فصلنامه روان شناسی افراد استثنایی
پیاپی 30 (تابستان 1397)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psycho-motor exercises on the improvement of handwriting of elementary students. Handwriting problems can be due to factors such as inappropriate writing, inappropriate writing to write or inappropriate physical writing during writing, poor visual-motor coordination, difficulty in motor planning, and fine movement control. To reduce the handwriting problems of elementary school students, one can learn how to write the right instruction (how to get the pencil right, how to put paper on the table when writing, how to sit right while writing), enhancing fine fingers, eye and hand coordination, Strengthening self-esteem, raising attention and concentration, enhancing visual sequence, training the correct form of letters on the pattern, and exercising for correcting coarse-grained and fine-tuning. In this research, the single-subject design was used. The study population consisted of elementary students in Tehran province in the academic year of 96- 1395 who were selected by a researcher-made log book in terms of handwriting problems and trained for 10 sessions. Three data were used to analyze the data, including the base line, during training, and follow-up steps. Each student's score in the base line test, during training, and follow-up is displayed in the form of charts and tables. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive-motor exercises can be effective in improving the student's handwriting.

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability, reliability of the Barkley Executive(BDEFS.CA) Teaching and Performance Inventory (2012) in Mashhad. This study is methodological and psychometric study, and uses IQOLA Standard Contracts to test and test Persian language. . For this purpose, multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 1000 primary school students (6 to 17 years old) in Mashhad in the academic year of 96-97 and 979 students completed the questionnaire. , 63 of them were asked to participate in the test two weeks ago. The reliability of the test was determined using Cronbach's alpha, 0.90. The split coefficient, with the test, was used to calculate the correlation coefficient of this test with the Coolidge test (Zahedi and Alizadeh, 2004) in a sample of 200 people. In the judgmental phase, we conducted several local field studies and non-standard pilot administrations. For the statistical phase, the provided materials. In validity analysis, strong correlations were found among the majority of the scores within the tests; correlations between various (BDEFS.CA) tests were in the range of weak to moderate; the adapted tests show acceptable psychometric properties in assessing the complex, multidimensional construct of executive functioning. For the whole scale of executive functions and sub-components of self-management, self-organizing / problem solving, self-control / inhibition, self-motivation and emotional self-regulation, alpha coefficients are equal to 0.91, 0.85, 0.82, 0.78 , 0.76 and 0.72. which have almost high coefficients and represent the sustainability of the scale of executive function

Intellectual disability affects all aspect of individual's life, while applying leisure time program has been associated with effective outcomes. Present study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of Arsh leisure time program on the working memory, cognitive capacity and communication skills of children with intellectual disability. The present research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and control group. The participants were 30 girl children with intellectual disability from exceptional schools in Isfahan city using randomly method. Subjects were divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisting of 15 children. The experimental group received 16 sessions of Arsh leisure time program and the control group did not. The instruments were working memory test battery for children (2017), Wechsler intelligence scale for children (2003) and communication skills questionnaire (1990). Data were analyzed by MANCOVA. The results showed that Arsh leisure time program had a significant effect on the working memory, cognitive capacity and communication skills of subjects (P<0.0001). Arsh leisure time program improved working memory, cognitive capacity and communication skills of children with intellectual disability. So planning leisure time program for these children have specific importance.

The aim of this research was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of attributional retraining program, emotion regulation and social-cognitive problem solving on Improvement of social adjustment in Students with Early Learning Disabilities in Tehran. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest, and follow-up.The participants consisted of 40 students with Learning Disability of 8 to 12 years old.They were selected through Simple random sampling and randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and a control group. attributional retraining, emotion regulation and social-cognitive problem solving training were presented in 8 sessions, each lasting 1 hours, in the 3 experimental groups.Sinha and Sing social adjustment Questionnaire was used in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages.The data were analyzed using MANCOVA,ANCOVA.The results showed that attributional retraining, emotion regulation and social-cognitive problem solving training caused a significant increase in social adjustment.emotion regulation training program and social-cognitive problem solving training with the same effect were more successful in social adjustment promotion than attributional retraining program.Educational programs that use the social cognitive approach of Bandura in designing educational packages have more significant effects.Therefore, the use of the present research results can be effective in the designing of preventive educational programs and improving educational achievements.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program (MBSR) on the self-efficacy and frustration tolerance in parents of physical-motor disabled children. The research had a quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test, and a follow-up for experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of parents of physical-motor disabled children with records in the Welfare Organization of Pol-e Dokhtar County in 2017. Samples were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly put into two 16-subject groups namely the experimental and control groups. Training the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program (MBSR) was presented to the experimental group in 8 two-hour sessions per week, but the control group did not receive any training. Both groups were assessed by Dumka's Parenting Self Efficacy Measure (PSAM) and Harrington's Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) a week before the first session, a week after the last session, and 30 days later. The results of repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (RM-MANOVA) indicated that the training program had an effect on the improvement of parenting self-efficacy and frustration tolerance; and the experimental group had a mean higher than the control group at the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.0001). Findings of the present study provided a clear perspective on the use of new mindfulness treatment in reducing psychological problems and presented a desirable basis for implementing this training program and method in the prevention and investigation of interpersonal problems.

