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Health Promotion Perspectives - Volume:5 Issue: 3, Oct 2015

Health Promotion Perspectives
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Oct 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/09/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Parvin Ghasemi, Abdolreza Shaghaghi, Hamid Allahverdipour Page 156
    Background
    The main aim of this study was to accumulate research evidence that introduce validated scales to measure suicidal attitudes and ideation and provide an empirical framework for adopting a relevant assessment tool in studies on suicide and suicidal behaviors.
    Methods
    Medical Subject Headings’ (MeSH) terms were used to search Ovid Medline, PROQUEST, Wiley online library, Science Direct and PubMed for the published articles in English that reported application of an scale to measure suicidal attitudes and ideation from January 1974 onward.
    Results
    Fourteen suicidal attitude scale and 15 scales for assessing suicidal ideation were identified in this systematic review. No gold standard approach was recognized to study suicide related attitudes and ideations.
    Conclusion
    Special focus on generally agreed dimensions of suicidal ideation and attitudes and cross-cultural validation of the introduced scales to be applicable in different ethnic and socially diverse popula­tions could be a promising area of research for scholars.
    Keywords: Auicide, Suicidal Ideation, Attitude, Scale, Iran
  • Gwen Lawson, Corey H. Basch, Patricia Zybert, Randi L. Wolf, Charles E. Basch Page 169
    Background
    In developing effective interventions to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in at risk populations, a necessary first requirement is feasibility. This paper describes how the RESPECT approach to health education guided the conceptualization and implementation of physician-directed academic detailing (AD) to increase practice-wide CRC screening uptake.
    Methods
    Physician-directed AD was one intervention component in a large educational randomized controlled trial to increase CRC screening uptake. Study participants, primarily urban minority, were aged 50 or older, insured for CRC screening with no out-of-pocket expense and out of compliance with current screening recommendations. The trial was conducted in the New York City metropolitan area. Participants identified their primary care physician; 564 individuals were recruited, representing 459 physician practices. Two-thirds of the physician practices were randomized to receive AD. The RESPECT approach, modified for AD, comprises: 1) Rapport, 2) Educate, but don’t overwhelm, 3) Start with physicians where they are, 4) Philosophical orientation based on a humanistic approach to education, 5) Engagement of the physician and his/her office staff, 6) Care and show empathy, and 7) Trust. Feasibility was assessed as rate of AD delivery.
    Results
    The AD was delivered to 283 (92.5%) of the 306 practices assigned to receive it; 222/283 (78.4%) delivered to the doctor.
    Conclusion
    The AD was feasible and acceptable to implement across a range of clinical settings. The RESPECT approach offers a framework for tailoring educational efforts, allowing flexibility, as opposed to strict adherence to a highly structured script or a universal approach.
    Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Screening, Colonoscopy, Academic detailing
  • Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Raw Cow's Milk from Selected Milk Production Sites in Iran: Is There any Health Concern?
    Mohamadreza Arianejad, Mohammad Alizadeh, Arash Bahrami, Seyed Rafie Arefhoseini Page 176
    Background
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) and tin (Sn) in raw cow’s milk of traditional and industrial sites from 8 different sites in Arak City, Markazi Province, Iran.
    Methods
    In this cross sectional study, a total of 32 samples were collected from sub-cities of Arak, Iran via subjective sampling method. Both industrial and traditional dairy farms were selected for sam­pling. Twenty-five gram of each sample was turned to ash in ovens for metal analyses including Hg, As, Ni and Sn by anatomic absorption spectrometer.
    Results
    The residue amounts of Hg and As were lower than permissible limit suggested by Codex Alimentarius, but for Ni and Sn it was higher only in one of the collection sites. The average concentra­tion of Hg was significantly higher (P<0.05) in traditional farms as compared to industrial farms. Be­sides, amounts of Sn was significantly high in the traditional farms (P<0.05). Further, a high contents Ni was detected in industrial farms (P<0.05).
