فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1396)

In order to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of different genotypes of sugar beet to rhizomania disease in Miandoab conditions 16 sugar beet genotype were ovulated in Agriculture research center in Miandoab during the 2014-2015 seasons. Experiment design was randomize bloke with six replications. Genotypes were exposed to natural infection area. In this experiment trait such growth rate, uniformity of roots, yellowing score, infection rates, severity rates, root yield, sugar content, sodium, potassium and amino nitrogen roots, white sugar content, sugar yield, alkaline, coffenetic of sugar extractions, white sugar yield and molasses content were measured. The results showed that between genotypes for all traits except for sugar percentage, alkaline and molasses was a significant difference. Result of means compare revealed genotype number of 33538 and 33540 showed high infection percent compare with other genotypes by average of 39.26 and 39.16 percent, furthermore genotype of F-20680 showed lowest of infection. In this study, there was no significant difference between the resistant genotypes of F-20680 with 33533 and 33551 genotypes in terms of infection rates, root yield, sugar yield and white sugar content. Therefore these two genotypes are recommended for other disease-breeding programs. Finally white sugar yield had positive and significant correlation with root uniform, root yield and white sugar and cougar yield and had negative and significant correlation with Sodium and alpha-amine.

To evaluated of efficiency of selection by markers (MAS). 20 genotypes durum wheat was conducted as a split plot design in randomized complete block are planted and yield components calculated. Also in molecular level of 20 pair starter (SSR) to study genetic diversity between varieties and determine genotypes tolerant to drought stress was used. After extraction of DNA and appointment that quantity and quality polymerase chain reaction took place in the touch down method. In total 58 allele of the 20 locus was detected. The largest allele detected belonged to the Xgwm610, and Xbarc108 with 4 allele and the lowest with 2 allele was reserved markers Xgwm413, Xgdm132, Xwmc48, Xbarc40, Xbarc121, Xgwm375. Average allele produced for each locus in this research is 2/9. Rating and length of the parts produced using the software UVDOC was specified. Similarity matrix, the cluster analysis in UPMMA method and draw dendrogram using NTSYS software took. Standard correlation coefficient of cophentic calculated and the number of 0/86 was obtained. Dendrogram represent 2 cluster of quite distinct. In one cluster the number of genotypes 1, 2, 15, 16, 20, 13, 3, 4, 19, 8, 12, 7, 9, 5, 14 and in another cluster the number of 6, 18, 10, 17, 11 are placed. Genotypes of 5 and 14 of higher stress tolerance index than other varieties. The result showed multiple allele trait a phenomenon quite usual and common in markers (SSR) continuity of trait or could be effect of the multiple genes.

In this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, seedling time, plant height and flowering time were measured and recorded.
The results of variance analysis confirmed the diversity of all studied traits among all genotypes studied. The simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that the weight of the boll and the number of bolls per plant had a positive and significant correlation with plant yield with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.61 respectively at 1% probability level. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, the weight of the boll weight and the number of bolls per plant were 75.60% of the variation in plant yield. The results of causal analysis indicated that the most direct and positive effects were related to the weight of the boll weight (1.104). The number of boll/bush had the most indirect effect (0.916) on plant yield through boll weights.

To evaluate different bread wheat cultivar in the Heat of the end of the season, agricultural experiment in the veys area 10 km East of Ahvaz, split plot in randomized complete design with 4 repeat was conducted. The main factor of this experiment include, good planting date (15 azarmah) and delay the planting (20 deymah) and the sub factor of this test, genotypes (38 pcs) where considered.Delay Planting date was considered the plant will end with the heat of season. In this experiment yield and yield component, the STI tolerance index was also estimated by Fernandez as a criterion for measuring end-season heat stress tolerance in 38 genotypes. Varieties of Chamran, bayat, and also Arvand Rud has the highest STI in among 38 genotypes to studied. Varieties of Chamran, bayat, Arvand Rud, virginia, plateau and-78-11 genotypes bearing the name of thermal stress. Other genotypes where evaluated according to stress tolerance index and previous report result sensitive genotypes were called. Totally in Khuzestan provinceIf the selection of suitable varieties and possibility of optimal agriculture processing are carried out. Can be cultivated with tolerance varieties, while maintaining high performance, it improves the sustainability of production.

