فصلنامه برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
پیاپی 17 (بهار 1394)

In recent decades, social and economic changes have been caused regional imbalance and over centralization of facilities in some places (convexity development) and deprivation in other places (backwardness abyss). To balance dispersion of developmental indices, an exhaustive planning for region development is needed to present an appropriate pattern for balanced distribution of services, population and residences (spatial balance). The present study is established to evaluate developmental degree or the way through which the cities of the whole country may affect 30 combinational indices including; demographic, skeletal, infrastructural, social-economic and health-medicinal. Statistical population of the research includes 336 cities of country and is based on the statistics of 2006. Thirty studied indexes were analyzed and investigated by using the typical development level measuring methods including; factorial analysis, TOPSIS and Morris. The results have been merged by the use of sequence average method. To achieve the purpose, the indexes study were modified into 8 factors by using factorial analysis method and presented in combinational form in significant factors. Only the first and the second factors loading ten percent higher than the other factors that were used. Four levels of cities were determined by using Morris and TOPSIS indices. Finally, by prioritizing the sequences, the four phases of enjoying (Highly-developed، developed، moderately-developed، under-developed) were developed. The results of final ranking showed that 112 moderately-developed and 90 under-developed cities are existed in country.

Cardinal welfare index is one of the indices for measuring horizontal regional equity. This index is calculated based on the income data of regions’ per capita and regional imbalance coefficient and the economical welfare level of regions. In this paper, Amartya Sen welfare index and tension function of social welfare have been used from 2011for measuring the intensity of spatial imbalance of social welfare in provinces of Iran. The research findings indicate that the highest level of welfare per capita in provinces of Iran is related to Tehran, Bushehr and Markazi provinces, and the lowest level is related to Sistan and Baluchestan province. Also, the findings show that the rank of tax per capita and average of tax rate of most no-welfare provinces is higher than the rank of income per capita that this subject is placed against the tax fairness principles in taxation. Therefore, comprehensive development approach; based on capabilities, relative advantages, capabilities and regional limitations; is needed in order to make a balanced and equal development of different areas. On the other hand, the government can improve the unequal status inside the provinces and among different provinces by adopting appropriate redistribution policies. In this way, the policy of modifying tax system of Iran can be recommended.

Multi-criteria decision making techniques with a variety of qualitative and quantitative characteristics are useful tools for the analysis of regional development planning decisions.In this regard, this descriptive - analytical study by using multi-criteria decision; such as TOPSIS, VIKOR and AHP; is trying to assess the distribution and development of indicators of socioeconomic, cultural, health care in Lorestan province.Results indicate the location of operation of different methods of city development. The results of the comparative analysis shows that VIKOR method is more valid for ranking regions in compare with other used methods because the volatility results of this method is less.

Although industrial development has huge and undeniable impact on all aspects of the human life, but sometimes without use of purposeful and sustainable development-based approaches has led it to lack of continuity of sustainable development and environmental crises. The aim of this investigation is studying capabilities of Network Analytical Process method, as one of the newest approaches of multi-criteria decision making, in site selection of wood industry units in Khuzestan province relied on functional analysis of Geographic Information System. Uncertainty in site selection of our country wood industries has led to the emergence of undesirable problems such as; increasing of transportation cost and stop of production line. The nature of ANP approach has an acceptable potential in dealing with multiple criteria in choosing the best place site selection issues. In this study, based on expert opinions, various factors involved in locating wood industries were identified and entered into GIS environment after necessary reformations. Then, information layers, based on ANP method, were incorporated together to determine the appropriate weights and ranks for designing a map for spatial establishment of wood industries and products in Khuzestan province. Based on the resulting map, the best places for construction and development of wood industries consist of have taken about 8 percent of the province's area. This study has shown the capabilities and the results sensitivity analysis of the GIS and the multi-criteria decision-making of ANP approach for network dealing with spatial localization industries.