    Conclusion
    High Sn and Ni contents of some milk samples from this region might be potentially hazardous to consumers. Further, none of the other metals tested crossed permissible levels.
    Keywords: Heavy Metals, Milk, Atomic Absorption, Iran
  • Bita Sadin, Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi Page 183
    Background
    There are few studies on the vitamin D status in preeclamptic women. The objective of this case-control study was to determine vitamin D status, in preeclamptic women and compare it with that of healthy pregnant controls.
    Methods
    Forty preeclamptic women, aged 18 to 45yr and forty age- and pregnancy weight-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were meas­ured and its levels of <10, 10-30, 30-90 and >90 nanogram per milliliter (ng/ml) were considered as vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, sufficiency, and toxicity, respectively.
    Results
    Sixty and forty percent of preeclamptic women were vitamin D deficient and insufficient, while in the control group they were 10% and 90%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the median intake of vitamin D between preeclamptic and non preeclamptic women (1.45 and 1.20µg/day respectively), but serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in preeclamptic cases compared to controls (10.09 ± 6.66 and 15.73 ± 5.85ng /ml respectively, P= 0.002).
    Conclusion
    Vitamin D deficiency is common among preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic pregnant women in the north-west of Iran. Preeclampsia can cause decreasing of serum level of 25(OH)D.
    Keywords: Vitamin D, 25, Hydroxyvitamin D, pre, eclampsia, pregnancy
  • Corey H. Basch, Laura A. Guerra, Rachel Reeves, Charles E. Basch Page 191
    Background
    Violence is a pervasive problem in the United States. Toys, far from trivial playthings, are a reflection of society, including its beliefs and values. The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which violent toys are marketed in online weekly flyers of popular retailers, how the violence is manifested, and whether violent toys are marketed differentially to boys and girls.
    Methods
    For this cross-sectional observational study, online circulars from 5 major retailers were downloaded and examined each week for 14 weeks during the fall of 2014. For each retailer, the total number of toys, as well as the total number of violent and non-violent toys, was recorded. In addition, each violent toy was categorized into one of five groups: picturing a figure with a weapon, a figure with intent to strike (with fists drawn or an angry face), a toy with a violent name, a toy that was a weapon itself, or a set of toys that included two or more of these criteria.
    Results
    A total number of 3,459 toys were observed, of which 1,053 (30%) were deemed violent. Of the violent toys, 95% were marketed to boys (n=1,003) versus 5% to girls (n=50). The most prevalent violent category was a figure with a weapon such as a sword, knife or gun (29%), followed by figures with fists out and aggressive faces (26%).
    Conclusion
    Parents should be mindful of toy retailer’s marketing of violent toys, especially toward boys, and the potential for those toys to de-sensitize their children to violence.
    Keywords: Toys, Violence, Role socialization, Gender
  • Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Sima Asghari, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Farid Gharibi, Saeideh Alidoost Page 198
    Background
    The Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is considered as one of the chronic diseasesrequir­ing complicated treatment. This study aimed to assess technical quality of providing care for patients with IBD.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 people with IBD using interviews and simple random sampling methods in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and clinic of Imam Reza Hospital and Golgasht Clinic in Tabriz in 2012. The data collection tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been confirmed. In order to investigate the statistical relationship between the background variables and compliance with the standards the Chi-square test was applied using SPSS 17 Software.
    Results
    "visit by the physician" and "diet advice by the dietitian" have had the highest and the lowest levels of compliance with the standard respectively, and "the care related to the disease exacerbation" and "the care provided by the other physicians" were not compatible with the standards in 80% of the cases. Data analyses also showed that there was a significant relationship between participant’s age, job, education and the smoking status and compliance of some care with the relevant standards (P<0.05).
    Conclusion
    The results indicate a substantial gap between provided care for the people with IBD and the relevant standards. This indicates the areas that need of improvement and requires the serious attention of the authorities.
