فصلنامه چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
پیاپی 11 (پاییز 1391)

Administrative system can be defined as a set of values, goals, policies, human capital and tangible assets for directing Islamic Republic of Iran's government. Balance Scorecard is one of the most widely used performance appraisal and strategy implementation tools in many governmental and nonprofit organizations around the world. Considering that high-level administrative policies are a system by nature, the need for a unique plan according to which many organizations should operate, is indispensable. Thus, three subsystems of planning, plan implementation and plan appraisal can be designed for the aforementioned overall system. This work seeks to find universal factors embedded in the governance high-level policies and posit each of them as the target for different aspects of BSC framework and finally figure out the importance and weight for each aspect and target, using AHP.

Increasing the level of entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurship development depend on encouraging environment to increase the number of entrepreneurs, startup and growth of companies. In order to increase environmental opportunities, government can remove administrative, legal and financial barriers. In recent years, our country Face many problems, due to young demographic composition of the country, unemployment. Undoubtedly entrepreneurship development could improve this condition. This Study develop a conceptual model of entrepreneurship development policy making and then assess the suitability of this model. This study is descriptive exploratory. The main instrument of data gathering is a questionnaire. Results from this study fit the conceptual model. Finally, some suggestions to improve the entrepreneurship development are provided.

The Purpose of this article is to investigate the level of learning organization by the chosen model. In this regard, different aspects of a Learning Organization in four organizations affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, are studied. In the review of literature, INVEST model proposed by Pearn, Roderick and Mulrooney was taken into account. The questionnaires were distributed among four organizations, and totally 138 University Professors, Nurses, Senior Managers and Experts participated in this empirical study. The results show that there is an appropriate procedure and a gradual development process based on the size of the Learning Organization, in Mofid Hospital. This procedure can be facilitated by the managers and their support to implement learning culture. In general, it can be claimed that some assets inspired learners dimension in all organizations can be noticed, and consequently there is the necessary potential to move toward the concept of Learning Organization. The added value of this article can be the elaboration of the suitability of the prospect of implementing an empowerment model about the learning organization.

The objective of this study is to present a model ind order to promote organizationalinnovation through management of human capital and by creating knowledge.In this study in the beginning, theorical basics, concepts are revieved and then the measuring indicators of each axes and aspects of the study are extracted by using the previev studies and researches. The statistical sample of this research, consists of the directors, managers and experts of 13 companies of irantransfo corporation. The data is ghathered through questionarie and finnaly by using of the structural equations model,the operational model is analysed.the results show that in turn product innovation,then process innovation and at the end managerial innovationstheough human capital management and knowledge creation lesd to improvement of organizational innovations.But it must be notified that human capital, indirectly and by creating knowledge, could have more impact on product innovation and finally organizational innovation,and its direct influence over the product innovation is less than the direct influence over process innovation and management innovation,while the direct influences of human capital on the process innovation and management innovation are more considerable than its indirect influences and those by the creating knowledge.in other words,creating knowledge has a more effective mediator role among product innovation and human capital and the organizations need to invest more in creating and acquiring knowledge for this kind of innovation.

This study examines the relationship between Knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability. Given the importance of knowledge and learning in today's competitive environment, a knowledge-based organization is required to successfully and rapidly achieve its goals.. Knowledge is a valuable source for learning new skills and solves problems. Knowledge sharing can foster knowledge creation in organizations to improve competitive advantages thus a key element in continuous innovativeness. Studies have shown that the absorptive capacity has a significant impact on the firm's innovation capabilities. Also create the possibility to apply absorptive capacity in favor of firm’s competitive capabilities is a basis for competitive advantage. The research data were gathered from Guilan business incubators including 298 samples from members of these companies. The research method was survey type and the information was collected via questionnaire and a model of structural equations was used in order to measure the effects of variables. The results indicate that the absorptive capacity is a intervening factor in the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation capability. Furthermore the knowledge sharing has a positive and significant impact on the absorptive capacity.

Using internet and information technology by municipalities helps to accelerate and optimize their process of services. Tehran municipality as the largest municipality in the country was chosen for the case study of e-readiness assessment. 248 experts were questioned by a questionnaire containing 39 items. Four dimensions including ICT Infrastructure, ICT Hardware, People, and Software and Information System were considered for e-readiness assessment of Tehran Municipality. The result of one sample mean test shows that Tehran Municipality is e-ready in the following dimensions: ICT Infrastructure, ICT Hardware, and Software and Information system, yet it is not considered ready in People dimension. Ranking of readiness in Tehran Municipality in these four dimensions shows that the order of readiness from highest to lowest is observed as the following: ICT Infrastructure, ICT Hardware, Software and Information system, People.

Since the capability of management can be considered an important factor in improving the level of performance and excellence, the selection and appointmet of competent managers and administrators in the is very important. Now one of the major problems of Iran is the lack of management stability in public organizations and one of the factors that can harm the stability of management is similar-to-me)STM(effect. In this paper, we identified the causes of similar-to-me effect, then two outcomes of this effect are identified: group-thinking and unfunctional conflict in members of groups. Further, the relationship between similar-to-me effect and experience of management, has been investigated. For this purpose, a questionnaire designed to measure these variables. The sample consisted of 198 persons from higher, middle and base level managers, of vice Presidency strategic planning and supervision. Results show that, narcissism is a big antecedent of STM (0.443). Also a positive correlation between STM and Groupthink was observed (0.222).and correlation between STM with functional conflict and management experience was not observed.