Development of rural areas is a central pillar of government policy. Thus, government has used various means and several implemented actions to achieve rural development. One of the most important used means is investment for rural areas development. Investment implications of development can be seen in a social system such as empowerment and capacity-building. This documentary study is done to investigate the effect of government investment in capacity building in rural areas. The statistical population is 14431 people living in 11 villages of Aran and Bidgol region as research areas. The sample size of 312 was determined by using Cochran. In this Survey, questionnaire for data collection; SPSS software for data processing; and Kendall b as descriptive and inferential statistical method in accordance to variable level of measuring, were used. The results show the relationship between investment and building capacity: the capacity of rural infrastructure (sig=0.058), change and improve the management of the rural (sig=0.054), acceptance of the construction activities (sig=0.049) and (sig=0.041), and the control and the intervention of state organizations (sig=0.048) in the rural area. Thus, the efficiency of government investment in the development of building capacity is poor because rural development still has in hold of peasant communities.

Rural Guide Plan is part of the region physical plan leading to rural revitalization in terms of social, economic and physical runs. The plan is done with the aim of optimal distribution services as well as providing context to improve the socio-economic development in the rural areas. The aim of this descriptive-analytical study refers to assess the implementation effect of the Guide Plan in conducting socio-economic development and the quality life of rural settlements of Zanjan province. The statistical population of this documentary study is 381persons from villages where the plan was implemented and completed by sing Cochran formula and the error value 0.05 and confidence level of 95%. For analyzing the data t-test and path analysis were used. The research results show that the implemented plan with an average of 3.8 caused improvement in social indicators, but with an average of 2.18 has been little impact in economic indicators. In this context, Health and education variables respectively, with the T statistics 23.427 and 11.286 have maximum impact, and income variables with the T statistics 15.164 and -15.527 have minimal impact from the implementation of Guide Plan. To improve the performance of Rural Guide Plan, review of legislation, having adequate knowledge of villages, strengthening partnerships and special attention to the poor rural seems necessary.

Rapid physical growth of rural settlements on the periphery of the body and the valleys of the rivers have been causing widespread damage and several problems. Needed remedy is tangible to reduce the negative impacts of flood events based on scientific studies. The purpose of this study refers to manage flood crisis in rural areas and identify safe and in danger zones of rural settlements. Villages of Sarvabad county are selected as a case study. The six factors such as slope, aspect, vegetation, lithology, rainfall and distance from watercourse have been considered in this study. This study is based on analytical and the functional approach by using GIS (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to draw maps of secure and safe areas by evaluating considered factors. The results of this study, leaded to identify areas at risk of flooding in the rural areas, showed that 50% of the Sarvabad county area covered 39 villages of 77 villages and 48% of rural settlements located within the flood risk.

The present study was conducted to investigate the hampering factors affecting development of rural women entrepreneurship in Shalil villages of Ardal Township. This descriptive analytical research was used documentation and field studies to collect data. Field data from the census of rural women, which they had been involved in entrepreneurial classes (195 people), is collected via a questionnaire. the validity Of questionnaire as research instrument was confirmed by Isfahan University staff and the reliability of the hampering factors was obtained by performing a pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha (α= 0.895). Statistical analysis was performed by using the SPSS software. TOPSIS and AHP techniques were used to achieve the main research objective and giving weight to the variables. Results showed some hampering factors that limited the entrepreneurship development of rural women such as lack of funding and inadequate savings; lack of collateral and guarantees for the use of public funds; and inability of rural women to compete with men in the field of trade and economy with the priority factor of 0.624, 0.613 and 0.59, respectively.

