نشریه نشاء علم
پیاپی 1 (دی 1389)

In order to help policy-making, planning, promotion and reform of science and technology models in the country, Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Technology in Iran (FAST-IRAN) was established in 2007 by a group of distinguished professors, in the form of an independent and non-governmental foundation. The various scientific and research programs defined for FAST-IRAN, including: assistance to scientific policy-making, scientific futures research, scientometrics, studies related to emerging sciences, new technologies, ranking of Asian universities, the establishing the Bioinformatics Section with the participation of specialized members. The defined plans and projects are expected to help create a new wave of scientific mobility in the country. Another important activity of FAST-IRAN is the preparation and publishing of journal which is named “Science Cultivation”. The first issue of this journal presented to the scientific community with satisfaction. The aim of journal is the publishing the science and technology policy, assisting the scientific decision-making centers, as well as orienting elites, researchers and those interested in scientific, research and technological innovations. This journal intends to provide the background and conditions for cultivation of science via the new scientific topics that have been less addressed. The selection of capable scientific and executive editorial staff indicates the goal of bright scientific horizons and high effectiveness in the process of culture-making, policy-making and planning of scientific and technological affairs. We invite the scientific communities and those interested in the development of the country to provide their idea and papers for publishing in Science Cultivation with their scientific and spiritual assistance.

Today, science is a social institution and the administration of the country needs to cultivate the science in governmental and non-governmental organizations. Science is implantable and needs to be cultivated in the minds of the people in order to develop a knowledge-based culture. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to establish foundations and associations for the cultivation of science to support knowledge in the country. The cultivation and institution of popular science in the countries are mainly emerged from the private sector which have been established and survived. The issue of science cultivation is so important that it has spread scientific thinking and rationalism in the society. It paves the way for scientific growth and development in the society. The establishment of institution for the cultivation of science is a fundamental movement for sustainable development and progress of the country based on knowledge. It is noteworthy that in the present era in the countries of the world, a large part of scientific development is done with the support and investment of people and non-governmental organizations, in Iran if this issue is cultured, a solution to provide the support of scientific development. Charitable organizations supporting science and foundations and associations for the promotion and advancement of science can solve part of the society's problems on the basis of knowledge by consulting with scientists and scientific pioneers. These institutions can support fundamental and applied research in the area such as: recognizing a disease and eradicate it from society (disease-based), research on a specific issue needed by society such as earthquake issue (subject-based), precursors and training talented human resources among the deprived spectrum of society (elite-centered). Perhaps aforementioned activities will cause people to be more willing, motivated and open-minded to provide financial support and fulfill their benevolent intentions. In order to implement the general policies of Article 44 of the Iran Constitution, the establishment of non-governmental institutions in the promotion of science with the financial support of non-governmental sectors is emphasized. Due to the importance of cultivation of science in the country, this journal has been named "Science Cultivation " in order to penetration fast in the society under the banner of this name and also to promote this idea everywhere in Iran.

Using number of Iranian indexes in institute for scientific information (ISI), the contribution of Iran in the science production has been changed from 0. 82 percent in 2008 to 1. 01 percent in 2009, therefore; Iran›s contribution in science production increased to 0. 19 percent. The total number of indexes in 2009 in compare of the global rate has been improved to%1. 5; however, Iran has been improved %25. In this year, the number of Iranian scientific documents indexes is %1. 14) 16483 of the world value) in science, %0. 42) 934 of the world value) in social sciences, %0. 05) 66 of the world value) in art and humanity sciences and %1. 01) 16975 of the world value). The number of Iranian indexes in 2009 has been improved %25 in compare with the previous year, which is the half value of improvement in %50) 2008) in relation to 2007. «Chemistry, Multidisciplinary» has the first position of productive in science as before years and «Materials Science, Multidisciplinary» and «Engineering, Electrical & Electronic» were improved to the second and third positions. In 2009, University of Tehran, Tehran University of Medical Science and Sharif University of Technology are the first, second and third productive in science by 1442, 1801 and 1059 documents indexed in ISI, respectively.

Principal challenges on the way of higher education development in twentieth century caused inclination toward privatization of higher education in developing countries. In past two decades, information based economy, population mixed changes, increasing of public’ prosperity for education, development of new technologies, convergence of modern organizations and diminishing public trust in performance and effectiveness of governments are the main reasons for privatization of higher education. The article of I.R. of Iran’s constitution predicted extensive privatization and development of privatizing higher education tented in Third Development Plan, but due to some obstacles and limitations privatization of higher education did not occurred meaningfully. This article begins with a review of privatization in higher literature. Afterwards, strategies and policies considered in privatization are discussed. In conclusion, by reviewing current status and barriers in higher education privatization in Iran, the authors pose some recommendations.

