مجله روانشناسی نظامی
پیاپی 8 (زمستان 1390)

When a trouble is occurred for a family¡ the issue of Sufferance is raised. War is a trouble for humans. One of the consequences of the Iraq war against Iran is the problem of Veteran. Many families face with these troubles and they are abiding the consequences of them. However¡ this important issue has not been addressed Iran and the sufferance factors of veteran’s family are not identified. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess a model for sufferance of veteran’s family.
Participants were 281 spouses of live veterans living in Tehran who were selected by cluster sampling. Research instruments included researcher-made questionnaires for sufferance¡ emotional reactivity troubles¡ emotional expression troubles¡ cognitive troubles¡ and external troubles. Path Analysis model proposed by Giasini et al was used to evaluate the model of sufferable family.
Initial model did not fit data obtained from the study. Nonlinearity¡ missed data and special errors are the factors that lead to poor fit or lack of fit of the model. The initial model was analyzed by assuming constant variance of residuals. By applying the measurement error¡ the model fitness was appropriate.
emotional reactivity and cognitive trouble had direct and indirect relation with family sufferance and also emotional expression had indirect relation with family sufferance. The results indicate that reducing the cognitive and emotional troubles of family will lead to improve the sufferance of family.

Family members of PTSD veterans somehow suffer symptoms due to continuous communication and contact with the veteran. The purpose of this study is to recognize secondary PTSD and marital satisfaction among wives of PTSD veterans and to answer this question: how much PTSD veterans symptoms are related to secondary PTSD and marital satisfaction of their wives?
the research method was correlational and sampling method was of type simple random sampling. Among families that their husbands affected by PTSD¡ 100 families (200 men and women) were studied by using marital satisfaction¡ Mississippi and PCL questionnaires.
The level of PTSD symptoms has a significant relation with PTSD symptoms of veterans. Also¡ the level of veteran’s wives satisfaction has a significant inverse relationship with PTSD symptoms of veterans. Ultimately¡ the level of veteran’s wives satisfaction has a significant inverse relationship with score of secondary stress disorder.
When symptoms of war trauma are developed in a soldier and remain untreated for a long time¡ these symptoms can lead to serious injuries for his wife. Thus¡ according to the results of this study¡ team treatment¡ couple treatment¡ and family treatment are required.

this study has been implement fed to examine ranger training on military morale of a ranger training course of a military unit.
a questionnaire on military morale was given to trainees before the implement fation of ranger training course. Military Morales were measured at end of the course. The reliability of military morale was a 0.823. The data were analyzed with spss software in descriptive and inferential levels (including variance analysis and t. test).
the results show that ranger training course has generally enhanced military Morales of learners¡ but this increase at level of p this study indicated that 69.8 percent of participants of pretest have low military morales but 30.2 percent have high military Morales. It indicates that ranger training increases military morale of participants. The results also show that military morale percentage in post test has doubled in comparison with pretest.
Furthermore¡ the cases of low and lower military Morales are vanished. Though the results of main assumption showed that military Morales of trainees have increased in the post test but this increase is not significant.

The purpose of this research is to develop a creative and innovative model of education for officer students.
This research is qualitative and practicable and the design of the research is futuristic. The statistical society of this research includes all the academic experts of Comprehensive university of Imam Hussein¡ the University of officer and pasdar training and also the policy makers in Sepah General Staff in the field of creativity and innovation. In this research¡ 145 people were chosen by random sampling method. The research tool is researcher-made questionnaire which have been designed in two sections of personal information and 64 questions. Validity of the questionnaire was examined by chronbach alpha of 0.967. Descriptive and deductive statistical indexes¡ especially the modeling of structural equations¡ confirmatory path analysis¡ and independent T were used to analyze the data.
The research data showed that the creativity and innovation model for Pasdar training and officer students has 4 dimensions¡ 17 components¡ and 64 indexes. The results of Freedman nonparametric test showed that there is a significant difference between dimensions and components of creativity and innovation model in the level of p According to the results of the study¡ education dimension¡ training method component¡ and the index of group communication methods have the greatest impact on creativity and innovation of Pasdar education and officer students. Therefore it is necessary that education directors and commanders facilitate the creativity and innovation for students by expanding educational dimension¡ organizational dimension¡ personal and social dimensions¡ and components and indexes of the model of this research.

The purpose of this research is to identify Israel psychological operation techniques and tactics against Hezbollah in 33 days war.
The method used in this research is descriptive and functional. In this research¡ a questionnaire containing 51 questions is designed. In this questionnaire¡ Israel psychological operation techniques and tactics against Hezbollah are studied with regard to their levels and their extent of use. This questionnaire was provided to 50 elites familiar with the subject of this research. The cronbach alfa method is used to determine reliability of questions. The Lashe formula is used for validity measurement. Also¡ data of questionnaire is analyzed using spss software.
the results of statistical analyses show that 10 techniques and tactics are in the strategic level¡ 24 are in the operational level¡ and 17 are in the tactical level.
Israel used 51 techniques and tactics of psychological operations against Hezbollah during the 33 days war. Some of these techniques and tactics were very important for Israel.

Today¡ Medias are the main tools for influencing social and cultural developments and political changes in society. One of the effects of Medias is audience’s attitude change. News and information offered by the Medias represent the images of social facts but as the Medias want. In our country¡ using of the satellite channels is forbidden¡ but significant number of audiences¡ particularly in Tehran¡ is susceptible to receive satellite TV channels. In this study¡ given the dominance of the existence Medias¡ our purpose was to identify the impact of Medias selected by audiences in Tehran on their attitudes.
In this study¡ the opinions of 817 audiences of national media and satellite television channels in Tehran were examined by using questionnaires.
The results showed that the impact of media on the attitude of audience is high¡ and the impact of media on their behaviors is in moderate level. Also the media type selected by citizens has a significant effect on their religiosity¡ legality and the government. Also the results showed that the impact of media type selected by audiences on social behavior is different¡ so that the audiences of the national media have better religious behaviors & attitude¡ higher level of law observation¡ and they have more positive views about the government.
With regard to the media competition in the information society¡ it is necessary for national media to use more effective strategies in order to influence the domestic and foreign audiences. By satisfying domestic audiences and their needs¡ ht national media can prevent foreign Medias to change the attitude of audiences about the mentioned aspects.