فصلنامه برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
پیاپی 10 (تابستان 1392)

Since forming modern state in Iran، there has been an attempt to create and impose a homogeneous space on the national space and local elites also have tried to make a unique local identity but there is not any regard to the localism relationship. This paper proposes a new approach to the political manage the space in Iran. There is anti-sense approach to issues of geopolitics violent nationalism and localism divergent geographical on space/political territory of Iran. In fact، this approach provides a new and different understanding of space and politics. Any change in this area causes a change in the interpretation type and new forms of understanding and dialogue in various forms in space. This approach is based on responsibility for different cultural contexts. In this approach، the «other» is understood in the context of their own culture. Local/national ecological argument is based on the assumption that national and local spaces are not separated from each other، and space is an area for dialogue and understanding not confrontation. In ecological space، spatial ethical is based on multimodal communication، networking spaces، people and different regions of Iran. In the space، traditions and narratives of the divisions are not taken the form of competing divisions; spatial differences are not received absolutely; similarities and differences concepts are considered as comparative category; dichotomy and binary oppositions violence and people-centered in the policy and local/national space are avoided. Such social contexts are different from public administration and safety spaces. Local/national ecological in general terms is based on an ongoing relationship between different minds on both national and local levels. Continuous dialogue between national strategies، local and regional demands، national integration، understanding of local and regional narratives and stories are the findings of this approach.

In recent decades، the development of tourism industry in the micro and macro levels causes changes in the economic، social and political attitudes of communities. By considering that tourism affects different aspects such as environment، culture، art، lifestyle، relationships، beliefs، politics، economics and the type of development of a community therefore، it should be studied more carefully. Thus، accepting it as one of the major economic activity in the developed and developing countries has prompted planners to evaluate the effects of tourism on aspects of social، economic، and political environment. In this study، the range of effects caused by tourism with systematic framework will use to identify the main effects of tourism on the host community. In this regard، this descriptive-analytical research tries to evaluate and categorize negative and positive effect of truism on aspects of socio-cultural، economic، environmental، and political by using questionnaire and TOPSIS technique. The results indicate that in the circumstances of tourism the largest positive effects are related to the economic and social dimensions. Priorities of social and economic impacts of tourism are employment، regional development، and changing cultural patterns. The most main negative impacts of environmental on tourism-related، including lack of access to tourist and accommodation facilities، pollution and waste، were the highest priorities more important. Environmental factors، such as lack of access to tourist، lack of accommodation facilities، pollution and waste، have the most main negative impacts on tourism industry. Therefore، the environmental factors should be considered as important factor in tourism attraction. Reduction of political conflicts with earning the highest proximity to positive ideal solution and the next activation of diplomacy were the most important positive impact of tourism industry indicators.

Sport ski is one of the winter sports in many countries and many travelers and tourists from different regions want to play ski. Therefore، site selection suitable places for construction ski piste are necessary in order to attract tourists. Heights of Tehran province are one of suitable regions for construction ski piste in our country because of its appropriate climatic and physical conditions، and also existing main cities and vicinity attractions around it. In spite of these pistes are constructed for different goals especially for tourism attraction، but may be standard indicators from tourist aspect not respected in these places. Therefore، suitable site selection for construction ski piste is necessary. In this paper، 13 standard indicators have been used for ski piste construction. In the first stage، final weigh for every indicator was determined by using analytical network process (ANP) and then dataset layers for each indicator was made and classified in the ARC GIS program and by overlapping these layers، final map was designed and six suitable pistes were selected by final map. The results show that three noted places such as parts of Roodbar Qasran village in Shemiranat district، centric part of Abali village in Damavand district and centric and western part of Firoozkooh district are the most suitable places for construction ski piste. The results show that all of existed pistes in the region، especially Abali piste، are approximately adjust and consistent with findings of this paper.

