نشریه تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام
پیاپی 2 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

As understood from the title of this article, there has been a focus on the relations between Iran and China in the first half of A.H 9th/A.D 15th century and its influence on Iranian miniature. Being an historian, using a historical method and viewpoint, and invoking historical sources, the author has attempted to provide an answer for the following question: What were the conditions and historical trends involving the influence of Chinese painting on Iranian miniature in Timurid dynasty?Hypothesis indicates Iranian miniature and its connections with motifs and contents of Chinese painting. Since the early Timurid Sultans, the Persian miniature in its relation with the Chinese painting had a revolutionary trend from imitation, exercising, correction, and completion to the naturalization.

After domination of Mongol on Changise’s army in the city of Uighur relatives and dissolving of this tribe in Tatars, painting style of Manoy-Uighurs published and became common in China through Mongol and enthusiasm of the skillful professors of this city had effects on it. Gradually this style of painting became known as a special style after passing through the Uighur and Moghol artists. This style came to Iran and was known as the “Chinease style”. The reason of this popularity of Chinease artists in Iran was because of Ilkhanan order. As a result of commuting of Iranian people from Iran to China, this Chinease style was published in Iran. Because of artistic effect of Chinease artists and paper, pen and Chinease ink and way of painting and combination of lines and drawing the animals face and living organisms were not experienced among the art of Muslims, like crocodile and some mythic animals. Gradually new elements entered in Iranian painting and drawing of Mongolian faces with big eyes and round cheeks became common and this combination of Iranian an Chinease art effects together aspired in form of an “artistic book of Harat” in Teymooriyan age.

The ruling of Saljoughi Dynasty in Asia Minor is worth studying and research from different perspectives. Numerous events in the last century of Salioughi era in Asia Minor make the issue very important. One of the important events in this period is the massive migration of people, great characters, and social groups from different parts of Iran to this area prior to and after the invasion of Mongols.These migrants could be categorized based on their social statues into two groups of army on one hand and ordinary and also famous people on the other. This later group includes people from different walks of life such as Sufis, poets, scholars, judges, historians, ministers, and royal court officials. In this study the reasons for migration of Iranians to Asia Minor, their geographical spreading, and interaction between them and national governments and local people have been discussed.

Realistic understanding of political and social developments and the discovery and extraction of hidden messages and lessons in ambient movements, requires attitudes and historical insights as the explanation of movement and the main core of the insurrection.Ashura movement also is as a transform uprising in historical context based on Emam Hussein' thoughts and analytical system and uprising of creation and genesis of orientated, belief in causality of events. Recognition of the role of human will and authority in making changes and religious responsibility, alongside events and perception of integrated incorporation to identify and define power as a part of the right and historic comprehension indicate human presence in the universe.Indeed the most subjective consideration about Emam Hossein movement, is that not only it is a sectional cause and even ethical movement but (of course) it has is deep understanding of people who are aware of historic existence in the universe for future. Therefore the statement that the movement of Emam is a transaction requires, necessity of reflection in philosophy and history from the view point of Islam. This moving movement is a also dynamic historic movement with religious nature whose real position and historical standing is less understandable regardless of historical universal aspect and look at the social dynamics or historical sociology.Therefore, to perceive the above objectives in the framework of the study or historical-political movements contexts and historical events is possible from era of Prophet to Emam Hossein. The man question to be answered in this article is: Why this incident was occurred and how that occurred? First question for this research is essential that will be analyzed with more emphasis in frame work of historical studies.

The Seljuk of Rome government was about the year 470 AH by one of the influential people from Seljuk tribe who named Sulayman ibn Qutlumush. He attacked to the borders of the Byzantine Empire and major cities such as Konya and Iznik (Nikaea) were held and a powerful state in the land of Anatolia (Asia Minor) was built. It lasted unit 708 AH. On the other hand’ survived and half cent6uries. The present paper deals with the analysis of the relations between the Sultans of Seljuk of Rome and the Abbasid Caliphs. Although the Abbasid caliphate was overthrown by Hulagu Khan Mongoll in 656 AH. And kings of Seljuk Rome were standing out until half a century after that, the coincidence of nearly two centuries of dominion of Seljuk and Abbasid Caliphate cover the relationship that had started by sending the charter government, the robe and the flag from the Abbasid Caliph Al-Muqtadi to Sulayman I (Sulayman ibn Qutlumush). It continued until the Abbasid Caliphs were overthrown. Before discussion about relations between both governments, the formation process of Seljuk of Rome is mentioned.

The quality of publications in Azerbaijan at the era of Reza-Shah has basic changes to the prior times. The pages of these publications allocated to admiration of Reza-Shah internal reports and news of Azerbaijan and Iran. There is not any criticism about the country circumstances and high-ranking officials of Pahlavi reign. They had a short duration and there is not any political and social article about freedom and rights of the population. But the publications during the years 1941-1945 criticized the heavy chaos of Iran and Azerbaijan at the era of Reza-Shah and his son. The quality and quantity improvement and print of Turkish articles show their release of detective atmosphere of the society. The main reason of the first period (1925-1941) situation is the political mighty, lack of freedom of speech and a deep gloom over the society. But at the second period (1941-1945) the open political atmosphere had caused the identification of partie's activities and their tendency to Soviet, and affected publications in agreement with those events.

Although Taherians have ruled in Khorasan from 205 A.H. to 259 A.H. but their political activities started from the late second century and during the Amin and Manoon conflict.This article discusses their political behavior towards the Abbasid Caliphate during that period.However’ some authors believe that Taherians are the first Persian dynasty who sought independence but the paper claims that they have only been the agents of Abbasid Caliphate and have adapted political behavior against the Caliphate.

Because of Caucasia's important strategic position and the existence of abundant resources it is regarded as a unique geopolitical area in the world and in general, the importance of the area is attracting international attentions. It has always been object of desire for the superpowers. This trend and particular attention of covetous nations had caused instability and conflict in the region. The region has always witnessed the strategic space of Iran's neighborhood. Various crises including Ajaria's Abkhazia, and the struggles of Ghareh Bagh and Taleshan in the Azerbaijan Republic, are some of the crises which clearly serve as the fire under the ash, threatening the future security of the area. The position of the Azerbaijan Republic a few years ago in its disagreement with the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the profits in the Caspian sea, various military maneuvers performance with the help and equipments provided by the US and Turkey, and other similer problems are among those considered in this article.