Globalization is one of the phenomena that human society currently has been faced. The size and the scope of this phenomenon is so broad that it encompasses all aspects of life.Globalization is affected important tools such as information communication technologies, services and applications related to the physical structure of many cities in the world. This quantitative–analytical study was used library studies for gathering data. Since, the objective of this study is to examine the impact of globalization on the physical structure of Isfahan as Islamic city. This study has been used share changing model and analyzing available statistics to consider changes made in the physical structure of Isfahan city in three major aspects such as residential occupancy, commercial land use, and transport network land use on the basis of the globalization process. The results of this study showed that the process of globalization has changed the physical structure of Isfahan city. for example, residential occupancy move towards high tall building (3 and 4 floors); commercial land use has been leading to the large chain stores such as Refah stores and Hyper Star stores caused to save money and time; and transport network land use has been leading to a network of two-floor highways and expressways. Hence, it can be said that globalization has caused a lot of changes in the physical spaces of Esfahan and these changes will be continued.

Physical development of city is a process in which physical limits of city and its physical spaces increase over time in terms of quantitative and qualitative through horizontal and vertical dimensions. Through process of urban development, territory outskirts of the Gilan province is affected and leaded to land use change in line with the needs of the urban population to new housing. The purpose of this cross - sectional study is analysis of influence factors on physical development of Rahim Abad city, situated in the eastern region of Gilan Province that caused to changes in agricultural land use during 1991-2011. The required information is obtained via documentary and field studies. The results of this study indicated that Rahim Abad city has experienced two types of physical development during the year under review. The first process is fairly balanced and proportionate to natural increase of population during 1991-2001 with little impact on agricultural land use change,and the second process had sharp and accelerated effect during the years 2001-2011 that approximately 53 acres of agricultural land changed to urban construction. Also, results showed that the influence of environmental, economic, social and political issues in the physical development of Rahim Abad. For instance, communication networks were improved while increasing population from social aspect. On the other hand, building Polrood dam as development planning had much influence on this city than environmental and economic factors from political aspect.

In recent years, tourism as a new industry has had a significant impact on the economic, social and cultural situation of the world. In this line; many countries have prompted to devote major investment in this section to make income at the local level. Therefore, it is essential to employ appropriate classification methods to determine the best tourism sample regions to develop and allocate resources based on a number of criteria and indicators. The aim of this descriptive-analytic study refers to classify tourism sample regions in Kerman province based on tourism parameters and indexes. This study is a library research and the data were collected from tourism organization, municipality, and the governor of Kerman province. Factor analysis model was applied for data analysis by using SPSS software. The research result indicated that accommodation-cultural infrastructure factor with amount of 17.47 was the most effective factor and fuel supply with amount of 1.41 was the least effective factor among the considered factors for head-level of the sample regions. Also, the results showed that Qaleh Dokhtar with a factor loading 7.46, Joopar with factor loading of 6.92, and Tuba with factor loading of 6.09 in terms of tourism infrastructure are located respectively at the level one to three among the sample regions. Thus, these places are appropriate for investment and civil operations that followed by other regions.

Geo-tourism is the combination word of ground and tourism. It is a part of tourism industrial that has geological, morphological and cultural attraction. Correct and optimal use of the various attractions in different areas is required an enough knowlege of various aspects of this tourism industrial. The purpose of this study refers to assess the regional geo-tourism potential and compare regions with each other. Scope of this research area is Geo-tourism regions including, Haft- cheshmeh of Naghadeh, and Band and Ghasemloo valleys of Urmia. This descriptive- analytical research was used random sampling method to select statistical community that they were 39 tourists who visited studied areas. Hadzich dynamic and dissimilarity coefficient models were used to compare the data collected from the studied regions. According to the results, Geo-tourism potential of Band, Ghasemloo, and Haft cheshmeh are 33.07, 37.53 and 31.81, respectively that shows Geo-tourism potential of regions are moderate. Although there are regional differences in some sub-criteria, but regional similarities are too much in general. The greatest similarity between Band and Ghasemloo regions is within 0.02 Coefficient and 1 in indexes of capability vision and perspective value. The greatest similarity between Band and Haft-cheshmeh regions is within 10.7 Coefficient in sub-criteria of interpretive value.