Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Feb 2016

A motivation for the intense scientific interest in high-risk behaviors is to do with firmly held belief that behaviors such as substance abuse and delinquency have ubiquitous, catastrophic outcomes..
The current study aimed to examine a model of risk factors for high-risk behaviors in prisoners. It was hypothesized that emotional intelligence and identity style have an indirect effect on high-risk behaviors via the mediating role of social adjustment and resiliency..
The sample consisted of 293 prisoners that were selected via simple random sampling and participated in this research by completing Schutte’s emotional intelligence scale, Berzonsky identity style inventory, social adjustment scale, Conner-Davidson’s resilience scale, and high risk behavior scale; all these instruments are reliable and have been validated. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 were used for data analysis..
The results suggested that the model had good fit (root mean square of approximation = 0.07, comparative fit index = 0.95, normed fit index = 0.91, goodness of fit index =0.93) with the data. Accordingly, the indirect effect of resiliency on high-risk behavior via social adjustment and resiliency, and the indirect effect of identity style on high-risk behavior via emotional intelligence and resiliency were approved..
Our findings suggest the importance of high-risk behaviors in terms of etiological pathways, maintenance process and treatment interventions..

Detection of fetal DNA in maternal blood has been examined by many research groups for a few years; thereby, scientists have a shorter way to take to approach prenatal diagnosis of abnormal pregnancies. The Y chromosome sequences have recently become the most common applicable indices for fetal sex determination..
We conducted an algorithmic X and Y mini-Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) genotyping method that could solve the problem of false negative (no detection of Y sequences) results of previous methods..
Patients and Blood samples were obtained from 106 pregnant women and their spouses. Conventional PCR amplified 19 mini-Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) and three non-STR markers, which were subsequently genotyped by the means of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)..
Sensitivity and specificity of the mini-STR genotyping method for fetal DNA detection were calculated (95.9% and 98%, respectively) with a confidence interval of 95%. In addition, sensitivity and informativeness were computed for each of the single mini-STR markers in our conventional PCR method. We also introduced the minimum number of mini-STRs needed to reach maximum validity for fetal gender determination in clinical settings..
Algorithm-based mini-STR genotyping method significantly increases the reliability (sensitivity and specificity) of gender determination using free fetal DNA and could be applied in prenatal clinical testing..

There are different assumptions about the factors responsible for the genesis and maintenance of eating disorders. Each of the two main types of eating disorders results from a complex interaction of emotional and psychological factors..
The purpose of the current research was to study the relationship between symptoms of eating disorders and worry about body image, attachment styles, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, among a sample of students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University..
The study sample consisted of students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 2011 - 2012. The research participants were selected with use of multistage random sample from various colleges. Our research tools were the eating attitudes questionnaire (EAT-26), the Worry about body image questionnaire, the attachment styles questionnaire, and a questionnaire on cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression methods, with inter and stepwise methods, were used during data analysis..
The results of this research indicated that worry about body image, an avoidant attachment style, negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and secure attachment style in regression equation remained significant (P Concerns about body image, an avoidant attachment style, and cognitive strategies to regulate negative emotions were the strongest predictors for eating disorder symptoms. Based on current research findings, an avoidance attachment style, concerns about body image, and negative emotion regulation cognitive strategies increase eating disorder symptoms in students. Because attachment styles correlate with eating disorders, we recommend promoting parenting practices with efficacy training, and that counselors and psychologists use psychotherapy packages based on positive attitudes towards body image and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, to gain better therapeutic and educational outcomes.

Clinical education is a process in which students attend a clinical environment, achievea variety of professional skills, and become prepared to solve patients’ problems. Identifying problems in this domain and resolving them can be of great help in the training of students..
This study was conducted to determine the problems concerning the clinical education of senior under graduate students in anesthesiology at Fasa and Jahrom University of Medical Sciences..
Patients and In this cross-sectional study, 55 senior anesthesiology students were selected from Fasa and Jahrom Universities of Medical Sciences. The data collecting tool was a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: 8 questions concerning demographic characteristics and 63 questions concerning problems of clinical education. The second part was divided into three domains: the clinical environment (21 questions), clinical educators and school policies (31 questions), and two students’ characteristics (11 questions). Data were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive statistics..
The score achieved from all three domains was 67.49%, which indicated the clinical condition as desirable. The scores in the domains of clinical environment, clinical educators, and school policies and student’s characteristics in the viewpoint of students were 57.07%, 71.77%, and 73%, respectively. They indicated average, good, and good conditions, also respectively. The most serious problems of all three domains were: 1) the disproportionate number of students within the physical environment of the operating room (87.3% agreement), 2) lack of balance between theoretical and practical knowledge (56.4% agreement), and 3) the simultaneous presence of medical students and their impact on clinical education (67.3% agreement)..
In general, the clinical training of anesthesia students is in a desirable condition. The large number of students and the lack of space and facilities appeared to be the main causes of concern. To improve the quality of clinical education, increasing the number of clinical education spaces or balancing the number of students is therefore desirable.

