نشریه فقه پزشکی
پیاپی 28-29 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

Injuries to the bones can sometimes appear in the form of broken bones, sometimes in the form of comminuted bones, and occasionally in the form of fractured bones. Bone dislocation is also another type of injury to the bones that is considerably controversial among Islamic jurists in terms of whether the injuries are curable or not. At this issue, some jurists have extended their judgment of skull bone dislocation to the other bones of the body while some other jurists, drawing upon the words of Zarif -Ibn- Naseh, have defined certain recompense for each bone dislocation which distinguishes it from other bones’ dislocation. Some others have declared the recompense for this injury in terms of a rule, and believe bone dislocation accounts for as much as half of the compensation for the same broken part. The legislator, therefore, according to the controversies, does not follow a single procedure. Due to the importance of the issue, the present article, using the library research method and taking an analytic and descriptive approach, investigates the perspectives of the Islamic Law, their evidence and documents, and the legislator’s perspective on this issue and at the end makes some suggestions in order to reform the status quo.

This article is going to survey fiqh rule about dumb persons’ prayer (Salat) that they cannot speak and must use "artificial larynx" or "pointed language". Based on the result of this paper, speaking (Qaraat) in prayer (Salat) for dumb persons is similar to normal persons. This results based on these reasons: first is that people assigning speaking with artificial larynx looks like people speaking normal. Second is that necessity of speaking reasons including who can speak with artificial larynx that doing with this person himself? Third is that people nominate speaking with artificial larynx, "normal speaking". Forth is that speaking with artificial larynx is more close to normal speaking than pointed language that it is substitute to normal speaking. So to these reasons, dumb persons are under necessity of speaking reasons in prayer (Salat) so they must say their prayer part like Qaraat, Takbiratol Ehram and etc with artificial larynx.

Advances in medical science have led to changes in the treatment of infertility and consequently the incidence of complex problems rose in the areas of jurisprudence, law, society and so on. Among these issues, the Frozen Embryo’s inheritance can be noted. Then it can raise the question that in the assumption about using by owners, frozen embryo can have the inheritance of his wand after father’s death. This analytical descriptive study has attempted to answer the question relying on the juridical rules, Jurisconsults’ Fatwa and various legal opinions. After accepting the legitimacy of fertilization with deceased frozen embryos, by comparision of infidel’s situation and frozen embryo, the usage of inheritance is modified, and laws and legal rules issued on the natural transport of embryo, is known corresponding to the same case due to the natural transport the past being decisive, and time of legislation. In addition, according to Article 875 of Civil Code, that considers transport at coagulation time of embryo, the acceptance of the Frozen Embryo’s inheritance with emphasis on the posterior condition and the interest of the child accepting the Frozen Embryo’s Inheritance is known defensible through compromising with other heirs, and transmission to the uterus before wand division and not depriving it of the right to inheritance.

Some studies have shown that awareness and positive attitude to religion and spiritual teachings of preventive and therapeutic interventions can be effective agent. Today, the question raised by the researchers is whether religious teachings in health service delivery and client's religious faith can be part of the process of care, counseling and treatment? The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of religious trainings and religious awareness associated with pregnancy on the religious awareness of pregnant women referring prenatal clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
This study is a quasi-experimental study with pretestposttest control group. The study population included 84 primiparous women at 20-28 weeks of gestation who had average or weak religious attitude were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group (42 patients in each group were selected from among 220 people). Data collection included questionnaires to assess knowledge and demographic was used the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 16) and were analyzed using Chi-square, paired t-test.
The frequency of the religious consciousness average of 100% before the intervention to 2.4% immediately and 11.9% in 2 months after the intervention has been reduced, while in the control group after hospital routine trainings were unchanged, two months after the intervention, to 92.9% was gained. Religious knowledge scores between the two groups before the intervention was no statistically significant difference (p=0.1), while between the two groups immediately after the intervention and 2 months after the intervention difference there was a significant (p=0.001).
The results showed that levels of religious knowledge up to 2 months after education than control stayed high. Therefore larger studies with more symple sise in order to using in educational planning in care during pregnancy and childbirth is suggested.

