فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1395)

In order to evaluation of yeild and grain yield components Lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) affected by biofertilizer¡ nitrogen starter fertilizer and supplementary irrigation in the Gilangharb Region of Kemanshahan province an experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 as form split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment¡ supplementary irrigation factor as a main plot consist three levels:Non irrigation (rainfed)¡ irrigation during seed filling stage and irrigation during poding stage¡ biofertilizer factor as a sub plot include two level: Use and not-use biofertilizer¡ and nitrogen starter fertilizer factor as a sub sub plot consist four level: non-use (control)¡ use base on 33¡ 66 and 100 persentage of need plant. The results showed that the main effect¡ double and triple interaction effects of experimental factors (irrigation¡ bio-fertilizer¡ nitrogen starter fertilizer)¡ with the exception of 1000-seed weight was significant on all traits. According to the results obtained in this experiment¡ the use of bio-fertilizer along with supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage and nitrogen fertilizer Soils consumption 66% by 2390 kg per hectare grain yield was obtained the great yield. Because¡ this combine treatment was superior in terms of grain yield components compared with other treatments. In the combine treatment of no irrigation¡ no fertilizer and no fertilizer nitrogen starter fertilizer also was obtained 1025 kg per hectare the grain yield¡ that has been reduced 57% compared to the previous treatment combination. Generally 66% of nitrogen fertilizer of need plant and consumption of bio-fertilizer increased grain yield.

To investigate the effect of bio fertilizers mycorrhizae and Azetobacter on wheat, an experiment during two growing seasons 2013- 2014 and 2014- 2015 Khorramabad was conducted in the region. In this regard, a review of field factorial experiment in a randomized complete block designs with four replications. Treatments evaluated in this experiment consisted of bio-fertilizer Mycorhiza (inoculated and non-inoculated), Azotobacter in two levels (inoculated and non-inoculated) on three wheat (Sardari, Kuhdasht and Karim) with four replications was. At harvest time, the average number of tillers, plant height, and number of grains per spike, number of spikes per square meter, spike weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, straw yield and efficiency of precipitation was measured. Analysis of variance showed that the independent effect of the year, a percentage of mycorrhiza and cultivar on grain yield was significantly (P

Most climate change studies benefit from crop models. Crop simulation models could provide an alternative, less time-consuming and inexpensive means of determining the optimum crop N requirements under management nitrogen conditions. The model CERES-Rice, which simulates the growth and development of rice under conditions of potential production and water and nitrogen limitations. In order to evaluate model CERES-Rice, in the form of software DSSAT on yield and yield components of rice (Hashemi cultivar) in four different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1 = 0, N2 = 30, N3 = 60, N4 = 90 kg N ha net) in Rasht region in the 1392 crop year field experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in rice research Institute was conducted. Results indicated that, Researchers can use CERES-Rice 2000 to simulation Harvest Index, Leaf dry weight and Grian yield of rice cultivars under the management nitrogen fertilizer conditions and investigate optimum nitrogen fertilizer.

The present study using multivariate analysis methods in the study of genetic diversity, recognize relationships between the characters and identify traits in explaining the variation in germination stage and seedling growth chicory ecotypes under salt stress was conducted. This research was preformed in factorial form using a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch in 2013. First factor include 26 chicory ecotypes and second factor five levels of salt treatment (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM), were used by using NaCl. Results analysis of variance showed that between ecotypes, salinity stress and their interaction for all trait, had significant difference. The most positive and significant correlation was between the plumule length and seedling length. The principal components analysis, 11 studied traits divided to 3 components to basis all traits. In biplot graphic method to basis the first and second components and cluster analysis to basis all traits; ecotypes to three groups divided. With attention to results of multivariate analysis, ecotypes 22377, 15084 and 2398 (Markazi), 36546 (Kerman) and 15008 (Khuzestan) than the other ecotypes had higher tolerance to salinity. But 4 ecotypes, 13711 (Mazandaran) and 13 221, 27 003 and 26 992 (Gilan) are salt-sensitive.

