فصلنامه روان شناسی افراد استثنایی
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1390)

The study has been conducted to compare the instruction effects of inductive thinking strategy with the traditional teaching approach on school achievement of students with mental retardation.A quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test plan with control group has been adapted. A sample of 60 subjects were randomly selected from the population of the fifth- grader students of Hamedan special education schools, A representative sample was randomly assigned into two experimental groups and two control groups. (Each included 15 male and 15 female subjects.) Prior to the research phase both groups received a pre-test. Designed for a science course, the experimental group was assigned under the inductive thinking instruction technique and was instructed by well trained teachers for a period of four months. The number of sessions summed up to at least 24 thirty-minute sessions in a Learning Disability Center in Hamedan. Meanwhile, the control group (males and females) received their instructions in a traditionally presented technique of teacher- Student interactions. Results and recommendations: The school performances of both groups were evaluated by a post-test. The findings showed that the amount of the achievement of the students who received the inductive thinking instructions was far higher than the students who took the same science course by the traditional approach.

The present study examined the mental health status of the adolescents in Shahid Dastgheyb and Namazi orphanages. This study is an applied type of survey. Statistical population is the total number adolescents who are inhabitants of two orphanages of Shahid Dastghib and Namazi in city of Shiraz in the year 1389. The sample size is equal to the statistical population. To collect data the 28-GHQ Goldberg Questionnaire was applied. And the statistical methods used in this study are: mean, Spearman correlation coefficient, binomial test and Mann – Whitney test. The results show that: 1) Mental health of inhabitants of orphanages is fairly sound.2) There are not any significant differences between boys and girls in components such as: physical symptoms, social function impairment, severe depression, and only the components of anxiety and sleep disturbance were significant. The results show anxiety and sleep disorder is more common in girls. 3) There is no difference among high school and guidance students in mental health status. 4) There is a slight negative correlation and significance between the indicator of mental health and age, which has a significance of 95% confidence level. Conclusion and Recommendations: In contrast to expectations, the low prevalence of mental health disorder symptoms in the adolescents residing the orphanages of Dastgheyb and Namazi in Shiraz indicates, that their mental health is fairly well. Although there is a very low prevalence of mental disorder cases, prevention is needed through appropriate planning, by developing mental health and counseling centers for sounder mental health education.

This study reviews and compares the relationship between different aspects of the relationship between two variables: self-determination skills and the quality of life in two groups of male students: students with and students without hearing damage of guidance schools in the academic year 88-89 in Tehran. This is a correlation study. The statistical population has been all the male students with and without hearing impairment of all guidance schools of Tehran in the academic year 88-89. Accessible sampling was undertaken including 18 hearing impaired and 15 non- hearing –impaired students. The samples were matched for age, intelligence and social class. The assessment tools were: the Self Determination Scale and the Quality of Life questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done with the Fisher's Z test.The results show that only the correlations between two dimensions of “having choice” and “being independent” were significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the correlations amongst other aspects of the findings. So we can conclude that self- determination relationship skills with quality of life in both groups are equal between the two groups, whereby there is no significant difference to register. Conclusion and recommendations: Based on the results of this study, it is to promote the quality of life of the students suffering from hearing impairments while the results indicate that their autonomy is not sufficient as “having choice” and “being independent” are the underlying capacities they have shown to be lacking.

In addition to physical defects, poor social skills in exceptional children can be the source of many behavioral disorders. This study investigated the impact of social skills training on reducing behavioral disorders among exceptional children. The research is an experimental study (pre-test and post-test) with a control group. The statistical population included all the fifth grade exceptional students in Kosar mixed elementary school of Zahedan in the academic year of88-89. The sample of 24 exceptional students (boys and girls) of the fifth grade was tested in two different stages (one before and one 45 days after the social skills training). A questionnaire consisting of two parts: demographic information and selected parts of the SCL-90-R test was adapted to measure aggression and anxiety. For the data analysis, T test was used. The results show children trained compared with untrained children had fewer behavioral disorders. Conclusion and suggestions: Thus proper and continuous social skills training, especially in the components Cooperation, assertiveness, and self-control, can be the perfect solution for reducing behavioral disorders of exceptional children.

This study assesses the effects of role-playing technique on social adjustment and academic achievement of dyscalculia students of Tehran province. This was a quasi-experimental study. Statistical population has been all the primary school students with dyscalculia in Tehran. The sample of 15 students with dyscalculia was taken from two learning disability centers in Tehran via accessible sampling. The study design was a pre-test, post-test one and assessment tool was a questionnaire measuring the social adjustment of the students. As this study did not include a control group, it also evaluated the academic records of students for achievement. The test results were analyzed for significant testing. The results showed that with 99 percent confidence, the role-playing technique has been effective on social adjustment and academic achievement of the students with dyscalculia. Conclusion and recommendations: With regard to the effect of the role playing technique on social adjustment and academic achievement, it is recommended that the special centers for learning disabilities should offer social adjustment training in addition to their special academic training for students with dyscalculia.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of early interventions based on child-oriented games on the rate of hyperactivity / impulsivity of preschool children with attention deficit - hyperactivity / Impulsivity disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-post-test design. Statistical population included all the preschool boys with ADHD disorder in city of Isfahan of the academic year 1389-1390. 30 children with ADHD symptoms were selected via targeted sampling method and were randomly assigned to wither experimental or control groups (15 each). The research tool was the Connor’s parents questionnaire as well as clinical interviews. Interventions were applied in the experimental group. Obtained data was analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that the early interventions based on child-oriented games were effective on the rate of hyperactivity / impulsivity of preschool children with attention deficit - hyperactivity / impulsivity disorder. Conclusion and Recommendations: By early identification and intervention with child–oriented play the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity – Impulsivity disorder can be reduced and so prevention can be expected.

The purpose of the current research is to determine the impact of play therapy on academic achievement of students with mental deficiency of Khorramabad exceptional elementary school. It was a pre-test, post-test study design. 60 students were selected and according to their mental deficiency characteristics were assigned to either experimental or control group. Each group consisted of 30 students. The research tool has been a teacher made achievement tool The collected data, were analyzed by co-variance analysis, and independent T-test. The results showed that;1) The impact of play therapy on academic achievement of students with mental deficiency was meaningful (p<0/001).2) The impact of group play therapy was more than individual play therapy.3) The gender of the students didnt have any impact on their academic achievement.