فهرست مطالب

Health Promotion Perspectives - Volume:8 Issue: 3, Jul 2018

Health Promotion Perspectives
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Jul 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/05/06
  • تعداد عناوین: 11
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  • Meghan K. Edwards, Paul D. Loprinzi* Pages 171-178
    Background
    To examine the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise and meditation on mood state among young adults.
    Methods
    Participants (N= 66, mean age = 21.3 years) were randomly assigned to walk,meditate, or sit (control) for 10 minutes. Participants’ mood state was monitored before and after the intervention using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire.
    Results
    Significant group x time interaction effects were observed for the POMS composite scores (P=0.05). When evaluating three POMS sub scales separately (depression/dejection,anger/hostility, and fatigue/inertia), only fatigue/inertia was found to have a significant group x time effect (P=0.04). Post hoc paired t tests revealed that fatigue/inertia sub scale scores significantly decreased from baseline to post-intervention in both the exercise (P=0.03) and meditation (P
    Conclusion
    A 10-minute bout of brisk walking and meditation both improved mood state,when compared to an inactive control group. A single bout of brisk walking or meditation may offer suitable strategies to improve mood state among young adults.
    Keywords: Affect, Emotions, Exercise, psychology, Meditation, Mood
  • Hiroko Henker*, Shivani Fox-Lewis*, Navy Tep, Dary Vanna, Sreymom Pol, Claudia Turner Pages 179-186
    Background
    There is increasing awareness of the need to implement quality assurance programs in developing countries. Healthcare staff are the primary drivers of improving the quality of care,but little is known about how they perceive quality assurance programs in resource-limited settings. This study aims to evaluate healthcare workers’ perceptions of the organizational quality assurance program (OQA) at Angkor Hospital for Children (AHC), Cambodia. The OQA involves regular data collection and monitoring of quality indicators, to assess whether agreed quality standards are being met.
    Methods
    This qualitative study consisted of four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 29hospital staff (convenience sampling) from medical, nursing and non-medical departments. Staff members’ understanding of quality assurance and perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of the OQA were explored. Thematic content analysis was used to identify key themes.
    Results
    Participants emphasized that quality indicators must include physical and psychological well-being. Strengths of the OQA included shared understanding amongst all groups of participants of its goals, committed leadership, that it was locally-relevant and that target indicators were developed from a "ground-up" approach. On-going challenges included that there was a gap in understanding of the OQA processes and overall running of the OQA across the organization between managers and staff.
    Conclusion
    The introduction of the OQA at AHC has been well-received by staff members.Overall, the program is perceived to be valuable. Healthcare provision in resource-limited settings increasingly needs to demonstrate quality assurance. The model of OQA developed at AHC is one way to achieve this.
    Keywords: quality assurance, Quality of care, Provider perception, Resource-limited setting
  • Ali-Asghar Kolahi*, Alireza Moghisi, Yalda Soleiman Ekhtiari Pages 187-194
    Background
    Overweight and obesity are considered as non-communicable diseases (NCDs)risk factors with increasing prevalence worldwide. This nationwide study aimed to determine the socio-demographic determinants of obesity indexes in Iran.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the sixth round of nationwide Stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey in the 31 provinces of Iran in 2011. A total of 9878 people aged ≥20 years were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method.
    Data were collected through three steps questionnaire including ecological, physical and biochemical measurements. We assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference(WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) as the main indicators of obesity.
    Results
    In this study, the weighted prevalence of overweight and obesity were 34.5% (95% CI:33.6, 35.5) and 21.5% (95% CI: 20.7, 22.3), respectively. The mean ± standard deviation (SD)of BMI among men and women were 25.4±4.4 and 26.9±5.2 kg/m2 respectively. Older age,living alone, having lower education level, being housewife or retired were associated with overweight and obesity (P
    Conclusion