Pregnant women should examine their level of knowledge of legal regulations and jurisprudence about Abortion, because this knowledge is teachable and lack of sufficient teaching of regulations to pregnant women can imperil pregnant women’s health in future. This study aimed to examine pregnant women’s knowledge level of legal regulations and jurisprudence of Abortion in Zabol.
This study is a cross sectional investigation and 60 pregnant women have been studied using simple random sampling technique. To collect the data, the investigator-made questionnaire and to analyze data, SPSS22 software were used.
The results showed that from the overall population, 15 percent had high level of legal regulation knowledge and 65 percent had medium level of legal regulation knowledge also 11/67 percent had high level of jurisprudence knowledge and 78/33 percent had medium level of jurisprudence knowledge. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the education level and knowledge of legal regulations and jurisprudence. But there wasn’t a significant relationship between women’s knowledge of legal regulations and jurisprudence with variables of place of residence, income, employment status, age.
Regarding the study’s results, improving women’s knowledge level of legal regulations and jurisprudence of Abortion and providing necessary facilities and holding classes in order to acknowledge pregnant women of dangers of Abortion could be an important move to decrease abortion and mother’s death and gradually develop their quality of life.

The problem of organs transplants, in terms of extraordinary importance have in Individual and social issues, By atentioning of the legislators of countries and almost Most developed countries have a law for organs transplants And in Iran, the regulation on 1381/2/25 Adopted by the Council of Ministers; Since the applicants of organs donors are much less than human participants And many applicants do not reach to their dream and they realize the danjour of death And suffering in life and sometimes life becomes unbearable for them, So doctors to provide transplanted organ uses artificials and animal unlimited resources.Although transplant of animal to human (Xenotransplantation) is expanding, But need to be examine from asspect of jurisprudence, If this act is unlawful, it will not be permissible for the Muslims, Therefore in this study, try to examine the jurisprudence foundations such as the Quran, traditions, wisdom and rules like "emergency", "No Harm", "Elimination of difficulties", "bottlenecks" and etc, in certain conditions animal organs transplant, in dirty and dead problems are premited.
The method of investigating of this article is Descriptive-analytical. It seems transplantation of human organs to dirty animal or dead, according to fundamentals of jurisprudence, such as the Quran, traditions, wisdom, and jurisprudental principles practical rules were allowable and also fatwas of some of the clergies, testifies. As the use of halal meat animals in normal and unclean animal and dead in state of emergency for consuming of food have not any problem, for transplantation into the human body are permissible; In addition, animal transplantation organs and prayering with that parts is correct consequently.

As the human genes are one of the organ on of his body, all of theories about relation between man and his body in law is true in relation between man and his genes. The important issue in this case is the right of gene transfer to other people and gain money from it. If it is no detriment and harm in transfer and wise men confirm this action, this is canonicity in law. Also if it is not immoral, possibility of using genes in researches, can be assume legitimate benefit for validity of transaction of genes.

Postmenopausal is the woman whose menstrual periods stop permanently, and she is no longer able to bear children. There are no certain and specific Quranic verses or hadith or rule about the age of menopause in Quran so jurists have their own ijtihad according to the related verses and hadith with regard to the time and space requirements and by considering menopause of peers and close relatives. It leads to different opinions which are considered as legal implications and suspicious reasons not as final verdict. And it is arisen as average age of menopause. There is no reliable method in medical science either to determine the exact time of menopause. Its occurrence depends on women’s genetic and life style. Different questions have been arisen due to different opinions among jurists and lack of consensus among them on religious duties. Legal issues of doubt between menstruation and asthmas (blemishes), physiological changes during menopause or after that and its impact on women’s body and soul make it necessary to be studied. Therefore in order to clarify the subject, first menopause is defined in this research then different jurists’ viewpoints about the age of onset of menopause are discussed. Finally the viewpoint of "failure to specify certain age for menopause" is considered as the best opinion and comment.