فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال هفتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1390)

In order to study the effect of irrigation with saline water under different methods on yield quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Sorgum. An experiment conducted in experimental farm of Islamic Azad University Shahr-e-Qods Branch. Experimental design Included four treatments included T1: Saline and fresh water treatment, T2: Alternative saline and fresh water treatment, T3: Mixed saline and fresh water treatment, T4: Control treatment. Result had shown best water use efficiency in T1 treatment than control treatment. T1; 19%, T2 ; 35% and T3; 50% decrease observed than control treatment.

Assessment of genotype × environment interaction is important for introduction of appropriate lines with grain yield stability in different regions. In this study, 25 lines were evaluated in randomized complete block designs with 3 replications at five locations including Arak, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Tabriz and Karaj provinces for 2 year (2009-2011). Combined analysis of variance was done after confirmation of error variance homogeneity using Bartlett’s method and showed that effects due to location, genotype, genotype × location and genotype × location × year interactions were significant. Based on Lin and Binnsmethod, genotypes SW101, Karaj2 (promising line), Modena (control) and HW112 were stable genotypes. In Finlay and Wilkinson approaches the genotypes L183, SW101, HW101 and HW114 demonstrated maximum stability. Using coefficient of determination, the genotypes SW101, L72, HW112 and SW104 showed higher stabilities. Genotypes Karaj1 and HW101were selected as the most stable genotypes based on Tai’s method. With regard to all the methods, SW101 was selected as the most stable genotype and could be recommended for cold and semi cold regions of Iran.

Sugar beet at the time of germination and primary growth is sensitive to salin soil and at 6-12 ds/m salinity the germination decreses about 50 percent. Thus, the posibilty of successful planting in saline soils have some difficulties. To study this problem an experiment was considered using split plot within Randomised completely Block design with 4 replications and 85000 plant density at College of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz University. Main plot were two levels planting methods (Direct and Paper pot Transplanting), and sub plots with 3 levels cultivar (BR1 Monojerm, Monodora and BR1 Multijerm). Were planted under saline soils with EC 13. 77 mmhos/cm on September, 27, and the harvest was accomplished on June, 22.
Due to results, main plot levels were significantly different. But sub plots level and their interact in all evaluated factors expect Potassium were not significant. Although The direct plantig by view of net and gross sugar, and amount of salts in root was better, but production of paper pot transplanting have preference over direct planting method because of it׳s net and gross sugar and yield root, and this method by producing 68. 93 t/h of root and 9. 89 t/h sugar was better method and monojerm BR1 cultivar with 57. 44 t/h average production of root was the premier cultivar in this experiment.

In order to evaluate the of vermicompost, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid on growth factores of Mentha piperita L.,an experiment was conducted in 2010 at Farm of Islamic Azad University-Arak Branch in central province. Experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (b0 =non-inoculated and b1=inoculated), vermicompost (v0 =0, v1 =5 Ton/ ha) and humic acid (h0= without spray and h1=spray). Characters such as plant height, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf area, yield of fresh matter,yield of dry matter were measured. Results showed that the use of vermicompost, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid on the growth of Mentha peperita were significant at the 1% level. Among the treatments tested, the treatments of all three factors combined (b1v1h1 )with 47.73 cm height, 36.93 g dry weight of leaf, 67.30 g dry weight per plant, 1676.5 cm2 leaf area, 18 588 kg yield of fresh mater, 3879.2 kg yield of dry matter had significantly different with the control treatment.

