نشریه جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

Good governance is one of the influential variables on the process of economic activities and economic decisions of economic actors, especially entrepreneurs in each society. The purpose of this study is to answer the question of how well the components of good governance in the country affect the activities and economic decisions of entrepreneurs. The economic activity of entrepreneurs can be directed towards the further production and expansion of its productive enterprises, or the investment of economic surplus which can be the adherence of William Bamwell called them productive entrepreneurship and unproductive entrepreneurship. The present study is a combination of research in which the results of the quantitative section (survey) are combined with the results of the qualitative section (analysis of the content of the interviews) with the goal of completing each other. Quantitative sampling was done in a combination (simple and randomized sampling) among Hamadan entrepreneurs and sampling of qualitative section, purposefully with the best entrepreneurs of Hamadan province. The results show that the average components of good governance have a positive effect on productive entrepreneurship, as 16% of the variance in the economic activity of entrepreneurs is due to the variables present in the model. The results of the quantitative and qualitative part of the data cover each other and confirm each other. Among the most important results of the study, we can mention the role of parliamentarians in defining the laws protecting domestic products, correcting fair tax laws and correcting bank's performance in encouraging society to be productive entrepreneurship.

Suicide is one of the major problems of modern world which attracted attention of scholars, scientists and politicians towards it. This problem led to destruction of human capital that based on the available evidence as a development factor. The considering of important and essential role of human resources, the causes of suicide is also important from economic perspective. Therefore, this study, in addition of economic factors influencing on suicide. In this composite index, five sources of volatility and uncertainty in Iranian economy is provided including GDP, inflation, exchange rate, Bank's profits rate and stock price index. The technique which is used has been Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) method during period 1974-2014. The results indicate that with increasing economic uncertainty, suicide rate has increased in the country. On the other hand, the relationship of other economic variables including the Gini coefficient, the unemployment rate for women and men has a positive relationship with suicide rate. Increasing inflation and economic growth also had a negative effect on suicide rate. In this study social variables such as; divorce rate, literacy rate and the number of judicial cases (as a negative indicator of social capital) also used which relationship between these variables with suicide rate, is positive.

Along History, The confrontation with environmental threats, and to increase self-adjustment ability to unknown nature, human beings have created specific beliefs collectively. Those beliefs have no scientific and rational basis but sometimes have metaphysical or magical character which usually classified as "superstition". The main purpose of this study is examining individual's impression on entity and nature of Superstitions and recognizing factors influencing their understanding and perception. From methodological viewpoint, this research is based on Conventional approach. It means that, the main purpose of the study isn’t collecting and recognizing real superstition in the society, but the main goal understands people's conception and perception of what is superstition. All residents of 15 years and above in Isfahan province were as the target population for the current study. The total sample size of the current study consists of 6192 individuals, selected based on three variables of age, sex, and residential area according to the quota sampling in 25 sub-province and urban areas. The questionnaire was contained open questions and has completed by face-to-face interviews. Based on Conventional approach, every individual was asked to answer the questions after contemplating about his/ her superstitious beliefs and those of his/ her parents and residential sub-province as well. The results indicate that higher levels of socio-economic development and quality of life, like university education, leads to people's lower tendency to superstitious beliefs.

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important topics in development. But some of entrepreneurship as an engine of economic growth have been forgotten. The purpose of this study is the studies of entrepreneurial capabilities of graduate students of Tabriz University. This research is based on a survey method. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire. The target population included all graduate students of Tabriz University in 1391; respectively 286 of them were selected using Cochran formula and stratified random sampling method. The findings show that, graduate students of Tabriz University of entrepreneurial spirit are moderate and slightly lower than the mean. Also, the test results indicate that the correlation between social capital and a significant positive correlation with entrepreneurial potential. Entrepreneurial potential in terms of gender, marital status, has no significant difference. The result of two variable regression models indicates that social support and social participation could change about 10 percent of graduate students to explain entrepreneurial potential.

The charity organization “Hemaayat- az-mostamandan-e-Tabriz” (which translates to “Supporting the Needy of Tabriz” in English) in Tabriz is the city’s main charity organization which was established in 1972, aiming at stopping panhandling and helping the genuinely in-need families and thus far has covered thousands of poor families. The question is how this organization has managed to control panhandling in this metropolitan area. To answer this, a qualitative case study was performed and data was gathered through observation, interview of 20 of personnel or help-seekers and by investigating the records and documents. Applying thematic analysis, 10 following main characteristic items of the performance of the organization were identified: informing public, fighting stereotypes, economic and social support, avoiding direct financial aid, management structure of the organization, finding jobs, contentious monitoring, providing the personnel, structural understanding of panhandling, and reestablishment of cultural and religious activities. The results show that these items play a significant role in the success of this charity organization and in giving Tabriz the nickname “the metropolis without beggars”.

One of the mostly applied concept in the field of social and political science is the concept of democratic values toward which has not been designed for any comprehensive valid and reliable questionnaire in Iran yet. Considering this fact design and validity, evaluation of valid questionnaire to measure social variables has also been one of the major challenges of social explanation of how to design a comprehensive questionnaire in the field of individual tendency measurement toward democratic values as well as pointing the efforts made in this respect. This article has collected all options and items together as well as eliminated criticizable ones which have not been used properly. The normative data and validation have been done for the research related to 600 people as sample size in Urmiye city as one of the multiethnic higous and multiethnic cities of Iran. At this research democratic values have been collected through three overall categories consisting of “freedom” (including individual freedom, group freedom, medias’ freedom), “tolerance” (including of individual tolerance, social tolerance, political tolerance, gender tolerance, religious tolerance and ethic tolerance), and participation (including of individual participation and group participation). Validity of questionnaire has been confirmed by the sociology professors and finally alpha of cornbach test applied of variable, dimension of related item.