In order to investigating the relationship between gliadin sub-units and grain quality traits in wheat, 30 varieties and lines of wheat were evaluated in terms of allelic variation at the loci controlling Gliadin protein by Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). In this study number of bands observed in the varieties included 1-5 bands for α subunit, 1-5 bands for ß subunit, 3-8 bands for γ and 3-6 bands for ω subunit. Among α subunit allele’s α1 and α3, between ß subunits alleles’ß4, among γ subunit alleles of γ1 and γ5 and between ω subunits alleles of ω5 and ω6 showed the highest percentage of frequency. Percentage of protein with α2 allele, zeleny number with ß3 and ß4 alleles, hardness number with α2 and γ8, and thousand kernel with ω5 and γ5 had positive and significant correlations, while amount of water absorption showed negative and significant correlations whit γ5. Based on the stepwise regression analysis, between alleles α2, ß2 and α5 with protein content, allele ß4 and zeleny number, allele α2 and hardness alleles, γ5 with starch and ω5 with flour water absorption rate and thousand kernels with γ5 alleles statistically significant relationship was found. So the above subcultures can help as biochemical markers for high quality baker's progeny

The current study was conducted to evaluate determination of best cultivars and planting date of wheat (Triticom aestivum L.) using GGE biplot method in the research field of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gonbad Kavous in 2013. The experiment was carried out in split-plot base on randomized complete block design in three replications. Sowing dates of January 15 and 29 and February 11 assigned in main plots and cultivars including Akbari, Arge, Sistan, Superheah, Bam, Gonbad, Morvareed and N-87-20 in sub plots. The traits of number of total spike, spike length, number of grains in spike, weight of grains in spike, number of spikelets in spike, grain yield and thousand grain weight were measured. The effect of planting dates was significant on studied traits. The interaction of planting date in cultivars was significant on all studied traits but weight of grains in spike and 1000 seed weight. The result of biplot and Mean comparison of cultivars and different planting deta showed that Gonbad had the highest yield and stability. Morvareed and N-87-20 with 2684.6 and 2761.1 yield respectively after gonbad had the highest yield but showed little stability. Correlation coefficients showed positive and significant correlation between grain yield with number of total spike and weight of grains in spike. Therefore, planting of Gonbad cultivar of on January 1 is recommending in Gonbad Kavous region climate condition.

In order to investigate the effect of intercropping corn and cucumber on weeds, a research project was carried out in a controlled field at Payame Noor University in Marivan (Kurdistan province) in 2013.The main plots consisted of two treatments (weeding and control) and sub-treatments including six treatments, i.e. 100% corn, 100% cucumber, 100% corn 100% cucumber, 50% cucumber 100% corn, 50% corn 100% cucumber and 50% corn 50% cucumber. After the preparation of the land in accordance with the patterns of different combinations of cultivation, was taken at the appropriate time.In weeding treatments, weeds were mechanically removed from the designated plots. In the time of harvesting of corn and cucumber, the land equity ratio (LER), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and dry biomass were measured. After corn harvesting, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were calculated.The results showed that the effect of different planting treatments on grain yield was not significant. The effect of different weeding treatments and different planting combinations on corn and cucumber LER was not significant.On the other hand, the effect of weeding and different planting combinations on dry weight of weeds was significant.The highest dry weight of weeds was obtained in no weeding and 100% cucumber treatments, and the lowest dry weight of weeds was related to 100% cucumber, 100% corn and hand-weeding treatment.In general, PAR was the lowest for pure crop (corn), and the highest PAR was for mixed crops (corn and cucumber).

In this research, the ability of callus and regeneration of four wheat lines, CD-4, CD-6, CD-8, CD-9 and three barley cultivars (Afzal, Valfajr and Kavir) from adult fetal specimens Evaluated. For wheat callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used to regenerate the ML1R3 medium containing three levels of Kin and BAP growth regulators. For callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used for regeneration of ML1R3 medium containing different levels of BAP and Kin growth regulator. The callus evaluation of different wheat varieties showed that the highest amount of callus related to the CD-9 (79.55%) line and also at different levels of the Thorrod growth regulator had the highest level of callus induction 2.4 mg / L( 77/58%). Evaluation of regeneration of wheat cultivars showed that the highest reproductive rate related to CD-9 line (20.66%), as well as in different culture media, had the highest regeneration rate of 2 mg / L Kin Kinseed medium (27.22% ) Was. The results of callus evaluation of different barley varieties showed that the highest amount of callus induction related to Afzal cultivar (65.33%), as well as at different levels of Growth regulator, had the highest level of callus induction related to 3.5 mg / L (66 / 50%). The highest regeneration rate of Afzal cultivar (13.55%) and also in different culture media had the highest reproduction rate of 2 mg / L BAP (20%).