فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه و تحول
پیاپی 29 (تابستان 1396)

The issue of development and the related discussions play a key role in human communities. Realization of the sweet dream of development is impossible without correct management as a complex and multifacet process. The issue of development and the related discussions play a key role in human communities. Realization of the sweet dream of development is impossible without correct management as a complex and multifacet process. Development management in Iran faces many challenges recognition of which is among duties and responsibilities of the interested researchers of the country. The purpose of the research is to determine the main challenges of development management in Iran and prioritizing them based on their importance. This is a hybrid study and in the qualitative and quantitative phases, the interview and questionnaire instruments have been used, respectively.The challenges were ranked based on a specific clarification method according to their importance, the determined challenges priorities are as follows: administrative, cultural, policymaking, theoretical, political and international challenges.

Industrial Cluster is acoherent combination of specialists, venture capital, firms with superior technology and physical infrastructure that in the vicinity of universities, science and technology parks and research centers, and in a certain geographic area, produces knowledge oriented goods and services by a market-oriented management. this study is an attempt to examine the most important roles of universities and scientific centers in the development of polyethylene industrial cluster of Kermanshah. This study is an applied one according to the purpose and it is a descriptive survey according to the method. The research statistical population has consisted of managers of active firms in industrial cluster and industrial cluster polyethylene-related faculty members at universities in Kermanshah province, that the total population has been considered as sample. Also, the data collection tool is researcher made questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and AMOS softwares. The findings suggest that universities and scientific centers due to high-quality laborforce, commercialization of technology and establishment of knowledge based firms are effective on the development of polyethylene industrial cluster of Kermanshah

By creating compelling online virtual experiences with products, advertisers can potentially enhance information value of the provided product, encourage consumers for an active shopping experience, increase number of visitors for a site through unique and repeat traffic and ultimately create a competitive online advantage. Therefore, it seems necessary developing knowledge moving toward online multi-sensory experiences due to progress of developing computer technology. So aim of this study is to develop knowledge about virtual experience of consumers by testing the relationship between three-dimensional advertising and purchase decision, by considering the intermediary role of presenting on geometric and material products. There were conducted independent sample t-tests to test the hypothesis, in order to compare average differences between three-dimensional and two-dimensional terms for each dependent variable. Eventually, results of two separate in vitro studies show that three-dimensional advertising is more coordinately able to enhance presence sense than two-dimensional advertising. They will affect on aspects of purchase decision by varying degrees including product knowledge, attitude to brand and purchase intent of consumers. In addition, such a virtual experience can transform experience features to search ones; thereby, it reduces the perceived risk before purchasing in e-commerce.

This paper seeks to overcome the apparent contradictions between global demand for sustainability and the structure of conventional financial discourse by putting forth a strategy for diversifying academic finance. It comprises four sections. We first situate academic finance within the broader spectrum of social sciences and highlight its ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. Second, we show that these assumptions, taken for granted within the field of finance, are the object of much debate within other fields – as is demonstrated by controversy regarding logical positivism, social ontology and performativity –which brings out the limitations of paradigmatic unity in finance. Third, we characterize diversification in finance with reference to the nested epistemological structure of scientific discourse. We argue that diversification is a process by which (i) finance research is extended to other existing paradigms in social sciences; (ii) new research metaphors are developed within the current paradigm; and (iii) puzzle-solving robustness is achieved. Fourth, I develop a research agenda for the diversification of academic finance. This agenda is broken down into themes, paradigmatic hypotheses, and research questions.

This paper studies the congestion model development in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. To obtain the lower and upper bounds for concepts of efficiency and inputs and outputs, it is possible to apply the advantages of α-cut which exists in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Additionally, this paper proposes a new concept of congestion which examines congestion from an optimistic and pessimistic viewpoint. In this concept, the optimistic case examines congestion in a condition that the under-investigation decision making unit provides the optimum output by taking the lowest input. The pessimistic case, also, demonstrates a condition in which the under-investigation decision making unit provides the worst output by taking the optimum input. Using these two cases, the congestion is studied in fuzzy data envelopment analysis.Keywords: Data envelopment analysis, fuzzy data envelopment analysis, optimistic and pessimistic congestion, α-cut.

In this research, a mathematical model for VMI is studied. One goal is to reduce inventory costs in a two-level supply chain, while other goals consider enabling the system and help making decisions in possible demand situations and delivery times, and increasing the level of service and quality, while reducing the costs of increasing the service level. However, to gain more performance in real world problems, constraints exist, e.g. the lack of a low service level, warehouse space, budget, moving capacity, and total integrated discount. In this research, the shipments are assumed to be non-identical, and shortages are considered in two classes: lag and lost sales. Because the achieved model type is of nonlinear integer planning type and an NP-hard problem, meta-heuristic solutions should be used. Regarding two-goal minimization based on reducing total inventory cost, taking possible demand, delivery times, the non-homology of shipments into account, and also shortage and discount, to find the amount of product order and the product shortage level, the achieved model is solved using the required algorithms and tools. Regarding inventory management at two levels of seller and retailer, problems occur containing constraints. Finally, this research aims to obtain inventory management mathematical model by seller in the supply chain in conditions (such as one retailer-one seller, and one seller-multiple retailers), and to provide a solution during uncertainty, non-homology of shipments, when the shortage of lag and lost sales is permitted, and total discount.

Covering models have found many applications in a wide variety of real world problems, nevertheless some assumptions of covering models are not realistic enough, that’s why a general approach wouldn’t be able to answer needs of encountering varied aspects of real world considerations. Assumptions like unavailability of servers in emergency circumstances, postponing the process of serving customers, inevitable uncertainty in real world and evaluating more factors at the same time, are a sort of assumptions which covering models always face them but they are not able to find any answer to them. Therefore, how to deal with these sorts of assumptions has been reminded a big question. In this research, for facing unavailability, we address Backup covering and for facing uncertainty in input data, we propose Interval Full-ranking model. Furthermore, by combining backup covering and interval full-ranking models (also conceptions), not only we can save time and evaluate more factors like efficiency and cost simultaneously, but also covering considerations in real aspects are reachable. In final, we have solved the proposed model by using precise methods and Genetic revolutionary algorithm in small and large scales, respectively in order to analyze evaluate and compare the results. Results demonstrate appropriate performance of the proposed model despite simultaneous consideration of the mentioned assumptions and none of the assumptions are mutually exclusive.

The objective of this research is to assess the Intrapreneurship in the Machine carpet Industry in Zomorrod Kashan and Abrisham Shomal Companies which the population of the study includes the experts of both companies. The survey is conducted using intrapreneurship questionnaire consisting 57 questions on personal and organizational factors. Contents validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by the university professors and professionals. Also, the reliability of all components and the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, after checking the normal distribution of variables using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, skewness and kurtosis, the condition of personal factors and organizational factors in both companies are analyzed separately using one-sample t-test and finally, the differences between the conditions of the intrapreneurship factors is discussed in both companies using independent sample t-test. According to the results of inferential statistics, in both companies characteristic component is lower than average and considered as an obstacle to the intrapreneurship in both companies. Among organizational factors, in both companies, all components are above average and none of the components were identified as an obstacle to the intrapreneurship.