In order to use chlorophyll meter (SPAD) to recognize nitrogen deficiency in sugar beet plants and used to predict the appropriate timing for fertilizer top-dressing in sugar beet a research was conducted using various levels of nitrogen fertilizer during different growth stages of sugar beet plants in the research farm of Sugar Beet Seed Institute located in Karaj during 2007, using a split plot design in time based on Randomized Complete Blocks in four replications. Five level of pre-sowing nitrogen from the source of urea was applied in amounts of 0(as control), 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg/h considered as main plots and plant growth stages as sub plots. Chlorophyll concentration in 5th leaf blade was measured by chlorophyll meter (SPAD) at five growth stages based on the number of leaves on sugar beet plants including (GS1:3-6, GS2: 6-12, GS3:12-15, GS4:15-18, GS5:18-20) leaves of each plot. In the same leaves, concentrations of nitrogen (by Kjeldahl method) and chlorophyll a, b and a (by Spectrophotometer) were measured. Results from regression analysis on the leaf number 5 showed that there was higest significant correlation between chlorophyll reading and nitrogen on a leaf area basis and on a dry-weight basis, and total nitrogen and concentration of chlorophyll (a, ab) in 12- 15 leave stage. Also results of this experiment showed that the chlorophyll meter reading were influenced by the growth stage and sampling time and the level of used nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer and different growth stage had significant effect on the chlorophyll meter reading. The least number read from SPAD was 34 in 3-6 leaf stage, which associated with no-applied nitrogen treatment. Threshhold of chlorophyll meter was estimated 39/1 in this study in 12-15 leave stage, this threshold can be used as a criteria to compare. According to the obtained results, chlorophyll meter can be used as a simple, rapid and non-destructive instrument to determin chlorophyll concentrations in a leaf during 12-15 leaf stage and to recognize nitrogen deficiency in sugar beet plants and can be used to predict the appropriate timing for fertilizer top-dressing after of calibiration for region in sugar beet.

In order to investigation of Monosalisilic acid effect in low irrigation condition on yield and yield component of corn grain of Single cross 704 an experiment was conducted in form of factorial split plot, based on randomized complete block design in four replications in field research of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, iran. Experimental factors included of irrigation condition at two levels S1 = %40 and S2 = %70 water available depletion and spraying time of Monosiclic acid at three levels T1 = 6-8 leafy stage, T2 = Tasseling appearance anf T3 = at 6-8 leafy and at tasseling appearance as main plots and spraying rate at three levels M1 = 0, M2 = 1lit/ ha and M3 = 2lit/ha as sub plots. Measured traits included seed yield, number of seed per each row, number of per ear, 1000 seed weight, ear length, ear diameter, stem diameter, plant height, total dry weight and harvest index.The results showed that main and interaction effects on seed yield were significant. The S1 M3 treatment consisted the highest grain yield (10.18 ton / ha). The S2T3 M2 treatment have 8.964 ton/ha of seed yield.

This experiment was conducted in research field of agriculture and natural source collage of Islamic azad university karaj Branch at Summer in 1389 to evalutate Seed Size and Cultivar Effects in Drought Stress condition on Yield and Silage Yield Components of Corn. The experimental design was conducted in split factorial experiment with randomized complete block design(RCBD) replicated 3 times.Main plots consisted draught stress Which were plant irrigation after 40%;60% and %75 avaiable water loss.The seed size( wide, medium and round) and two corn hybrids (Ksc500 and Ksc704) also was used as subfactors.Results from variance analysis showed that drought stess levels effects, seed size and cultivar on fresh weight leaf, fresh weight stem, fresh weight Ear and silage yield was significant in %1level of probability. Also, Intraction of Seed Size and Cultivar effect on fresh weight stem and silage yield was significant in %5level of probability.That producted 48679 Kg /ha silage yield in %40 available water loss, 40224 Kg /ha and 30284 Kg /ha silage yield respectively in %60 & %75 available water loss. The round and wide seeds size of hybrid Ksc704 producted more silage yield. Terefore intraction period anthesis and sillking of hybrid Ksc704 with best temperature environmental of end summer, hybrid Ksc704 was best productively silage yield to Ksc500 hybrid.

to attention of water limitation in Soybean cultivation, tolerance cultivar selection for increasing grain yield is very important. In this order a research carry out in field research Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch using of factorial split in form of randomize complete block design in four replication. Main factors include irrigation rate at two levels S1 = %40 and S2 = %70 water available depletion and irrigation method at three levels M1 = Normal furrow, M2 = With one furrow interval M3 = Two row planting plots and sub factor include two cultivar V1 = Williams and V2 = L17. Measured traits including: plant height, number pod per plant, harvest index, Total dry weight, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per unit area.According to experimented results interaction effect irrigation. Cultivar at p≤5 and low irrigation. Cultivar at p≤%1 on grain yield was significant. Williams cultivar in low irrigation have been highest grain yield (1909 kg/ha). The highest and lowest grain yield in L17 cultivars obtained in low irrigation (1/74 kg/ha).Also highest grain yield Williams cultivar obtained in one furrow interval irrigation method.