this survey is done with the objective of studying the effectiveness of Perceptual Skills reconstruction program on perceptual reasoning, working memory, and math performance of students with specific math learning disorder. this empirical study includes pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included third grade students with specific math learning disorder in Joghatay. They were selected by the third grade teachers by performing a diagnostic test of math disorder and randomly assigned to 30 subjects and they were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. The treatment group received 16 sessions of training program. Data collection was done by the use of the Key Math Test, the Raven Test, Wechsler–IV Perceptual Reasoning Scale, Math Disorders Diagnostic test, and Stanford-Bine's Working Memory Scale. Data analysis using mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements showed that intervention program implementation was significantly effective on nonverbal working memory, perceptual reasoning and its mathematical performance in experimental students at post-test stage and The observed effects in the follow-up phase remained stable. But there was no difference between the treatment and control groups in the verbal working memory variable. based on this, it can be concluded that the training of this program is effective on math performance, nonverbal working memory and perceptual reasoning of students with specific learning math disorder and can be considered as an effective approach in the treatment ofspecific learning math disorder.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of art therapy on social-communication skills, emotional regulation and behavioral flexibility in children with autism spectrum disorder. This research was quasi-experimental and it's plan was pre-test, post-test and follow-up two months with the control group. The statistical population included 6-12 years old children with autism spectrum disorder in Zanjan. The sample consisted of 26 children who were selected by the available sampling method and then randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (each group was 13). The instrument of research was questionnaire of Autism Social Skills Profile_ Scott Bellini's, the Emotion Regulation Checklist- Shields & Cicchetti, and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition rating scale. The experimental group perch on art therapy interventation during 44 session for 4 months that extracted from art therapy program for children and adolescents with autism by Jennifer Beth Silvers (2008). In addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, the repeated measure anova were used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that art therapy had a good effect on social-communication skills and it's components, the components of emotional regulation and instability/negativity and also behavioral flexibility, means that the intervention program improved social communication, emotion regulation and behavioral flexibility. So according to the findings of this research, art therapy as a complementary therapeutic approach can be used to improve social-communication skills, emotion regulation and behavioral flexibility in children with autism spectrum disorder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral program training on decreasing the aggression of fathers of students with ID. The present study was a experimental study with pretest-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all fathers of the elementary school ID of a district of Ahvaz in the academic year of 1983-97, totally 90. Using simple random sampling method, 20 fathers whose scores in the aggression questionnaire were 38 To the top, were selected and randomly subjected to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received training and 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral program. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 25 questionnaires of aggression and clinical interview with observation. Data were analyzed by covariance statistical test. The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral cognitive training program significantly decreased aggression in fathers of fathers of experimental ID and fathers of experimental group compared to fathers of control group in post-test. Based on this, it can be concluded that behavioral cognitive program training is effective in decreasing the aggression of fathers of ID students .

Behavioral disorders affect all aspect of individual's life, while applying incredible years’ parent program has been associated with effective outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate of the effectiveness of incredible years’ parent program on the interaction of mother-child with behavioral disorder in Isfahan city. The present research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and control group. The participants were 30 mothers of children with behavioral disorder from Amirkabir elementary school in Isfahan city that selected by random sampling method. Subjects were divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisting of 15 mothers. The experimental group participated at 12 sessions of incredible years’ program, while the control group did not. The instrument was done using the parent-child relationship scale of Piyanta. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used by SPSS (version 23) for analyzing the data. The results showed that incredible years’ program training had a significant effect on the interaction and all subscales (conflict, closeness, dependency) in children with behavioral disorders (P<0.001). The incredible years’ program training can improve interaction of mother-child with behavioral disorder. Therefore, planning for providing this program has a particular importance.