نشریه جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه
سال سیزدهم شماره 28 (بهار و تابستان 1389)

The aim of this article is to examine the relationship betweensocial factors and organizational commitment in the Shirazwomens’ NGOs. Because of the complex and changeable nature ofsocieties, they face with several problems that governments cannotsolve them alone. Therefore, to solve these problems, peoples’supports are needed. And for that, the activities of NGOs, as a partof humanity participation, are very important. According to thegoals of these organizations, they do not follow any benefit. Thus,they need some committed members whose efforts to be acquiringthe goals of the organizations. In this study, the survey method isused and data were collected through structured questionnairesfrom 205 members who were selected randomly. The currentresearch employs Choronbach alpha technique to verify reliability.To test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient was used.Multiple regression and path analysis were used to assess theresearch model.

“Social capital” is one of the concepts that has been entered insocial pathology and criminology discussions during recentdecades. In social researches it has been proved that a higher rateof social capital ends to decrease in crime intensivety.The main aim of this research is to survey the relationsbetween social capital and crime intensity. The survey has beencompleted among the 194 convicted men over 18 years old whowere kept in the prison of Tabriz city. The Independent variable of“social capital” in this research has been measured by theindicators such as: generalized and institutional trust, family,friendship and neighborhood bonds, charity and religiousparticipation, reciprocal discourse norms and civil participation.The findings of this research show that institutional andgeneralized trusts, family and friendship bonds show meaningfulcorrelation with crime intensity but the other indicators do nothave correlation with crime intensity.

Therapeutic community has an opinion about disordered drugs, addicted person, recovery and right living. The first remedy is community. In therapeutic communityaddictors’ perceptions and tendencies will change when they stay in center of therapeutic community. Responsibility, cooperation, and maturity role modeling showvalues and expectations. On the basis of interpretative and interactive approach human is not only aware but also unconsious. He has to interprate and analyze conditions.This research conducted a field study (survey) entitled study of effectiveness and operation in the center of Hamedan therapeutic community and compared the data results of post therapeutic and pre therapeutic addictors’ questionnaires in which we obtained the relationship between drug-use and psychological traits. The rate of addiction intensity is decreased in six indexes of the post therapeutic. Their perceptions and evaluations change especially from themselves, their friends and their problems. Thisis because of resociolization in process of therapy.

Every society, whether primitive or advanced, primarily is divided based on different groups that are divided into different social principles such as race, religion, marriage, kinship, and so on. System of social classes and reflection on its evolution in theworld provides, the possibility of a valuable and comprehensive review of this phenomenon for our society. Facilitate class mobility in and out of Islam after its shape social classes (cast), the Sassanid era, the subsequent period, dimensions took one course of testament is Ghaznavids. This study emphasizes on the ideas and writings of Abolfazl Beyhaqi of Ghaznavids society. In general, three main class parents (elders Diwani administration and serve the King), retinue (hosts and the hosts) and the peasantry (thepublic-included three main subclasses: traders, farmers and cattle owners and farmers) to classify, and three forces lacking (King), anger (army) and lust (subjects), Beyhaqi’s theoretical belief in the social classification, has been developed. His major religiousgroup was also considered and related to, race and place in the social structure as individual tangible way around Masudi depicting.

One of the most important topics in capital market is havinginformation about companie's risk, especially systematic riskwhich can play an important role in making decisions. It is alsoone of the fundamental bases for computing market risk ofcompanies using accounting information system. The mainpurpose of this study is surveying the relationship betweenaccounting variables and systematic risk. In this study, we examinethe relationship between operating cash flow, dividend growth rateand systematic risk in Tehran Stock Exchange Companies. Inorder to test the hypothesis, correlation and regression analysishave been used and finally, continuous selection method (Forward)has been used to choose the optimal model. The results show that,at 95% confidence level, there is a positive and significantrelationship between systematic risk and other variables.In model designing stage, we found that just dividend growth ratewas left, which in final step could totally explain 10.9% ofsystematic risk changes.

The theorem of usage and exploitation of children and adolescents’ labor and employment has a no compensation harm and perils, and this matter hs been extended beyond the borders of many different countries and has become an international issue.From its first formation, the international labor organization has been scrutinizing and prioritizing the usage of minimum laborer age in its agenda. The international labor organization has ratified comparatively many conventions and recommendations in thissubject. In the international aforementioned records and documents two approaches are evident: The first approach is the segregation of different sects of duties and securing the minimum age in connection to aforesaid activities. Secondly, trial in unification and generation of a univalent trend for observing and regards to the minimum ageunison. However, increase and increment of the laborer age for making the health, safety and well being of the children and adolescents, possible and also preparing necessary bedding for schooling and training is the essential pivotal of both said approaches. Albeit, with regards to the minimum laborer age, Iran not joined anyconventions and recommendations of the international labor organization. Nevertheless, in the inquest for analysis of the pivotal points and purposes for their importance and to induce the international attributions, there have been many necessary efforts andattempts to join our country to the international documentations.

We studied the effect of privatization on financial and operating performance of Iranian governmental entities that were privatized during 2000-2007. The purpose of this study is the investigation on the success of privatization program in reaching performance improvements. In this study the performance of firms that privatized by initial public offering were tested by earnings quality, profitability, liquidity, operating efficiency, capital investment and employment indexes. The innovation of this study was the initial use of earnings quality index in Iranian privatization researches. Dechow and Dichev (2002) model was used to measure earnings quality. After testing of data normality, the comparemeans technique for paired samples test was used for each hypothesis. The earnings quality index and sales to employment ratio were significantly lower than before privatization period. The net income to employment ratio as other operating efficiency factor was significantly higher than before privatization period. Other indexes did not showsignificant differences. The general result of this research is that the privatizing of Iranian governmental entities by public offering method has not been successful.

Insurance and its development are considered today as one of the indices of socioeconomic development and the main condition for the success of the insurance industry and insurance companies is the matter of customers and their satisfaction.This article aims to answer two main questions; 1) How much is the satisfaction level the holder insurance in provinces under study (Tehran, Khuzestan, Gilan and Kermanshah)?2) What are the important variables that influence of satisfaction of insurance holder?The methodology has been of survey type and the sample size was consisted of 1247 clients. The main instrument for data collection was questionnaire and interview. In general, results showed that, the satisfaction level of holders insurance in Kermanashah was higher than other provinces under study. According to the findings, the following variables (in descending order) are the six main variables that affect the satisfaction level of insurance holders regarding the compensation payment stage; attitude of complexemployee, experience and capability of damage assessment experts, speed of handling, satisfaction of parking and location of the complex, information communication and advertisement of the insurance company of Iran and satisfaction of the insurance purchasing stage.