فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال ششم شماره 2 (تابستان 1389)

In order to evaluation of genetic variation in segregation population(307 F5-plants), which are upshot of mating of Azar2 with 87-Zhong291 cultivars, we planted these lines in Augmented design with four check varieties(Toos, Shahriyar, Sardari and Azar2 and 87-Zhong291 line). These check varieties planted in RCBD design with 6 replication and lines sat between these check varieties in the separated rows, we used toos check varieties as a general check in the first, middle and last replication. For germination of grains, we irrigated the farm just one time for sprouting. Within and end of growth season we measured some agronomic and morphological characters in both vegetative and reproductive stages such as Plant height, Grain yield, Spikelet accumulation etc. After adjusting the data, according to Stepwise regression around of 50 percent of variety between genotypes for Seed yield result of traits variety such as Biological yield, Number of seed in main spike and Day to flowring(except Harvest index as a predictors). According to multiple statistics methods like Factor analysis recognizing seven factores such as Seed yield, Plant height, Length of peduncle, Spikelet accumulation, Harvest index, Weight of 100 seed and Number of mature tiller. Cluster analysis with using of mean of datas method had done and at last 106 variable lines in 14 groups confirmed and finally 4 most grain yield had selected.

Saline stress is major human problems that thousands of years since. So that saline stress can reduce ability crops produce on land count. Saline soils in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran and developed a level equivalent to 15 million hectares of country covers. To evaluate the effect of different levels of saline water on germination and seedling vigour of Dill, this experiment was performed by completely randomized design with four replications in 2009 at the Faculty of Agriculture Laboratory Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch. In this experiment the effect of five saline water levels to 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 dS on germination and seedling vigour was evaluated. Statistical results showed that the effects of salinity was significant on seedling vigour, germination, seedling dry weight, germination rate coefficient, mean daily germination, germination rate and daily mean time. In general, increased salinity decreased the germination percentage. Maximum germination percentage to 79 percent control with the lowest salinity level of about 10 dS m 3 / 18 percent and increasing its salinity and proportional seedling decreased stamina. Considering the components of seedling germination and stamina can be concluded that plants get from germination to salinity levels of irrigation water that it more than 4 dS m is sensitive.

The present study was performed with use of Esfehan variety in the research field of Arak Azad university in the 2009 agricultural years. This experiment was performed in factorial split plot in randomize complete block design in 4 Replication and 48 plot. Treatment included two planting date 10 may and 10 July(delayed plant) and different level of N include (46,92,138)kg per hectare and two plant density included 400.000 and 800.000 plant per hectare that 800.000 plant per hectare executed in double row planting. the result of this study showed that the highest yield of the 821.17 oil per hectare was related to the treatment of date of planting 10 may with 92 kg N and plant density of 800.000 per hectare. Also, the lowest yield of 444.42 kg/h was related to the date of planting 10 may with 92 kg N and 400.000 plant density per hectare, There fore, plant density has very influence on the yield of safflower.So, according to the result, 800.000 plant density in per hectare has direct effect on the yield of safflower rather than 400.000 plant density.

Organotin compounds usually have extensive application in different industries. Ofcourse some of them are toxic and have different effects on environment. the compounds may have bad damage on brain, eyes, immune systems of body, lungs and skin.Main application of these compounds work as fungicides and anticancer drugs.Tricyclohexyl-stannanyl-triazole is an insecticide and fungicide in chemical- agricultural industries.These compounds work as insecticides and effects on fruits like grape,cotton, vegetables and these compounds produced with many methods in the worlds.It is not produced in iran up to now.So production of these compounds in iran is important.In this paper above insecticide and fungicide mentioned compound produced from an improved method.For production of this compound, in first from griniyard reaction between cyclohexyl chloride and magnesium an intermediate material called cyclohexylmagnesium chloride produced and then from a reaction with tetracyclohexyltin the compound called tricyclohexyltrichlorid produced. In the next stage by hydrolyzing of this compound with NaOH another compound called tricyclohexyltin hydroxid produced that this compound by reacting with 1,2,4-triazol another compound called tricyclohexylastanyl triazol produced.