    The prevalence of overweight in this study was less than global rate while it was vice versa for obesity prevalence. Some socio-demographic characteristics were identified as determinants of obesity which should be considered for planning preventive and control action plans.
    Keywords: Body mass index_Obesity_Abdominal obesity_Hypertension_Type 2 diabetes mellitus_Cardiovascular diseases
  • Ahmad Bazazan, Iman Dianat*, Leila Rastgoo, Hojat Zandi Pages 195-199
    Background
    Fatigue and psychological distress are fairly common among nursing personnel,but their relationship is not clearly understood.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationships between dimensions of fatigue and psychological distress among 699 public hospital nurses in Iran. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI–20) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–12)were used for evaluation of fatigue and psychological distress, respectively.
    Results
    The total fatigue score of the MFI–20 was 52.5 (SD = 11.8). The general fatigue (mean± SD = 13.2±3.1) and reduced motivation (mean ± SD = 9.2±2.7) were the fatigue dimensions with the highest and lowest mean scores, respectively. The percentage of psychological distress(e.g., those nurses scored above the cut-off point [GHQ–12 ≥ 4]) was 29.1%. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that general (P
    Conclusion
    The results emphasize the need for multi-component interventions aimed at decreasing both mental and physical fatigue, and consequently reducing the psychological distress among this group of healthcare professionals.
    Keywords: Mental distress, Health care, Mental disorders, Mental health, Nursing
  • Vida Imani, Chung-Ying Lin, Shabnam Jalilolgadr*, Amir H. Pakpour* Pages 200-207
    Background
    Given the high prevalence of excessive daytime disorder (EDS) among children and adolescents, daytime sleepiness should be effectively measured for them to design appropriate intervention program. However, the commonly used instrument Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) has little information in its psychometric properties. This study aimed to apply 2 different test theories to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian ESS-CHAD among a large sample of Iranian adolescents and children.
    Methods
    In this methodological study, participants from 8 high schools (n=1371; 700 males), in Qazvin, Iran, completed the ESS-CHAD, a background information sheet, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The ESS-CHAD was translated by using a forward-backward translation method.Two weeks later, the participants completed the ESS-CHAD again. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), regression analysis testing the correlation between ESS-CHAD and ISI, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)with measurement invariance, Rasch analysis with differential item functioning (DIF), and latent class analysis (LCA) were used to examine the psychometric properties of the ESS-CHAD.
    Results
    The internal consistency (α=0.79), test-retest reliability (ICC=0.84), regression findings(β=0.39, P
    Conclusion
    Persian ESS-CHAD could be used to assess daytime sleepiness for adolescents whoare speaking Persian.
    Keywords: Adolescence, Child, Daytime sleepiness, Factor analysis, Rasch analysis
  • Savanna Wingate, Lindsay Crawford, Emily Frith, Paul D. Loprinzi* Pages 208-214
    Background
    Among other factors, including the decay theory, interfering stimuli (proactive and retroactive interference; PI and RI) may influence the encoding and consolidation of target information. Acute exercise can enhance episodic memory function, but no experiments have evaluated whether exercise can attenuate PI and RI effects on memory, which was the purpose of this experiment.
    Methods
    Twenty young adults were randomized (via computer program) into one of 6 experimental groups (N=120, n=20 per group), including 3 PI (G1, G2, and G3) and 3 RIgroups (G4, G5, and G6). Those in G1 and G4 exercised prior to a 10-list AB/AC paradigm with interference; G2 and G5 did not exercise but had interference; and G3 and G6 were the control groups with no exercise and no interference.
    Results
    The mean (95% CI) number of correctly recalled word pairs across the 6 respective groups was 2.4 (1.2-3.5), 2.4 (1.3-3.5), 5.1 (3.9-6.3), 6.9 (5.7-8.0), 5.0 (4.2-5.8), and 6.1 (5.1-6.9) (FANOVA=11.7; P
    Conclusion
    These preliminary findings suggest that acute exercise may be more beneficial for RI compared to PI, but additional experimental work is needed.
    Keywords: Acquisition, Consolidation, Encoding, Memory, Physical activity
  • Fariba Nikan, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi*, Sakineh Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi, Mojgan Mirghafourvand* Pages 215-224
    Background

