مجله میکروب شناسی مواد غذایی
سال سوم شماره 10 (زمستان 1390)

In the first experiment, 12 Holstein cows in second lactation with an average of 65 days in milk on a balanced change-over design with four dietary levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent wheat bran (on the basis of dry matter) have been studied. Four periods of 28 days and three replications in each period to measure nutrient digestibility, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and predicted net energy for lactation (NEL) from TDN and dissociation energy data for different activities considered. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein of the diets containing both barley and wheat bran were higher compared to the other diets (p<0.05). Increased levels of wheat bran in the diets decreased digestibility of all nutrients. Similarly calculated TDN and NEL were also significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the second experiment, three male cattle Talysh in a completely randomized design with four levels of dietary treatments containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% wheat bran (DM basis), three repeated measurements at 9 different time for determining degradability of DM, OM, CP, NDF was used. This experiment showed that increasing levels of wheat bran non-significantly increase nutrient degradability of the experimental diets (P>0.05).

Barbussharpeyi is one of the most important native fish of Khouzestan Province which recently artificially cultured in earthen ponds. There are rare reports of nutritional requirements of this species, then in this study the effects of different level of vitamin C in diet on growth performance of Barbussharpeyi were investigated. Three hundred seventy five B. sharpeyi (21.6 ±2.26) were divided into five groups in triplicates. Treatments were fed with food supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg.kg-1 vitamin C respectively, for 60 days. Biometrical characteristics of fish measured at initial, middle and end of study and growth performance indices (SGR, FCR, FER, PER and CF,) were compared among the groups. Results showed that all growth indices (exclude CF) have been stimulated in fish fed with 400, 800 and 1600 mgkg-1 Vitamin C(P<0.05) there are no change in growth indices of fish fed with 200 mg l-1 Vitamin C. The highest SGR and FER were seen in fish fed with food supplemented with 800 and 1600 mg kg-1. It can be concluded that supplementation of food with 400, 800 and 1600 mg kg-1 Vitamin C can stimulate growth performance of B.sharpeyi.

Fasciola and Dicrocoelium are parasites from trematode worms that are common causes of infection of the vegetarian hepatic system. These parasites are important because of including weight loss, poor growth. They can also have hazards for human health such as other parasitic zoonotic diseases. This study was conducted retrospectively that research was studied 2814 cases of total slaughtered livestock including 867 cattle and 1947 sheep and goats slaughtered in Zarandieh City slaughterhouses from 1389 to the first 6 months of 1390. The prevalence infection rates of Dicrocoelium and Fasciola were recorded 5 and 38 cases (0/57% and 4/38%) for slaughter cattle, 11 and 85 cases (0/56% and 5/67%) for sheep and goats, and 139 cases (4/93%) of the total infection rate. Considering the importance of the problem there is a need to create appropriate controlling programs which will be discussed in this study.

Microbial manipulation of the environments is an important agent for development of aquaculture industry. The aim of this study is to obtain an introduction based on in vitro studies for probiotic inducing into Artemia nauplii which is the important feed source in aquaculture. For this trail two Bacillus species (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisia) were used for induction in to Artemia nauplii body during three enrichment times of 5, 10 and 24 hours after enrichment process. Artemia nauplii were enriched with three probiotic suspension contained isolated microorganism in three experimental treatments. Control treatment was prepared with three replicates. The best operation of enrichment was observed in treatment that enriched with Saccharomyces cerevisia. The assessment of probiotic count that induced into body of Artemia nauplii in different times would be useful for finding the effective and applicable time for enrichment process.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of diet formulation on Arian broiler breeder performance in 50 to 64 wk of age. The numbers of 168 female and 24 male breeders in 4 treatments with 6 replicates (7 females with a male) were used in the form of a randomized trial design 2 × 2 factorial. Four experimental diets were formulated base on two factors, first factor was included, two levels of Apparent and True Metabolisable Energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn and TMEn), the second factor was included, two levels of Total Amino Acids (TAAF) and Digestible Amino Acids (DAAF) of Feed. The results showed that egg production, egg mass and feed conversion rate were significant difference on the main effect of energy (P<0.05). Broiler breeder fed TMEn was better and significant in egg production, egg mass and feed conversion rate (P<0.05). Percentage of eggs can incubate and hatchability was significant in the main effects of energy. Percentage of eggs can incubate was significant in interaction between energy and amino acids (P<0.05). Hatchability and number of chicks per hen was significant in the main effects of amino acids of feed (P<0.05). This experiment showed that the type of formulation of diets was significant effect on broiler breeder performance and diet formulation base on AMEN and DAAF for broiler breeder was better and significant performance.

Effects of probiotics, as a dietary supplement, on amount of ammonia and urea excretion in silver carp larvae were examined. Average initial weight of fish larvae was 200±15 mg that located in four groups and three concentrations (as a control group) 1.5×106 (T1), 3×106 (T2) and 4.5×106 (T3) within 32 days. Feeding based on 6 % of body weight three times a day (6, 12 and 18 h). The rate of ammonia excretion in the control group had the most and the least amount of ammonia excretion was in T3 treatment. In all experimental treatments ammonia execration rate was lower than the control group. Urea excretion in T2 and T3 treatments significantly decreased in compared with the control group. Excretion of total energy consumed in the control group was greater than all treatments, supplementation. In between probiotic treatments, T2 and T3 treatments have reduced the energy loss. Silver carp larvae showed that during feeding diets supplement with a combination of probiotic substances they secrete less secretory, that this issue for environmental, health environmental culture and economical is important.

Zoonotic diseases have always threatened humans. They are common between human and many animals. Large numbers of dogs, especially stray dogs, are born every year. In addition, they inhabit around the cities and people's residences. Therefore, they have always been considered as threats for human health and environment. Identification of parasites in stray dogs around Isfahan, Iran would have economic, veterinary, and particularly zoonosis benefit. In this study, 112 killed stray dogs were collected from several regions of Isfahan. After autopsy in place, was moved to the laboratory. The intestines were opened longitudinally, washed with water, and examined for the presence of worms particularly Echinococcus granulosus. From 112 dogs were examined, Overall 64.7% intestinal samples of stray dogs were infected isolated worm. From 112 dogs with gastrointestinal helminthes 64.7 % was infection. Infestation of nematodes in dogs 29.1%, and cestodes in dogs 58%, A total of 6 species of cestodes Taenia ovis 26%, Taenia hydatigena 14.6 %, Taenia multiceps 7.1%, Dipylidium caninum 22.1%, Mesocestoides lineatus 8.6% and the highest rate of infection with Echinococcus was 30.2%. Identification of the parasite in the animal disease control campaign member status will help us.

Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious virulent viral disease with high prevalence among wild and domestic cloven hoof animals. Clinical symptoms consist of fever, general weakness and vesicular lesion in mouth, gums, coronary band of hoofs and teats regarding instability of genome, it and field isolates. During 2010, 9 suspected samples to FMD were detected by PCR. After sequencing the VP1 gene of the detected viruses, genotyping evolution was done. The results showed that the samples have 89-100% homology with each other and 92-95% homology with A2005 that used in vaccine. In our study, detected viruses have more relation with circulating viruses in Iraq and Pakistan that recorded in Gene Bank.