نشریه مطالعات زبانی بلاغی
پیاپی 11 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

Nazik-Al-Malaika and Forough Farrokhzad are among the pioneers and innovators in Arabic and Persian poems. The critical and feminist outlooks of these two poets have created significant transition in introducing the novel themes of modern poem. Common ideas in the content and style of their poems resulted by disorganized political and social condition of their time, lack of attention to women and social class intervals, show that their poems have gained considerable impacts from the poem of European romantic era in content, form and expression. Considering the significance of relationship between Arabic and Persian language, the present paper has an adaptive analysis of social romanticism and the reasons for tendency toward this school in the works of these two female poets and investigates in which concept each poet is more outstanding than the other.

This paper after introducing a cognitive approach to metaphor, intends to investigate metaphoric concepts which are formed in Nafsat al Masdour of Mohammad Zeydari. The aim of this study, Identifying Zeydari’s mental structure relative to the events which he faced in his life. Since the language is a tool to explore the structure of the human cognitive system and conceptual metaphor represents the content function of conformity the areas of the source and destination And each metaphor is typically a reflective of mentality and vision of its creator, So the events written in this book and the abstract categories contained in it can be better understood simply by using tangible concepts and through sensory experience. The authors have responded to some questions by using descriptive methods and library studies in the frame work of Lakoff and Johnson’s theory like: What is the central metaphor of Nafsat al Masduor and which metaphorical concepts have the most frequency? and whether the frequency of abstract concepts used in this book are consistent with the mentality of its author and title of the book?The findings of this study, shows that Zeydary in Nafsat al masduor along with the title of his book has used the concept of "hearts and sorrow" with the most frequency and he also has used the adverbial conceptual metaphor in its structure. In other words, the sorrow which overflows from heart is appeared in the form of the container and packaging in concepts of heart and sadness.

Repetition and circle are the main axes of the formation of musical elements. This pattern is also found in the musical system of modern poetry and covers three inner, outer and aside music areas. Based on these patterns, Monzavi has created the music of his poems. This study aims to examine the music creator arrays in sonnets of the collection "HANJAREY ZAKHMI TAGHAZOL" (sore throat lyricism) and the method of using these elements and also their function in Monzavi poems has been shown. The findings of this research suggest that Monzavi use different ways for the musical richness of his own lyrics including: paying attention to the diversity of prosodic rhythms, employing useful rhythms, create proper meaning and thematic with the rhythm of prosody, pun utilizing, repetition, contrast, rhymes musical function that make his poems unison, totally, Monzavi poem musicality elements classified in four categories: Outer music, aside music, internal music and spiritual music.

Style generally means expression. According to the formalists, when the author is seeking literary text, he must have a standard language and literary norms that are beyond and alienation and defamiliarization do literary test. defamiliarization done is two ways: extra regularity and Deviation. For the first time, Jeffrey leaches divided deviation into eight parts. It contains lexical, phonetic, written, semantic, stylistic, grammatical and archaism deviation. The share of each of the deviations is different in different periods of literature and in a manner different from literary texts. It included at the beginning of tenth centuries in Indian style, to evade existing norms of the lyrics timuri and with using the deviation created contributions in the field of language. This article tries to identification of deviation types and mention of examples of the lyrics of the period.

Simile is a technic for expressing of history dynamically and with critic approach that Bayhaqi benefits of it. He uses from simile for expressing of his thoughts, to make dramatize imagine, to clear of issues, documentation and inspire to readers.
The function of Simile in Bayhaqid history is a dialectic function. Simile is used in three dimensional levels: 1. simple Simile, a comparison between two distinctly different things is explicitly indicated by the word like or as. 2. economy of simile. Usage of them has a great frequency in Bayhaqi's history. This kind of simile meanwhile caused to create words but it creases the rhythmic capacity of the text. 3. Big simile, that a story is compared to another story, that is, a story of qaznavi period is compared to a story in past times; a story from Islamic caliphate or pre- Islamic period.
Bayhaqi usually expresses his mean in this supplemental narration, mean while he made reader to judge about that issue; an anecdote that set up like antithesis against the main story (thesis) in order to form the preliterate story (synthesis) in the mind of reader. This article explains these kind of similes with all of their examples and expresses his aim in usage of similes that shows his world view.

Literary school of romanticism was founded in the nineteenth century by breaking the fetters of classical school. Preference of feeling to wisdom, tendency toward nature and homeland and also dealing with feelings such as love-grief-and naturalism were among the major changes of this school. H. E is one of the great contemporary poets and principles of romanticism govern most of his poems. Most important areas of romantic thoughts in the poetry of H. E include: love - grief- remembrance of the death – soliloquy – homeland -naturalism- hope- idealization. H. Ebtehaj writes of his existential "I" in the field of individualistic romanticism and talks of "I" in the form of "We" in society-oriented romanticism, and speaks about community. Romanticism in the poetry of H.E will be studied in a descriptive and content analysis way in this article.

Imagery is one the fundamental elements in poetry. Innovation in imagery and emphasis on the individual points of view have an important effect on the rhetorical attribute of poem. Because of this we debate about this traits of shamlu’s poem. Individualism, objectivity and innovation are three traits of shamlu’s imagery which we discuss about it in this article. Then we mention examples of shamlu’s poems about roots of imagery. One of the important roots of shamlu poetic imagery is the modern life. In shamlu’s poem, life of a modern cities artistically is reflected and a also poet with a perfect masterpiece invents contemporary images from this type of life can be seen. Beside this, shamlu attains in his poetic imagery to the myths. Mythology of shamlu contains more elements of Greek mythology. shamlu with assistance of myth, affair as well as transition of his idea and point of view. Iranian myth is the other mythological root of shamlu’s imagery.in this section Ferdowses Shahname has an effect and shamlu with a usage of Iranian ancient heroes efforts influnce the addressees.