    Utilizing multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) and genetic algorithm(GA) we aimed to design and test the psychometric properties of the short form Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire (PQOL).

    Methods

    In this methodological study, 500 women aged 18 to 42 were enrolled through multistage random sampling scheme in Tabriz, Iran. We used MIRT model and GA to identify a short form of the 40-item PQOL measure (SF-PQOL). Construct and criterion validity of theSF-PQOL was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the correlation between SFPQOL scores with a 12-item short form of QOL (SF-12) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores, respectively. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability and feasibility of the measure were evaluated.

    Results

    sixteen- and 13-item SF-PQOL were identified based on MIRT and GA, respectively.The results indicate the better performance of the MIRT based 13-item SF-PQOL; Construct and criterion validity, the test-retest and internal consistency reliability, and the feasibility were confirmed in the MIRT based SF-PQOL, but not in the GA-based SF-PQOL.

    Conclusion

    The MIRT suggests a 13-item SF-PQOL with adequate content which demonstrated satisfactory validity, reliability, and feasibility. SF-PQOL could be used across the population for both research and clinical objectives.

    Keywords: Quality of life, Postpartum period, Reliability, Validity, Item response theory
  • Shahnaz Ashrafi, Nayyereh Aminisani*, Somaieh Soltani, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran, Mohammad-Reza Rashidi Pages 225-229
    Background
    The present study aimed at assessing the validity of self-reported drug use in people aged 35 and older in a pilot phase of a population-based cohort study.
    Methods
    A total of 1038 adults over 35 years old in Khamene city in East Azerbaijan province were recruited for the pilot phase of Azar cohort; a province-level of a nationwide PERSIAN cohort study completing a questionnaire and providing biological samples from October to December 2014. Information about the history and duration of smoking tobacco, using drug and medication were obtained by the physician. The validity of the drug use was assessed through comparing the questionnaire response with three urine strip tests for the detection of morphine, amphetamine and methamphetamine among 259 randomly selected subjects.
    Results
    The prevalence of drug use according to self-report was 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7%-3.8%).One-step drug test as the gold standard for the use of drug self-reported demonstrated a sensitivity(95% CI) and specificity 15% (10-22) and 99.7% (98.9%-99.9%) respectively. All participants with positive self-report were male; however, in the urine analysis drug test, it was positive for 7out of 68 randomly selected women.
    Conclusion
    The validity of self-reported drug use in this population was low; therefore, the self reported use of the drug should be used with caution in this population. It is recommended to use alternative techniques to improve the validity of data using the self-report procedure.
    Keywords: Validation, Self-report, Prevalence, Substance abuse, Drug, PERSIAN cohort
  • Masumeh Anbarlouei, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Hossein Dadashzadeh, Akbar Ghiasi, Maryam Ataieasl, Abbasali Dorosti, Asghar Mohammadpour Asl* Pages 230-236
    Background
    Tobacco smoking is one of the most important public health problems that may be prevented. There is limited information about its relationship with communication skills. Findings on the relationships between self-esteem and cigarette/hookah smoking are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between cigarette and hookah smoking,self-esteem and communication skills among a representative sample of high school students.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 1321 tenth-grade students (14-17 years) was selected through multi-stage proportionally cluster sampling in Tabriz, 2017. The participants completed a self–administered multiple choice questionnaire including questions about cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, self-esteem, and communication skills.
    Results
    After controlling for potential confounders, the results demonstrated that higher score of self-esteem protects students against being in advanced stages of cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P=0.012). However, there was no significant association between self-esteem score and the hookah smoking. Also, there was no significant association between communication skills score and cigarette and hookah smoking.
    Conclusion
    According to our findings, self-esteem was associated with cigarette smoking,but not with hookah smoking. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant association between communication skills score and cigarette and hookah smoking.
    Keywords: Cigarette smoking, Hookah smoking, Water-pipe, Adolescents health, Self-esteem, Communication skills
  • Kathy B. Knight*, Sydney A. Devers, Meagan Maloney, Anne K. Bomba, Heather Walker, Kathy Tucker, Scott S. Knight Pages 237-242
    Background
    The purpose was to determine if an 8-week nutrition education and exercise program for families could influence health and fitness parameters, and retention of nutrition knowledge.
    Methods
    Eighteen children (mean age: 10.52 ± 1.26 year; 50% boys, 50% girls; 56% white,25% black, 19% multiracial) participated in the Families in Transformation (FIT) program. Preand post-study anthropocentric, blood pressure, fitness, and nutrition knowledge data was collected.
    Results
    Diastolic blood pressure decreased for the total group (66.63 ± 8.81 to 63.75 ± 11.81mm Hg). Significant (P
    Conclusion
    Although, body mass index (BMI) z-scores did not change, there was a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, increase in fitness parameters, and increased retention of nutrition knowledge.
    Keywords: Physical activity, Fitness, Pediatrics, Nutrition education
  • Carlos K. B. Ferrari* Pages 243-248
    The objective of this work was to update Brazilian experiences on implementation research (IR)regarding promotion of healthy lifestyles to decrease the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD). Some Brazilian governmental activities for promotion of healthy lifestyles have been adopted around the world such as the case of the "World Physical Activity Day" and the"Walking for health program". Following the example of many other developing and developed countries, Brazilian government has been sponsored leisure-time physical activity and healthy eating programs which still were not capable of promoting massive participation, especially from workers, elderly and people from the less privileged socioeconomic classes. Although successful exercise promotion strategies have been done in Brazil, the implementation science on promotion of healthy lifestyles is still rising and more research is necessary to identify the settings, circumstances, and processes for effective and sustainable adoption of healthy dietary and exercise practices. Understanding problems, concerns and barriers for implementation of health promotion (HP) policies in Brazil could be useful for many other developing nations.
    Keywords: Promotion, Developing nations, Physical activity, Diet, Pitfalls