نشریه زیست شناسی کاربردی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

In this investigation effect of hormonal preparation on seed germination and early growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. under salinity stress was examined. The seeds were treated with salicylic acid (0 (control)، 0/5، 1 and 2 mM، 72 hours) and following the imbibing to NaCl (0، 40، 120، 200 and 280 mM) placed in germinator (20°C) for 40 days. Germination in non-treated seeds was ceased in osmotic potentials >120 mM but it continued to 280 mM osmotic potential in treated seeds. In most salinity levels the greatest seed germination and germination energy، and in all salinity levels، the maximum of germination speed and vigor index allocated to 1 mM salicylic acid. These findings imply that for plantation of P. eldarica on saline soils it is better that the seeds before sowing in nurseries، with salicylic acid، particularly with 1 mM solution are treated

This study was conducted in order to characterize the effect of different levels of dietary vitamin C on the immune system of Barbuas grypus. For this purpose 300 Barbuas grypus were divided into 15 groups (5 treatments mouseover=«function onmouseover() {msoCommentShow (''_anchor_1''،''_com_1'')}» onmouseout=«function onmouseout() {msoCommentHide (''_com_1'')}» href= «#_msocom_1» > [b1] each with 3 replicate). Five levels of vitamin C (0، 200، 400،800،1600 mg kg-1 diet) and their combination were used to prepare five experimental diets. The fish were fed 3% of their wet body weight /day for a 60 days period. Blood samples were obtained from six fish of each tank at the end of experiment and following parameters were measured: white blood cell count (WBC (and leucocytes differential count. According to the results، a significant increased was observed in the white blood cell count between treatments compared to the control group(p≤0. 05). The results of differential count of leucocytes revealed significant differences in nuetrophils between treatments compared to control group (p≤0. 05)، and the low number was recorded in control group.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a significant proportion of community and hospital acquired infections. Among the antibiotic classes، β -lactams are often used for treatment of these infections. However، bacterial resistance has developed mostly due to the production of a variety of β-lactamases، especially the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). In this research، one hundred and ninety six K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran during 2008-2012. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was shown by the phenotypic confirmatory test. Carriage of blaSHV، blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes was detected by PCR and specific primers. ESBL production was examined in relation to the presence of blaSHV، blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Overall، 160 isolates (81. 6 %) carried blaCTX-M، 104 (53. 06 %) had blaTEM and 82 (41. 8%) harbored the blaSHV genes. ESBL production was observed in 92 isolates (46. 9%) of which، 77 (83. 6 %) harbored blaCTX-M، 57 (61. 9 %) had blaTEM and 43 (46. 7%) carried blaSHV. Finally، 7 (7. 6 %) did not harbour any of the 3 genes and 24 (26. 08%) carried all three. Our results show that gene carriage does not necessarily account for its expression and ESBL phenotype. In addition، the presence of blaCTX -M was dominant in our urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates followed by blaTEM and blaSHV.

wheat، cv. Alvand، under late sowing condition and comparison with conventional sowing date was investigated in a field experiment in 2009-2010. The factors were seven levels of priming by SA، including control or untreated seeds، 400، 800، 1200، 1600، 2000 and 2400 µM SA and two sowing dates including conventional sowing date (23 October) and late sowing (22 November). Results showed that priming with SA had signifi The effects of seed priming by salicylic acid (SA) on some physiological traits of cant effects on leaf area index، plant dry weight (total، stem، crown، spikelet and leaf)، membrane stability، relative water content، canopy temperature and seed yield. The highest dry weight) total، crown and leaf)، seed yield and the lowest concentration of electrolyte leakage were found in 1200 µM salicylic acid. Application of SA improved plant water status and relative water content and leaf area index. On the other hand، canopy temperature in treated plants was significantly lower than control plants. Reduction in leaf temperature indicates that there is more transpiration and stomatal extension in SA treated plants because of plant water status improvement. Reduction in electrolyte leakage and increment in leaf area and photosynthesis led to increase in biomass and plant dry matter.

This study was done for ontogeny of tissue of vertebral column and dorsal fin inPersian sturgeon. So 70 Persian sturgeon in 1389 year include of before atractive yolk sac (2 and 6 days old)، afteratractive yolk sac (9 day old)، before release (40 day old)، release (70 day olds)، one and four years old after preperation from، Dr. Dadman international sturgeon research institute of Rasht، fixed in bouen fixative. Then rutin histological stages were done and parafin blocks were cut at 6 microne. For histological studies slides were stained with H&E، Safranin-O and Verhoff. Samples of larval stage fixed in fixative completely but 5 mm cartilage of dorsal fin and vertebral column cut in upper age. After preperation of Necessary photomicrographs، index of morphocytology، changes in number of isogenic groups Was recorded with use of Biocon soft ware in 10 microscopic squars. Microscopic studies showed in Persian sturgeon cartilage tissue was made of Perichondrium، Chondroblast and Chondrocyte. In numeration and measurement of area of cartilage cells، decrease in area but number of cells redused. Determining of chondroblasts، chondrocytes and isogenous groups showed that in Persian sturgeon cartilage of vertebral column was hyaline، but elastic in dorsal fin.

Lead (Pb) is one of the destructive and harmful pollutants and it could have undesirable impact on tissues of organisms. In this study، the effect of various concentrations of Lead on liver and gill tissues were examined. The fingerling Rutilus rutilus were prepared and transferred to laboratory. After keeping the samples in aquarium، they were exposed to concentrations of 0. 1، 0. 2 and 0. 4 mg/l Lead for 48، 96، 144 and 168 hours. At mentioned times، samples were removed from control and treatment aquariums then liver and gill tissues were extracted for damage determination. After staining، prepared slides were studied with magnification of 10 x and 40 x by optical microscope. In damaged tissues، Sinusoidal dilation، Vacuolization، Congestion، Hemorrhage، Nuclear piknosis، Hepatocytes necrosis، Hemosiderin accumulation in melanomacrophage cells and cellular acidophilic changes، Lymphocytic infiltration and focal necrosis of liver and gill، Mucosal hyperplasia، Secondary lamella and filaments edema، Pillar cells necrosis، Chloride cells necrosis، Congestion، Hemorrhage، Inflammatory cells infiltration، Hyperplasia، Hypertrophy، Secondary lamella adhesion، Mucosa accumulation، telangiectasia، Epithelial cells dysplasia and metaplasia to mucosal cells and Distal clubbing in secondary lamella were demonstrated (were observed). The results showed that، when the concentration of Lead Nitrate was increased more severe damages occurred. At 0. 1 mg/l Lead، minimum tissue damages were observed، but with increasing time in 0. 2 and 0. 4 mg/l Lead maximum tissue injuries were found.

Due to the lack of knowledge about the species of Potamogeton throughout the country and their wide distribution in aquatic ecosystems، morphological study in the populations of this genus took place in different geographical locations in the province of Isfahan and chaharmahale bakhtiary along the Zayande-Rood River. For this purpose، sampling of 19 populations was done. During this study 6 species P. nodosus، P. pusillus P. perfoliatus، P. pectinatus، P. lucens، P. amblyphyllus were identified by credible resources that has been reported for the first time in this regions. Using credible resources 46 qualitative and quantitative characters was selected. Interspecific relationships were determined by drawing the dendrogram.