فصلنامه راهبرد دفاعی
پیاپی 60 (زمستان 1396)

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective considerations and factors that have contributed to the enhancement of Iran's defense acquisition system. In this regard, the history and evolutionary process of the US Defense Acquisition
System are explained and the results of this evolutionary process in combination with the requirements of upstream documents as a hypothesis are considered and are presented as native considerations in the form of a questionnaire, using the semi-structured interview and survey, the opinions of the experts of the defenses section of the country. The answer options in the questionnaire are classified according to the Likert scale in five categories. During the pre-test process, Lavoshe method was used to calculate the content validity index, Waltz and Bassel method was used to assess the content validity index, Cronbach alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, and to test the hypotheses of the research t-test was used. The result of analysis shows that apart from the developmental pattern of defensive systems and some legal considerations that are adapted according to the native conditions of each country, the redefinition and establishment of the acquisition system in a new or current structure and the application of some of the localized policies and strategies of the US Defense Forces system are effective in meeting the security and defense needs of I.R. of Iran.

The high-ranking officials and managers of each organization try to provide the realization of the organization's goals and its growth by adopting appropriate measures. In this regard and in time, various methods have been devised and used, but with the increasing
complexity and environmental changes, as well as lack of the possibility of exact prediction of the future, a new field called "scenario writing" has been created whose main purpose is to create the possibility of managing uncertainty ahead of the organization. This article is aimed at identifying marine industry scenarios in order to provide a basis for its growth in the long run. For this reason, the "Global Business Network" research method has been employed. In order to implement this method, first of all, the most important propulsion forces that affect the future of the organization were investigated through studying the previous research and obtaining the views of the experts. Then, the most important uncertainties and key factors shaping the future of the organization were identified in a 15- year horizon. These factors are the most important variables affecting the organization's future. In the next step, while outlining the framework for the future of the organization, the scenarios preceding it were titled "Sea Chicken, Dolphin in the Cage, Fishworm, Aground whale". The most important finding of this research is the future scenarios of the organization, which according to the logic of scenario writing, the story (narrative) of each of them is presented in this
article. Each of these stories illustrates the probable situations of the future that have been explained and described by writers of scenarios as a praiseworthy future. Also, at the end of the research, indicators for the realization of each scenario have been mentioned.

Today, we observe an unprecedented and fast expansion of cyberspace and communication & Information space. Study of this trend is important because they have influenced (positive or negative) human societies increasingly and inadvertence to the changes are surprised us. This research has tried to study the cyberspace changes
and shaping a new space named cognition (or mind) spsce by exploratory method and theme analysis of west theories thinkers and U.S defense & civil documents. For this, a questionnaire was designed based on founds of literature review and given to 50 experts. Founds show a specific global space is shaping which in world people share their ideas and thoughts, and it seems cyberspace changing to a space with content of thoughts, is a mean for creating the glabal space. Although there is a doubt that all people will reach to a common insight, it seems there is an agreement on this reality that the space has become as an ideas and narrations battlefield and mind of people will
be the main scope & subject of today and future warfare. In other words, it seems today and future global competition will be for dominance the space; and each group be able to create the most content within, it will be predominant.

Spatial data is one of the most important and sensitive decisionmaking and planning factors in command and management of military systems. Fulfillment of the mission and goals of the military depends to timely, accurate, applicatory and integrated spatial data. During the past decade spatial data infrastructure (SDI) development has been known one of the most important components of optimal management of spatial data. However, there are a lot of risks with development of SDI in organization. This paper aims to address the identification and assessment of defensive Spatial Data Infrastructure (DSDI) development risks. In this regard, we have extracted the 38 risks in five dimensions of organizational, technical, spatial data, human resources and security
using by studying the literature and doing exploratory deep interview. Then Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated for all of 38 risks using by questionnaire and Failure Mode Effects Analysis methods. The results showed that security risks has the highest risk
(RPN=47.55) and spatial data, organizational, technical and human resources risks were ranked respectively after it. Also among the 8 superior ranked risks, the type of security, spatial data and organizational risks were contributed from the majority of the cases.
At the end research, fourteen strategies were presented to successful DSDI planning and development.

Industrial defense organizations need to take advantage of strong design offices in order to be leading in the field of knowledge-based manufacturing. The knowledge-based approach to the future on one hand and the development of new defense products, given the sensitive conditions of the region on the other hand, have made the strategic architecture of design offices employee's empowerment sensitive more than ever. For this purpose, in the present study, which is the product of an approved project in the defense industry, the employee's empowerment dimensions and indicators have been
extracted by interviews and grounded theory analysis. Then, in order to determine the validity of these dimensions and indicators, the professor's and expert's viewpoints have been used in the form of Expertise-Delphi. Finally, using the interviews and extracting the
expert's indicators and dimensions in the Expertise-Delphi, a strategic architecture for design office employee's empowerment was presented. It is hoped that this study will provide an appropriate framework for responding to the new human resource needs of the design offices and an effective step towards realizing the motto of a resilient economy.

In this research, the field of strategic management has been studied and by studying the literature of strategic management and introducing existing patterns inside and outside the country, and comparing and analyzing them through using the statistical methods, a suitable model for strategic planning of the major plans of construction site of Khatam Al-Anbia (PBUH) was introduced. The research instrument is a questionnaire that contains 95 components in the framework of 14 essential variables. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, after an opinion poll from experts, professors and senior managers, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content and structure validity method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.783 and using a random sampling method and distributing a questionnaire among 120 managers and experts of the organization and collecting their opinions, we analyzed the data using SPSS and Smart PLS software, the method of structural equation modeling, the relationship between factors was investigated. The results of the surveys showed that environmental review has an impact on the precise determination of the strategic objectives and the evaluation and selection of appropriate strategies.