks. In the other hand, Geographical configuration of regions explanatory of extreme cold air mass influx toward Iran.

Estimation of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is recognized as practical researches in which is taking into consideration by hydrologists in relation to designing the great structures of hydraulic in particular dams. In this study, synoptic method is used in order to estimate probable maximum precipitation in the Ajichai catchment. The meteorological data related from 40 synoptic and climatology stations have been used during the period of 30 years. The date was obtained from Meteorological Organization and Tamab Company, then the missing values was estimated. Also the pressure date of 850-hpa and 500-hpa was collected from National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research belong to the Meteorological Organization of the United State of America. In this paper, the researchers used the 500-hpa temperature and pressure data as a representative for atmosphere middle-levels; moisture and streams flow of 850-hpa for analyzing the system’s humidity. Isohyets maps, in continued, produced by GIS for the selected storms and determined Depth-Area-Duration curves for each storms. In the end, the amounts of PMP estimated for 24-48-72 hours durations related to the selected storms. So that PMP was estimated for 24 hour in Ajichai catchment during period 50 and 100 years respectively, 68/1 and 75/1 mm, PMP for 48 hour respectively, 84/5 and 103/9, PMP for 72 hour, respectively, 103/9 and 128/7 mm.

In this research, geomorphologic landforms of Darab region were identified and their geomorphotourism capability was evaluated. Satellite images, geological and topographic maps and field data were used for identification of geomorphological landforms and then the geomorphotourism capability of mentioned landforms were determined based on Praloong method. The results of this study reveal that there are six geomorphologic landforms in the study area. The mentioned landforms were ranked based on scores in Pralong method. Based on Praloong method, Darabgerd salt dome landform, due to archaeological worth, natural history and the existence of beautiful natural landscape around it, got the highest score, and therefore was identified as the most important geomorphotourism landform of Darab region.

About 90 percent of natural calamities that occur in the world are related to climatic factors and among them storms after flood include 30 percent of these calamities. This phenomenon is one of the most perilous natural calamities that has a climatic origin and imposes irreparable financial and physical losses every year. Sistan which is one of the stormiest areas is located at the south east of Iran and the north of Sistan & Baluchestan Province. Anemometry date of synoptic from Sistan of zabol were used to analyze the storms of the velocity of 24 m/s and more statistically and also to predict the occurrence probability of violent storms by partial series analysis method during a 30 years period (1359-1388) and data accuracy and equality were identified by run test. Conclusion was obtained from statistical analysis showed that 162 stormy days of mentioned velocity have been observed in Sistan areas during the studied period. The years 1362 with 64 stormy days were with highest number of observations. Among storms, 3 cases have been observed of the velocity of 40 m/h (144 km/h) that suggest the violent of storms in sistan. Among seasons and months, summer and winter respectively have got the maximum and winter and month Day have got the minimum stormy days. Plotting the annual and seasonal storm-rose using WR plot software shoed direction of predominant storms of area was north of north-west (NNW), north (N) and north-west (NW). The prediction carry out by using partial series analysis method and different return periods suggest the occurrence probability of storms of the velocity of 42 m/s (151 km/h) and less in Sistan. Therefore these storms must be considered in environmental planning of the area and structure safety to minimize the losses if they occur.