فصلنامه راهبرد دفاعی
پیاپی 36 (بهار 1391)

With the aim of understanding the present and favorable situations of interactions between the defense system and higher education, the article has been done by using qualitative method of referring to the experts and by the means of semi-structured interviews and FGDs.The used sample consisted of 32 expert familiar with the subject which are selected by targeted and strategic sampling method.The main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of interactions between defense and higher education were identified based on the opinions of these experts. Based on the results, at least six major challenges including macro, structural-institutional, cultural, educational, approach- attitude, and process-managing policy-making exists in the interaction between these two mentioned areas, and nine strategies is recommended for solving them.Promoting the influence of defense department in macro-level planning, proposing defense as a national and pervasive issue, and strengthening the role of intermediary policy-making and executing institutions are among these solutions.

Due to increased interaction, speed of environmental changes and the complexity of relationships, the need for information, knowledge and awareness in organizational relationships and consequently scientific environment is felt. Defense and national security as country’s propellant, has been severely affected by scientific and technological development. Having a clear picture of the future, especially about the impacts of science and technology on defense and security environmental is complex. Meanwhile, defense and security organizations, according to their strategic nature, are highly dependent on various changes and trends in international, regional and national environment. These macro trends by interaction with each other and in the long term, lead to changes in country’s security and defense situation. This paper aims to determine the priorities of science and technology in the field of the country’s defense, national security and foreign policy which has been performed in several countries based on strategic studies, upstream policies, studying the trends of science and technology in the field of national security and along with comparative studies. And finally, the scientific and technological priorities affecting national defense and security environment is proposed.

Strategic studiesat the national security obviously show that "energy security" along with food and water security are the pillars of a country’s national security triangle. Thus, the experts of economy and international politics believe that in the 21st century, the capability to harness energy sources or transmission lines, guarantees entry of wealth to a country, and without a guaranteed flow of energy, countries’ national security will be threatened.

Due to the knowledge, technological and innovative nature of wars, the trend of increasing the importance and effect of knowledge management formilitary-defense organizations, especially regarding our country’s national and international circumstances, is very vital for creative and faster development of defense equipment, tactics and doctrines. In this context, in order to manage knowledge and experience, a process-operational model is required to form a complete and comprehensive attention to knowledge management. In this research, by examining the literature of knowledge management, knowledge management Models and comparing these Models as well as extracting success criteria from studied resources, an operational Model is presented to implement knowledge management in organizations. At the end, regarding the situation of military-defense organizations, parts of the Model that should be more emphasized in these organizations, have been identified.

Pattern of preemptive war, first showed its power in the quick victory at war against Iraq, but over time, it proved it is not able to maintain stability and security after the invasion to these countries. The main question of the authors is that what are the consequences of implementing this strategy in Iraq for the United States that forced this country to adopt a new strategy to thwart effects? And the next question is; what characteristics does the new strategy have? Also, the hypothesis of the article is that the negative results of extensive American presence in Iraq have caused the country to replace the strategy of "preemptive war" with "counterinsurgency operations". The main goal of the authors is to analyze the causes and way of implementing US strategy of preemptive war in Iraq and its results and then to introduce and examine the model of preemptive war and finally, come to a conclusion. The research method that is used in this article is a systematic analysis relied on a theoretical basis with both breadth and depth prospective approach.

While traditional wars were more symmetrical in nature, the actors, ways and tools of war have changed greatly today. New ways of war in the third millennium, which come about by non-state actors and in a very different way, is outside the analytical framework of neo-realistic conventional. Given the strategic position of Iran and because ofits first rank in world’s hydrocarbon reserves and also, being located at the heart of the energy ellipsoid, adopting appropriate strategies for Iran to become the region and world’s energy corridor - through bilateral and multilateral cooperation with regional and international oil and gas producers and consumers - can have a decisive role in promoting Iran’s regional and global role and increasing its power and national security. To implement this strategy, the author suggests two policies and administrative measures necessary to each policy.