    Keywords: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Technical Quality, Diet
  • The Effect of Road Traffic Noise on Reaction Time
    Iraj Alimohammadi, Mojtaba Zokaei, Stephan Sandrock Page 207
    Background
    Traffic noise is one of the main important sources in urban noise pollution, which causes various physiological and psychological effects that can cause disturbs in performance, sleep disturb­ances, hearing loss and impact on job performance. This study was conducted to verify the impact of road traffic noise on reaction time in terms of extraversion and sex.
    Methods
    Traffic noise was measured and recorded in 10 arterial streets in Tehran, and then the rec­orded noise was emitted towards participants in an acoustic room. The participants were 80 (40 cases and 40 controls) students. Personality type was determined by Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) questioner. Reaction time before and after exposure to traffic noise was measured.
    Results
    Reaction time before exposure to traffic noise did not differ (P=0.437) significantly between introverts and extraverts. However, it was increased significantly in both groups after exposure to traf­fic noise (P<0.01). Introvert’s reaction time was more increased than that of extraverts.
    Conclusion
    Traffic noise augmented reaction time of both males and females. This study also re­vealed that exposure to traffic noise leads to increase in reaction time.
    Keywords: Traffic Noise, Reaction Time, Extraversion, Student
  • Zahra Aslani, Parvin Mirmiran, Beitollah Alipur, Zahra Bahadoran, Mahdie Abbassalizade Farhangi Page 215
    Background
    The present study aimed to determine the effect of lentil sprouts [LS] on lipid profiles in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Methods
    Forty- eight overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients, September and November2013, 30-65 years, participated in this clinical trial and randomly divided into two groups; LS group and con­trols. Patients in control group received conventional drug therapy, while patients in LS group received 60 g LS daily during 8 weeks along with routine medication. Significant differences among and between the groups were determined by independent t-test and paired sample t-test using SPSS software. The patients were blinded for the treatment. In this trial the effect of LS on serum lipid profiles were investi­gated.
    Results
    Thirty-nine patients completed the study. After 8 weeks, serum levels of HDL-C was higher in the LS group compared to control group (48.3 ±1.9 vs. 42.8±1.7, P<0.03). TG and ox-LDL were lower in the LS group compared to controls [(127±13.4 vs. 170± 12.4.P<0.01) and (83.3±29.1 vs. 98.7±28.2.P<0.6)].
    Conclusions
    LS consumption could have favorable effect on serum lipid profiles.
    Keywords: Lentil sprouts_Triglyceride_Oxidized LDL cholesterol_Type 2 diabetes
  • Afsaneh Saeedian Kia, Reza Amani, Bahman Cheraghian Page 225
    Background
    Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of major health problems in childbearing age women. Herein, we compared the nutritional status of vitamin D, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in young students affected by PMS with those of normal participants.
    Methods
    This study was conducted on 62 students aged 20‒25 yr in the city of Abadan (31 PMS cases and 31 controls). All participants completed four or more crite­ria according to the Utah PMS Calendar 3. Age, height, body mass index (BMI), serum Ca, Mg and vitamin D levels and a 24-hour food recall questionnaire were recorded.
    Results
    Vitamin D serum levels were lower than the normal range in the two groups. The odds ratios (CI 95%) of having PMS based on serum Ca and Mg concentrations were 0.81(0.67 – 0.89) and 0.86 (0.72 – 0.93), respectively. Based on serum levels, 855 of all participants showed vitamin D deficiency and more than one-third of the PMS cases were Mg deficient (P<0.05). In addition, there were signifi­cant differences in dietary intake of Ca and Mg, and potassium but not vitamin D in the two groups. Dietary intakes of Ca and Mg were quite below the recommendation in all participants.
    Conclusion
    Vitamin D, Ca and Mg nutritional status are compromised in PMS subjects. Because PMS is a prevalent health problem among young women, it merits more atten­tion regarding improvement of their health and nutritional status.
    Keywords: Premenstrual Syndrome, Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin D