پژوهشنامه اقتصاد انرژی ایران
پیاپی 21 (زمستان 1395)

The rapid development of gas distribution in Iran causes considerable dependence of consuming sectors on Natural Gas production .The share of South Pars Gas Field from the entire gas production in the end of sixth Five-Year Iranian Economic Plan will be over 62%. The pressure of reservoir gradually reduces and subsequently the volume of gas production declines in the production period due to the natural technical condition of South Pars reservoir. Installation of gas compressor platform is necessary in order to delay the reduction of the production. In spite of installation of these platforms,unofficial announcements indicate that production from South Pars field will decrease significantly in the twenty–year prospect and supply of new gas fields cannot compensate this reduction. Hence, in order to prevent gas shortage crisis in the coming years, it is required to predict some strategic actions and prioritize the supply of gas for new demand sectors. The "AHP" model has been applied to determine the priorities for this purpose. The relevant calculations have been carried out for solving the model by selecting a total of 8 options and 6 criteria by using the Expert Choice Software. The priorities of this study for each option are as follows respectively: Injection into Oil Reservoirs, Gas supply to Power Plants, Export, Feedstock for Petrochemical Units, Gas supply to Industries, Gas supply to Residential& Commercial , Transportation

The importance of oil price volatility spillover has significantly increased since the globalization and financial markets’ interaction have expanded. Based on this, the oil price impact on financial markets, as an exogenous variable, is also increased. In this paper, we study the “volatility spillover of Brent oil price return effects on return of Iran and USA financial markets during 2008-2016 using weekly data. Results show that volatility of Brent oil price return spillovers S&P500 and related industries to oil indexes in USA, so it does not spillover Tehran exchange price index return and related industries to oil indexes in Iran. Also financial market indexes return do not spillover together in short-time.

Nowadays, greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of fossil fuels has led to environmental problems such as global warming which result in using low carbon energy sources and renewable energy as a potential substitute for fossil fuels and nonrenewable energy. This study is going to investigate Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for 11 elected OPEC countries, from 1980 to 2013 by using nonlinear quadratic model. The consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy are considered together in this model which has been carried out by PMG (Pooled Mean Group). According to the outcomes of the research the Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is confirmed in these selected countries and studied period. The coefficient of nonrenewable energy consumption is statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level. Its estimated coefficient is 0.67 and states a 1% increase in nonrenewable energy consumption which leads to CO2 emission rise by 0.67%. It indicates that overusing of nonrenewable energy and fossil fuels increases environmental and air pollution. Also, the coefficient of renewable energy consumption is -0.005 that it is not statistically significant.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the whole economy of Iran. For this purpose, the states of high and low efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the economy was detected by using of markov regime switching model during the period 1963 to 2014. The results show that the duration of low efficiency regime in the industrial sector is more stable than the high efficiency regime. The average duration of the low efficiency regime is 2.84 times of high efficiency regime. The results also show that the general level of prices and per capita production has negative and positive effect on the efficiency of electricity consumption in the industrial sector and the whole economy respectively. So, It is expected to improve the efficiency of electricity consumption in the national level and the industrial sector when inflation declines and economic growth occurs.

The average of electricity consumption of Iranian households is higher than the global average. This could be due to price factors (such as low cost of electricity in Iran) and non-price factors (such as socio - demographic and psychological factors). In this study, the role of non-price factors such as socio - demographic and psychological factors in the electricity consumption of urban households evaluated in Tehran. In this regard, using theoretical principles of behavioral economics and theory of planned behavior (TPB( analysis will discuss this topic. The purpose of the mentioned factors is providing non-price policies for more efficient type of household electricity consumption in Iran. The data on household consumption behavior through questionnaires and based on field data collected from 200 households in Tehran. Then, using linear regression is estimated based on econometrics techniques in which the dependent variable is electricity consumption (a 45-day period in Winter 2017) and the independent variables included socio-demographic variables: age, gender, size of family, income and the theory of planned behavior variables include attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have been. The results showed that income and the number of household members is a significant and positive effect on electricity consumption, but the gender has no significant effect. Psychological variables perceived behavioral control has a significant effect on electricity consumption. Finally, with using behavioral biases that may cause attitudes and beliefs do not lead to action, the results of the study were analyzed.

Energy-intensive industries in Iran are responsible for a significant share of energy consumption, especially oil products. Therefore, there is a major focus on promoting energy efficiency in such industries. Energy efficiency improvement results in rebound and backfire effects. In this paper we estimate the effects of fuel oil efficiency improvement in energy intensive industries based on intertemporal general equilibrium model. Simulation for long run period is done for two scenarios, including 3.1% efficiency improvement in energy intensive industries and all sectors of economy. Results show that the rebound effects in chemical industry, food and beverage, basic metal, paper, Rubber and plastic, non- metallic minerals, and wood industries leads to rebound effects in the first scenario. In the long-run, backfire effects are seen in the second scenario in which efficiency improvements for all sectors is considered. In addition, efficiency improvement will result in production cost decrease. Chemical and non- metallic mineral industries experiencing the most decreases of production cost around 1.1% and 0.7%, respectively.