فصلنامه برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
پیاپی 7 (پاییز 1391)

In some regions, political and economic power concentration results in the concentration of facilities and the creation of special cultural spaces. However, many other regions are deprived of cultural facilities, which hinders the fulfillment of their potential. Balanced distribution not only means providing facilities and cultural spaces but also, in a broader sense, refers to reaching the cultural potential of deprived areas. Some deprived areas have cultural potential that has not been realized yet, which is considered a form of imbalanced distribution. The purpose of this study is to rank seven cities of Zanjan Province based on the cultural development indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. To collect and analyze the data, the document library method and the TOPSIS model, respectively, were used. The criteria used to rank the cities were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the cities of Zanjan Province in the use of cultural spaces and facilities. Based on the TOPSIS analysis, the cities of Mahneshan and Zanjan have the highest rank in terms of cultural indicators and the cities of Khodabande and Ijrood are by far the most deprived cities in Zanjan Province.

One of the main element for rural development is ICT and its an instrument for rural achievements to general services (telecommunication، post، health، information and…). The main purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of rural ICT centers in Kermanshah Township، that finally find efficiency rural ICT in Kermanshah dstrict. Statistical population included all rural household that have an ICT center in their villages (N= 6218)، according to the Bartlet etal table، selected 367 households as a statistics sample. Beside selected 11 ICT experts with snow ball technique sampling (From central post organizations، telecommunication centers and post bank centers) in Kermanshah county. In the results، after identifying and developing indicators of effectiveness (using with Delphi technique) found the perspective of villagers from Kermanshah county a bout of effectiveness of rural ICT centers. effectiveness indicators developed with the help of villagers from the perspective of the county of Kermanshah in sectors related to post services، and post bank services were moderate، about e- marketing and off the hands of intermediaries، provide employment، news and information were in the weak، the telecommunications services sector (Telephones Line) was moderate and in other indicators، evaluation of effectiveness was moderate.

Leisure arena among region represent daily life، power and resistance I human life. Leisure and its properties are among novel issues have motivated researchers attention since industrial revolution and the development of industries and technologies. The object of the present study is to investigate some effective social factor on the rate of leisure in Mashhad city. The correlation between background variable (sex) social class and social capital of Mashhad citizens with the rate of their leisure has investigated in this study. The method of this study is surveying by questionnaire. The method of sampling is quota so based on this case the zone 8 of Mashhad has been selected by 166270 statistical society and the questionnaire has been distributed in the number 383 household. Study variable were measured by using spss statistical software and T statistical test، regression of variable and leavens correlation to test. Optioned results of assumption test indicate that the rate of satisfaction from spending leisured time has positive effect on leisure spending، social capital has positive effect on the leisure spending and personal social class has positive effect on leisure spending. Also the rate of leisure spending is different beetween women and men. The result of study indicate that different social class has no the same social capital and the level of person enjoyment in social economical and social classes effect on the behavior of social people. According to this case that leisure is considered as a behavior، the rate of usig social capital effects on people participation in leisure activities.

The cooperatives followed that with improving the quality of the structures and، maintain its superiority over the other cooperatives. In this process، their moral and material interests to improve in addition to customer satisfaction. Analyze the reasons for the superiority of the cooperative growth and provide social and cooperative sector of the country''s economic. The study analyzed determinants of cooperative superior in Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari Province، was conducted descriptive، correlational survey. That 120 of them through two stages of have been selected for the study. In analyzing the data obtained from questionnaires spss/17 statistical software is used. Training varies according to the results of other variables can affect the success of a cooperative. Factor analysis of variables affecting the results show the superiority of the cooperative''s five key factors contributing، government policy، in cooperation with the Co and the EU، the Member of entrepreneurship and understanding The superiority of the cooperative can provide indicators of the Ministry of Cooperatives. Therefore the results of success factors are: Members participation، education and information to members، including entrepreneurial and management.

Space and facilities planning to justice and fair services in different parts of the distribution Justice to create a plan can help. This survey is a practical and its data collected from field and librarian. The method is a questionnaire. Statistical society is included is supervisor of families in villages The study surrounding the city Sarableh (2714 individuals supervisor of families) and capacity sample is used Kokran method that 287 people and all of the questionnaire’s questions are based on variables and their relation with subject. In this survey we assessment the effect of city service of Sarableh City on the development villages، distribution of population and resources in region and position of country habitats. Research findings based on analysis Guttmann scalogram technique and Morris index models has been evaluated. The results make clear that the direct effects on the development of urban villages has Sarableh And the income، mass participation، motivation is survival and life expectancy in rural areas. The models show that the center plays dominant role in providing rural services so that the most developed villages are Rural district centers.