Subsidize is one of the economic policies aim to support the producers or consumers، which apply by most countries in various ways. This research has considered the effects of the targeting subsidies program on costs and income of rural farmers in Neiriz town from Fars province in short- time duration. Research method is descriptive and the necessary data were collected by using a questionnaire and survey method. To this end، one questionnaire with 25 questions، based on a five-point Likert scale is developed for data elicitation from participants. The questionnaire validity has been verified by a number of subject specialists and academicians، and its reliability has been measured by using Cronbach''s alpha at 0. 88. The number of samples were 264 farmer from 1468 land owners in six villages which determined by Cochran table. Data analysis by using T-test and Friedman was done to determine the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The results show that the implementation of the Targeting Subsidies program –at least in short time- causes significantly some increasing in costs and decreasing revenues. The comparison of the production costs with T- test shows the costs of the Corn and Barley has increased other than the Wight after the implementation of Targeting Subsidies with %99 probability. Moreover، comparing the revenue in both periods showed that incomes of four products except canola crop were significantly decreased compared after implementation of Targeting Subsidies. Although costs of fuel machinery and inputs after implementation of Targeting Subsidies are increased but according to the Friedman-test the index of using inputs and mechanization was optimum in numerical with the ranking overage of 3. 08 that this situation explains the logical usage of these inputs.

Rural immobility in villages has an immediate links with rural-urban migration that have many reasons. One reason for this phenomenon is subjected to economic problems in rural areas such as unemployment، instability and lack of income، rural poverty، etc. Rustic region has especial economic structure that means agriculture and farming activities have strong part of self-employment and income offers. For reducing the mentioned problems and improving rural living standards، various strategies has been raised and considered. Non-farm economy is one of the most important strategies to achieve substantially. In this regard، this study examines the relationship between addressing non-farming activities and rural immobility، and discusses issues such as population growth، income، employment، quality of life. To this end، one questionnaire is developed for data elicitation from 423 rural households in Semiromcountry. The results indicate that there is superiority in non-farm rural households than any others. In other words، the households with higher incomes feel more favorable quality of life، life satisfaction and willingness more than the other people.

Ardabil as province capital، after separation of East Azerbaijan province has an accelerated growth in recent decades. Growth the population of city about 7. 5 times than first census period and about 3. 5 equal after the separation of Ardabil province from East Azerbaijan province، Along with the physical development of 3. 4 equal than before periods are considered as evidence issues. This trend persists in the recent decades mainly due to the growing population of the city، especially south of the city، has caused the problem of locating optimal physical location for the growing of the city deem as serious need. According to these issues، this study is based on «descriptive-analysis» approach. Therefore، the main aim of this research is related to suggest optimal and desirable aspects for physical development of city. Thus، this study tries to design and drawing indexed map، which corresponding to find optimal locations based on physical conditions of the Ardabil region and available data. In this regard، the set of 14 variables in terms of human and natural factors affecting the physical development of the Ardabil city has been used to improve location tracking. For analyzing the obtained data from parameters of this research to estimate aim of this research، were needed selected indicators، which were verified by a number of subject specialists and by using AHP model in terms of Edrisi software. For spatial display، obtained results have been placed in Arc GIS software. According to obtained results from the experts’ viewpoint and the region situation، natural index factors with the acquisition. 527 Weights in AHP model were importance as extra weight in defining best location for the physical development of the Ardabil city. It should be mentioned that the most weight was gained by the fault lines in the region and the topography. On the other hand، the incorporation of weights and their combination to represent spatial display help the researcher to know that eastern direction than the other directions is the best possible order for the physical development of Ardabil city. The findings of this study show that suitable topography، away from the main fault line، and proper slope selection are the main factors for the physical development of the Ardabil city from eastern direction.

Reading space، such as text، is interactive process that dependent on the identification of recreational spaces and its applications in understanding and measuring the depth of the surrounding space. While selecting a place has profound impact on the success and survival of the site plan، so that all terms must be exactly considered and assessed in relation to each other. In locating surveys، physical terms as interconnected agents have direct impacts on these spaces. In this research، in order to investigate the location of recreational flying site in the province of Esfahan، the roles of physical elements were evaluated. By using GIS software tools، different parameters such as land use، aviation restriction، environmental protected areas، and residential areas as a separate layer for case study are considered within Esfahan province. Then based on the overlaid layers، the final map by considering necessary suitable physical conditions for construction recreational flying site about 1900 square kilometers is designed. The final output of the map، for detection appropriate location and condition for construction of recreational flight planning site، is only surrounded about 2 percent of the province''s surface area.