فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه و تحول
پیاپی 27 (زمستان 1395)

In new developed world, the effect of critical parameter on companies improving has considered properly. one of important subject in companies owner view's is R&D cost. in current critical situation of country and our economic life considering to priorities of economical unit’s is very Necessary. According to this subject we are see in the improved countries R&d is one of most important subject’s that has intentioned .unfortunately in our country this subject has Not considered properly and many industries didnt enter in this important Category as much as need. According to primary view we can guess that the relation between parameter of this paper is exist .however doing the scientific action by Governance organization as trade, mine and industry organization and declaring result to the industrial units can be the better way to maturate the industries owner. in this paper the kerman province Superior companies evaluation based on information from,2014 based on 2013 data's .the relation between R&D cost and primer profit has evaluated. Hypothesis test showed the Meaningful relation between R&D cost and companies profitability.

Today, success in the labor market, with the knowledge that an organization can produce, the faster the rate of accumulation of knowledge generated directly related. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of organizational trust on the success of knowledge management systems. The research population consisted of 95 middle and senior managers, experts and users knowledge management system and the enumeration method be used to collect the data. To assess this, a conceptual model based on the literature review and questionnaire design used. Path analysis was used to examine the relationship between the variables of the model in the context of structural equation modeling (software PLS) has been used. It is necessary to confirm or reject the hypothesis of coefficients and standard errors for all the confidence coefficient of 95% and 5% levels respectively. The results showed that the different dimensions of organizational trust, horizontal trust in the largest share in the success of knowledge management systems.

The main objective of the organization, improve performance and achieve a level of excellence and sustainability for the survival, growth and profitability and respond to the needs of society. This study examines the impact of organizational innovation and cost leadership organizational performance through pays competitive advantage. In this study three aspects: product innovation, process and performance. The dependent variable dimensions, including financial, customer, internal processes, growth and learning. The purpose of applied research and the nature and method of research is descriptive and quantitative data. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was performed using the software lisrl. The questionnaire consists of 54 questions drawn from Latin literature among producers is tested and simple random sampling was used to select the sample. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability and validity by experts and conducted by AVE. 320 questionnaires have been distributed among the population.The findings show that innovation does not directly have a positive impact on performance through the impact of competitive advantage. Cost leadership, both directly and through a positive impact competitive advantage. Organizational innovation and cost leadership of through competitive advantage significant and positive impact on organizational performance.

Defense innovations set of concepts, doctrine and operations that try to increase military effectiveness and include the capabilities and basic activities of an organization, association between the capabilities and military applications In order to cope with new challenges and adjusts the institution's mission is based on new capabilities. This research acknowledging the issue to evaluate the impact of organizational culture on defense capabilities and drivers of innovation is written using descriptive survey method. To achieve the above objective, there is a significant positive relationship between the components of Tuesday hypothesis corporate culture and drivers of innovation defense component of organizational culture and defensive innovation capacity components defensive drivers of innovation and innovation capacities defense development it has become. To investigate the hypothesis, we use a questionnaire consisting of 37 questions was used as a statistical sample of 90 people responded to the questions. The validity of the content validity, construct validity and reliability of the approved content by Cronbach's alpha test software SPSS, 995/0, respectively.Since the data in this study were normal, test them for analysis confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL software, the results are as follows: The components of organizational culture and drivers of innovation defense 93 percent; component of organizational culture and innovation defense capabilities 98 percent and components defensive drivers of innovation and innovation defense capabilities 96 percent positive and significant relationship exists.

Research a consumer response to price discrimination Check the base effects of discrimination and inequality on the consumer's reaction. This experimental study was designed to investigate. In this study, both state variable inequalities Discrimination on the basis of four levels have been manipulated variable. The study was conducted on restaurants. 342 students were selected for study. Finally, the hypotheses examined and the results were the results showed that consumers generally excluded from price advantages are less likely to use this type of pricing in some cases the cause discontent.

Since the human resources are generally the most important resources of any organization, managers should pay special attention to human behavior in organizations and for this purpose, they should equipped with knowledge of organizational behavior that help them to understand the behavior causes, predict and guide the behavior, so that they can lead human resources as a organizational resource toward goals of the organization. The aim of this study is: Identifying the factors affecting on the employee's silence in Sepehr Electric Company in (2015-2016). This research is descriptive – casual survey (cross-sectional) and in the terms of target is functional. The study population includes Sepehr Electric employees which according to information obtained from the company equal to the number of 494 people. The sample size is including 84 persons who are selected by random sampling method. To collect data, questionnaire was used. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the advisors and experts and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that this coefficient was obtained 0/982 for the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and Lisrel. In this regard, to test hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation is used. The results indicate that all hypotheses other than fourth hypothesis concerning the impact of group factor have not been excluded. In this way, we can this claim not to exclude that organizational, environmental and individual factors have significant impacts on organizational silence.

One of the key aspects in the financial markets and its development is fluctuation. Fluctuation plays a key role in option pricing, portfolio management and the market sentiment. In general, financial institutions are faced with four various kinds of risk, which are credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and market risk. The most appropriate method to measure the market risk is by using the VaR (value at risk). Value at Risk is statistical technique used to measure and quantify the level of financial risk within the investment portfolio over a specific time frame. It is always expressed by the monetary amount that is at risk as well as the probability of loss.
This research is to predict the VaR for a one-day period in six different industries in which three companies are monitored in each industry. The time periods of the study are 30-minute intervals between 91/11/1 to 92/4/1, in which the GARCH model is used for predicting the variance. The research then checks to see whether the data fits the normal or t-distributions models. Thus, six models are used for six different industries.
All six chosen models are deemed proper to predict the coefficients, how fit the coefficients are, and Watson statistic camera. The estimation of the variance and the Var for all models is done at a %95 confidence interval. The research concludes that the companies involved in the basic metals group are more prone to risk and have higher VaR in comparison to other industries.

In this research examined the relationship between information asymmetry and financial restatement in listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, Bid – Ask spread is used as an information asymmetry criterion. The result research using data on a sample of 89 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange, over a 10 years period (1383 to 1392), suggest that a positive and significant relationship between Bid – Ask spread and information asymmetry exists.