Plantago australis Lam. is a plant native to southern Brazil largely used to reduce inflammation and improve the healing process. Interestingly, though, there are no previous studies evaluating the cytotoxicity of its ethanolic extract..
The main objective is to assess in vitro the cytotoxicity of the crude ethanolic extract of P. australis at different concentrations..
The MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed on a 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line to measure the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the crude formulation..
In vitro analysis showed that the greater the concentration of the extract, the greater the cytotoxicity..
The crude extract of P. australis might be cytotoxic at high concentrations as evaluated against the cell line..

Gender identity disorder (GID) is considered as a very complicated clinical case and there are usually various variables in the inside-family-communication atmosphere..
The aim of this study was to determine attachment styles in people with GID and compare them with normal people in Fars province, Iran..
This case-control study with accessible sampling was conducted in Fars province, Iran, in 2014 using 60 visitors to the Fars province forensics head office who had been diagnosed as having GID by the commission of psychology (the case group) and 204 individuals in dispose, whom psychologists diagnosed as having no psychological disorder and in synchronization with the sample group (controls). The demographic questionnaire and Collins and Read attachment style questionnaires were used in both groups. Data were collected and then analyzed using the SPSS software version 18, Kormogrov Smirnov’s normality test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A significance level of P Findings showed that the highest frequency (71%) in terms of secure attachment and the lowest frequency (0%) in terms of avoidant attachment were observed in patients with GID who had been operated and the highest frequency of avoidant attachment (62.1%) and the lowest frequency of secure attachment (0%) were observed in patients with GID who had not been operated..
According to the findings of this study, GID patients who have been operated are more secure in attachment styles than those who have not been operated, and there is a significant correlation between age, education and gender with attachment style among these individuals..

Treatment of comminuted fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia is difficult, and a challenge in the field of orthopedic trauma..
The aim of this study was to assess the short-term results of hybrid external fixation in the treatment of these fractures..
Patients and In a prospective study, 44 patients with comminuted fractures of the distal femur or proximal tibia, with an overlying soft tissue injury treated by closed reduction and hybrid external fixation, were included. Parameters such as pin-track infection, union, limb shortening, knee motion, and alignment were evaluated during a mean follow-up period of 14 months..
Forty-four patients with distal femoral (n = 23) and proximal tibial (n = 21) fractures were treated using hybrid external fixation. Bone union was seen in 35 (80%) of the patients. Pin tract infection was seen in three patients (6.8%), one case (4.6%) with a PTF and two cases (8%) with DFFs. Malunion was observed in 4 patients (9.1%); of these, three cases (13%) had DFF and one case (4.8%) of pain was detected in the DFF group. One case had malunion and three cases had union. Findings showed satisfactory results in more than 80% of patients. In general, lower postoperative complications were detected in the proximal tibial fractures than the distal femoral fractures. According to a chi-square test, the difference between the patients with PTFs and those with DFFs was not clinically significant..
Closed reduction and hybrid external fixation can be used as a definitive treatment for severe comminuted fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia, when the concomitant contusion of the skin and soft tissue damage prohibits safe open reduction and internal fixation..

The mismatch between equipments and anthropometric dimensions of users is one of the issues that can be effective on development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)..
This study was conducted to determine the proper layout of whiteboard in classrooms of schools of health, and nutrition and food sciences at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS)..
Patients and In this cross-sectional study, 140 students in schools of health, and nutrition and food sciences at SUMS were investigated. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisted of demographic and anthropometric characteristics, the numerical rating scale and body map. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test..
Mean severity of discomfort in neck (2.38 ± 0.6) was higher than the other regions of body among the students. The results of this study revealed that the mean severity of discomfort in neck in female students (2.43 ± 1.01) was higher than in male ones (1.27 ± 1.04). Also, the results showed that the mean severity of discomfort in neck among students who were in the classrooms with window opposite of whiteboard was higher than the students in classrooms with beside window. Proper lower and upper heights of installation of whiteboard from the floor were calculated 105 and 195.2 cm, respectively..
The layout of whiteboard in classrooms can be effective in causing student’s neck pain. In this study, the suitable height of installation of whiteboard was determined and it is recommended to be used in classrooms..

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage plays an important role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infections, and this status accounts for both community-acquired and nosocomial infections..
This study was conducted to determine the frequency of the nasal carriage of S. aureus in healthy medical students..
Patients and This cross-sectional study was undertaken among medical students from August of 2012 until January of 2013. Nasal samples from both anterior nares were obtained from the subjects using sterile moistened swabs, and the isolates were identified as S. aureus by the standard microbiological tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines..
Out of the 200 nasal swabs obtained, the overall nasal carriage of S. aureus was 24.5% (49/200). The prevalences of the methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage were 20% (40/200) and 4.5% (9/200), respectively, while the antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that all 49 S. aureus isolates were sensitive to mupirocin..
Despite the higher frequency of S. aureus nasal carriage in the interns, compared to the first year students, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Therefore, attendance at medical centers cannot be considered a risk factor for increasing carriage..