In arid and semi-arid soil and water salinity, is one of the most important tensions in limiting production plants. The experiments conducted to investigate the effect of pretreatment with potassium nitrate on seed germination of four medicinal plants Psyllium, Fennel, Hypericum and Sisymbrium irio under salt stress on Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Shahed University, Tehran. The experimental design was completely randomized with three factors of seed priming, salinity and plant, respectively, three, four and four levels factorial with three replications. Test factors include salinity (zero, 2.5, 5, 7.5 dS.m-1), pre-treatment levels, primed seeds with potassium nitrate (0.3 % for 24 hours) and potassium nitrate (0.6 % for 24 hours) and distilled water (24 hours) and plants Psyllium, Fennel, Hypericum and Sisymbrium. ANOVA results showed that the effect of different levels of salinity and plant on all traits is significant (P ≤ 0.05). Also priming effect on all traits except germination rate was significant (P ≤ 0.01). Effect of salinity on germination percentage, seedling length, primary shoot length, primary root length and seedling fresh and dry weight and seed vigor were significant at the one percent probability level. Also, interaction of priming × salinity and priming × plant on traits germination rate and germination percentage, primary root length, primary shoot length, seedling length and seed vigor were significant at the five percent probability level. The highest of germination percentage achieved in zero and 2.5 dS.m-1 salinity levels at Hypericum plant in terms of hydro priming respectively 94 and 93.33 percentage. Seed vigor under salt stress with hydro and osmopriming showed significant increase in all seed plants other than Sisymbrium irio. Among the species of medicinal plants, Hypericum, Fennel and Psyllium sensitive to salinity, but showed good resistance Sisymbrium irio seeds. The average seed vigor, Sisymbrium irio has a low average, but other species of medicinal seeds (Psyllium, Hypericum and Fennel) has a high average.

To assess evaluated of efficiency 20 genotypes of durum wheat to drought stress in the end of season, an experiment agriculture was conducted as split plot design in randomized complete block with 4 replication in dezful during 2013-2014. The basic factor of this test include irrigation two levels and secondary factor includes 20 genotypes. The late planting date considered that plant faced with drought stress in the end of season. Yield, Yield components are measured and harvest index is calculated. Yield components according to average of 20 panicle are calculated. Traits that studied with flowering stage cut irrigation significant decrease in the level of (%1) of them demonstrated. At the end, drought stress tolerance index (STI) by using of the relation Fernandez as a criterion for measuring drought stress tolerance in the end of season at 20 genotypes studied. The number of (5, 6, 18, 10, 11, 17, 14) of high stress tolerance index and significant than 20 genotypes were advantage. But stress tolerance index of two genotypes 5 and 14 were advantage than another genotypes. The yield correlation between (STI) and environment showed that (STI) is the best indicator for assessing durum wheat genotypes.

In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid in irrigation water on yield and yield components of rapeseed an experiment was conducted in 2015 based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Shahr-e-Qods branch, Islamic Azad University. The treatments were: control 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg per liter humic acid in irrigation water. In this experiment were used of 18 lysimeters. Each level is divided into three parts in three stages (establishment of the plant, stem elongation and flowering) along with irrigation water was used. Then lysimeters filled with soil and Were irrigated until the soil reaches field capacity moisture for sowing is early. Planting is done by hand after making lines and irrigation was done immediately.Irrigation system was done by furrow method and all necessary care, including narrow and broad-leaved weeds removal was done by hand weeding. The final harvest took place when a full investigation takes place and the moisture in the standard range. Based on test data analysis of all traits was influenced by humic acid. The results of this trial showed that treatment with application of humic acid, yield components, seed yield, Biological yield and Harvest Index, obtained with the highest amount. In between levels monitored at 500 mg per liter humic acid, showed the best performance.