Rapid advances in knowledge and increasing volume of published articles on the one hand and fast and easy retrieval of information via internet access on the other hand have caused the formation of a phenomenon called as plagiarism. Prevalence of this complex seems that is not a new happening among academic society and brings about problems and arguments at different levels. Many of the authorities believe that lack of information about this academic misconduct is the most important factor in occurrence of this issue. The problem is that how is possible not to plagiarize the ideas and writing of the others and also make use of them. It is possible to avoid plagiarism through application of some simple principles and respecting to rights of the others. The main goal of this article is to provide more information and guidance about plagiarism.

A direct relationship between university and industry with regard to application of research results is an important issue in Iran›s research and development policies. One of the routes of global research development is to introduce, establish and grow the private research centers. These establishments can organize the research in universities in way of being at the service of industries. Such attempts can also improve the growth of national services and reduces the elites› migration. This paper introduces top agencies in research and development in different countries to offer best practice models to scientific authorities of IR. Iran.

After the industrial revolution, the science and technology developed rapidly in entire world and the issue of ethics in science and technology was existed in parallel. Moral concerns was profundity by events such as the first atomic bomb explosion, genetic progress and achieve the human genetic map and caused ethical movement in the world. A branch of ethics was organized as professional ethics and several committees formed to support ethics. Concurrently, issues of ethics in science and technology enter to academic environment and many universities in the world attention to teaching ethics and they were presented ethical courses at various levels at the Universities. Although the move toward ethics in science and technology was started but there is a long way to be ideal. At the present many problems are growing, such as simulations, genetic manipulation in humans, animals and plants, not the insure tests for drugs safety, environmental degradation, weapons of mass destruction and other happens. It is essential to create a legislative and supervisory institution in the world to hint and control the unethical research and technology.

Independent research works reveal the existence of rhythmic oscillations in various natural phenomena which are convertible to musical compositions in different ways. In this work a brief survey on extracted music from biological sequences such as DNA and its mysterious products «proteins» has been presented. In this regard two dominant aspects are investigated, the inspired music from DNA and the inspired music from protein sequences. In the first aspect, different methods based on infrared frequencies of DNA nucleotide bases and in the second point of view, the methods which use protein sequences for composing music are described. Among the related methods, using Morse code theory for protein sonification is explained with more details. These methods help us to understand how it is possible to convey information from molecular biological sequences to human kind ears. Final section discuses about possible physiological manifestations through natural phenomena and molecular biological sequences and explains our perception from closely related links between nature and music.

This paper is a report of Science-Metrix of Canada in 2010, which has been translated to the Persian language without any interference and possession. Although the content of this paper is very interesting; however, in some cases, for examples the number of martyrs in imposed war and also the relationship between any researches with the nuclear research in Iran are not compatible with the opinions of interpreters. The original English text of this paper has been taken from the internet site of www. science-metrix.com/30years-paper.

The journal «Science» (December 18, volume 326, issue 5960, page 1608 – 1598) reported the great scientific achievements of the previous year in a top ten list, that encompasses a wide range of scientific discoveries from paleontology to aerospace world. Science as one of the most distinguished scientific journals of the world publishes “The Top Ten List” at the beginning of each year. This year the list provides a deep insight into DNA, nanoparticles, aerospace and paleontology. This paper introduces these top 10 great scientific achievements in 2009.

This report describes how a rural in an abandoned village supported by ICT, an individual may take his blood test in less than 10 minutes, saves his medical data on his health card under the protection of a safe and secure system, then according to his test results, takes practical advises from his specialist doctor. Health card and intelligent laboratory technology provides an ample approximately for the government to improve national health supports and cover up national health projects through reducing time-financial expenses and evaluating dynamic health dossiers. This intelligent laboratory helps taking on-time and suitable strategies for prevention and helps to identify medical needs of every area and allows the decision makes to lamp up with timely and suitable strategies to prevent so many disease as well as identity needed medical card for every distinct.

Nowadays scientific and cultural references are needed not only among the students and researchers but also for all rank of societies. To increase the knowledge of people, it is necessary to access freely to required references in every time and places. This general requirement caused the establishment of world digital library (WDL) with multilingual translation in a cyberspace; WDL is going to create an internet-based, easily-accessible collection of the world’s cultural, historical and geological riches which include promoting knowledge of societies and cultural diversity on the web. In this article we introduce this library and some of its treasures.