This research was carried out in order to evolution effect of seed priming on seedling growth of Pupmkin, in Islamic Azad University, shoushtar Branch, Iran, in 2008. The experimental design was factorial arranged in a completely randomized design; with 3 replications. The first factor was seed priming(15% and 25%PEG solution, 0.25 and 0.35 KNO3 solution and hydropriming) and the second factor was salt treatment (0, 4 and 6 ds/m). Results showed that salt stress decreased Pupmkin seedling dry weight and shoot K+ concentration but increased The shoot Na+ concentration. Results showed under saline condition Pupmkin seed priming by KNO3 solution (0.25 and 0.35 mol/L) increased seedling dry weight, shoot K+ concentration, solute carbohydrate and proline concentration but decreased shoot Na+ concentration in this treatment compared to other seeds pretreatment.

This research was done in order to investigation effect of cultivar and sowing date on grain yield and quantitative traits with three chickpea cultivars (Filip-84-48-c, Ilc-482 and Arman) and three sowing date (6Mar, 21Mar and 4 Apr). A 3*3 factorial experiment in RCBD format with three replications was conducted in research field azad university of Kermanshah during 2006. The result showed that by increasing the growing season, plant height, distance of the first pod from earth surface, number of stems per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant, grain yield and biological yield were increased. The 6 Mar sowing date had the highest and the 4 Apr had the lowest grain yield. There were significant differences between cultivars about grain yield. The highest grain yield belonged to Arman with 1067.1 kg/ha. Results showed that number of seed per plant (r= 0.846**), number of pod per plant (r= 0.827**), plant height (r=0.813**) and biological yield (r= 0.798**) the highest positive correlation with grain yield.

Some plant species have been the ability to resist environmental stress conditions, so with their mechanism were prevented further production of reactive oxigen species (ROS). The first step in implementing phytoremediation strategy is identifying plant species that are resistant to heavy metals and also to identify factors that increase the resistance of plants against heavy metal toxicity conditions for successful phytoremediation. Accordingly, to investigate the role of biological fertilizers, superabsorbent and humic acid on physiological characteristics of annual medics, an experiment was done in 2009 in factorial design as a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The first factor was levels of Cadmium [0- 40 - 80 mg /kg soil cadmium chloride (CdCl2)] and the second factor included treatments (application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and superabsorbent polymer) separately and combined with 16 levels. Results showed in control treatment, total chlorophyll content and MDA under cadmium toxicity decreased. with increasing concentrations of cadmium activity of SOD (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased.which were prevented further production of reactive oxigen species (ROS) in Medicago scutellata plant. The correlation between the capacity of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activity were positive. This means that with increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) (SOD) and (CAT) activity increased.with increasing cadmium concentration chlorophyll a, b and a + b content decreased. This reduction was observed in the highest cadmium concentration (80 mg/kg soil CdCl2). In b2 [application plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] and b8 [application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) + mycorrhiza fungi] treatments reduced synthesis of chlorophyll was lower than the control treatment.b5 [application super absorbent polymer + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] and b9 [application Humic acid + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] treatments had the lowest SOD and CAT activity. This could be due that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria through another mechanism, such as proline production, are coping with reactive oxigen species (ROS). Also in this treatments malondialdehyde content was lower than control treatment. This result indicates that with decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation decreased and ROS production also decreases.

In order to evaluate the effect of varieties, planting patern and plant density on essential oil percent and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) this research carried out in factorial design in the basis of randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications in 2008.It was considered variety in two levels: green and purple, planting pattern in 2 levels double and single rows and plant density in four levels: 40, 60, 80 and 100 plants per square meter.The results showed that, simple effect of variety, plant density and interaction effect of planting pattern and variety on essential oil percent was significant in the %1 level. Interaction effect between variety and plant density, planting pattern and plant density was significant at 5% level.Evaluation of essential oil yield showed that the simple effect of planting patterns, plant density and interaction of variety, planting pattern and plant density were significant at %5 level. Double interaction effect indicated that double rows and 40 plant per square meter with %0.36 and 48/67 kg/ha produced maximum amounts of essential oil percent and essential oil yield alternatively. Triple interaction effects showed that highest essential oil percent with 0.44 belonged to purple basil, double planting pattern and 40 plants per square meter and maximum amount of essential oil yield with 54.56 Kg/ha counducted in purple basil, double planting pattern and 40 plants per square meter were identified as the best treatment.