Feeling safe is one of the most important indicators of the quality of the human and spiritual needs space. Crime event of place، time and manner of formation is not always random، but often depends partly on the structure and characteristics of the offense. As punishment for the offender and the offender is a social necessity، prevention of crime is considered a necessity. Physical factors، demographic and social space in that particular area in the city of Mashhad he said. One of the most important goals of this research is that the effect has been investigated tissues unsuitable crime. The methodology used in this study in terms of the functional and descriptive - analytical، field methods for data collection and documentation is assisted. The results of this study indicate that the zone in terms of frequency of occurrence of crime to population ratio، the highest rank in the city of Mashhad have been allocated. Ineffective tissue and peripheral areas of the city of Mashhad، the crime of theft، and drug addiction are ranked first. This shows that high rates of crime and delinquency in these areas. Crimes to occur in this area، in terms of importance and intensity (and consequently، the penalty rate) to crimes occurring in other parts of the city are higher in the rankings.

Forecasting climatic procedures provides an appropriate instrument for directors of different fields، so that by considering such for castings، they are able to plan for future policies to optimize the use of expense and productivity facilities. Forecasting precipitation is of great importance for a variety of purposes such as assessing flood، drought، managing water shred basin، agriculture and etc. The aim of the present study is to model and for cast the rain in stations in Fars province which are under investigation and to consider precipitation trend in such stations. The temporal period in this study is a 33- year period which has occurred during 1356 to 1389. This involves stations of Shiraz، Abadeh، Fasa and Lamerd. In this study three methods of Box Jenkins، decomposition and Holt Winters are used and due to the errors of forecasting in each method the most appropriate model for forecasting the precipitation in each station is chosen and finally the existence of the trend is analyzed. According to the results due to the comparison between errors of the three models، Box Jenkins is the most appropriate model for precipitation forecasting in Shiraz. For precipitation forecasting in Lamerd station for monthly- seasonal data due to the squares of the errors of forecasting، decomposition is the appropriate model. For forecasting the monthly precipitation in Abadeh station، decomposition and for seasonal precipitation Box Jenkins is the best model. For forecasting the monthly- seasonal precipitation in Fasa station، Box Jenkins was chosen due to the rate of errors in forecasting. In considering monthly- seasonal precipitation trend in these 4 stations by Mann-Kendall and Sense Estimator methods، the following results were obtained. Seasonal precipitation trend in Lamerd station shows that among the four seasons precipitation trend in fall in 95- percent reliability level is decreasing and in winter is a very weak decreasing in 95- percent reliability level. Spring and summer show increasing precipitation trend، and monthly precipitation trend was also considered i. e. in June and July increasing trend and in April a weak increasing trend is observed and there is a decreasing trend in 95- percent reliability level in December and February، and just a weak decreasing trend in 95- percent reliability level in May precipitation is observed in monthly- seasonal trend in Shiraz station and in other months and seasons no trend is observed. Precipitation trend in Abadeh station just in winter has the 95- percent reliability level trend which is decreasing and there is a weak increasing trend in summer، and other seasons lacks the trend and among the 12 months only March has weak decreasing trend in 95- percent reliability level and no significant trend is observed in Fasa station except in March in which a decreasing trend in precipitation in 95- percent reliability level is observed and in other trends and months no trend is observed.

Tourism is increasingly specialized and more diverse، and particular is becoming promoted to a point that seeing a Dam structure as an interesting sight (modern monument) might be enlisted in tour-catalogs and brochures. The experts in tourism are in the process of making Dams as attractive man-made sightseeing monuments by careful planning. Vary soon the term “Dam tourism” or something alike may occupy its place in tourism vocabulary worldwide. In the recent decades may new dames of various capacities have been built in Iran. Karoon 4 Dam is one of the recently constructed big Dams، which was inaugurated in 2011. This study emphases on SWOT technique as one of the strategic planning techniques fit for promoting the sightseeing of this Dam. The approach of this research is the development and the research method was descriptive – analytical and for analyzing the data and determining the weight of the four factors (SWOT) of the 20 patients were used in tourism experts. This was the first visit of the study area. Evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of different variables in the identification of the internal environment. Then، to determine the opportunities and threats in the external environment variables analyzed were. The results show that، the studied area have relatively high potentials for developing dam tourism in، Karoon 4 dam by 29 strength points and mass value of 3. 461 and 20 opportunities and mass value of 3. 389 compared with 26 weakness points and mass value of 3. 227 and 14 threats and mass value of 3. 239 Finally in order to establish tourism in the vicinity of the Dam 8 comparative-aggressive، 6 diversified، 7 reappraisal and 6 contradicting strategies are introduced