فصلنامه پژوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی
پیاپی 15 (پاییز 1393)

The aim of this research was to develop a research model of rumor –spreading among university students. Method of research was correlational. 400 students from Islamic Azad University of Tehran participated in this study. The assessment tools included a description of a rumor (Weeks, 2010) assessment of effect (Smith, 1995), Rumor importance (Smith et al, 1995), prior attitude to the object (Hyun Kim and Woo Bock, 2011) and intention to transmit rumor, (Weeks, 2010). The results showed that variable of belief (./11), importance (./60), confirmation of prior belief (./12) consensus (./29), impact on behavior of spreading rumors independent of medium. also cognitive variables of uncertainty and prior attitude to object mediated by positive emotion. Also by reduction of positive emotion have increased behavior of spreading rumors. findings of this study showed the importance of cognitive factors and reduction of positive emotion in transmit of rumor.

cognitive fusion is a cognitive and social conception that confuses persons in such a way that after a while they think their thoughts appear to be their experiences. In this state these persons are unable to distinguish their thoughts from real experiences. The main of this paper is to study exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in the scale of cognitive fusion among Fars universities including Payame-Noor and traditional universities. the study is correlational. A total of students of Fars universities (Shiraz, Jahrom and Fasa medical sciences) were selected. In order to collected the data, a standard questioner was used and analysis by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. exploratory factor analysis led to two subscales of cognitive fusion and cognitive defusion. Item number 13 was deleted due to the factor loading less than0.50 and the number of items was decreased to 12 items. In confirmatory factor analysis 9 questions was used in the subscale of cognitive fusion and 3 question in the subscale of cognitive defusion. in general, the revised scale of cognitive fusion is of desirable validity and reliability and can be used to assess student’s cognitive fusion. Therefore, the model is an acceptable one and fits the data.

Interpersonal conflicts and social problems are predominant social issues. To solve interpersonal conflicts and social problems, people need should use communication skills and mindfulness. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of communication skills and mindfulness on interpersonal conflicts and social problem solving. Using random stratified sampling, 370 students were selected from Ahar Azad University. They were assessed by Burton communication skills questionnaire (1990), Bauer Mindfulness Questionnaire (2006), Rahim Interpersonal Conflict questionnaire (1986), and Dahlberg social problem Solving Questionnaire (2008). Data were analyzed by path analysis. Findings showed that mindfulness and communication skills have positive and significant role in coping with interpersonal conflicts and social problem solving. Communication skills and mindfulness can influence social problem solving and reduce the interpersonal conflicts. Using communication skills prevents from misunderstanding interpersonal behaviors, hence help an individual to adapt with social needs and keep satisfying interpersonal relationships. Besides, by focusing on being in the present moment, mindfulness leads to the impedement of internal stresses, therefore, increases internal relief and reassurance as well as being aware of daily activities. Therefore set the stage for solving interpersonal, social conflicts and problems.

In this study, reliability, validity and standardization of Social health questionnaire among Tehran citizens are investigated. A sample size of 554 people (358 females and 196 males) was selected through multistage random sampling. Questionnaire of 33 item primary social health was designed based on the Keys and Shapiro (2004) perspective, and the scoring based on 5 degrees Likert was done. In the exploratory factor analysis, 4 questions from entire questionnaire were omitted because of weakened loading and, resulting reliability coefficient of the 28 item questionnaire using a test-retest (0/85) and internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient equal (. /77), were obtained. Principal component analysis showed that 5 factors together explained 40.99% of variance. In the confirmatory factor analysis by using AMOS software, the same results were obtained, but question of 9 in none of factors were reloaded. As a result, the questionnaire was reduced to 28 items. The results showed that 5 factor social health questionnaire has suitable reliability and validity.

This study examined the effects of cognitive style and social identity on social tolerance in students. The study population consisted of all students from Shahid Chamran University, of which 277 were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire revised identity style (type IV) and Peter King and tolerance questionnaire (1976). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results of regression analysis showed that normative identity style could predict tolerance in religious beliefs and political views. This style could also predict negatively behavior tolerance. Confusing identity style could negatively predict tolerance in political and ideological views while predict positively behavior tolerance. Overall, the results showed that identity styles impact on social tolerance.

The aim of this research was to study psychometric elementary characteristics of Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure in women and men residents of Tehran city. Statistical population of research was included all women and men living in Tehran that 800 women and men were selected through multi-phases clustering sampling. Partiants responded to Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (Gibbons & Buunk, 1999). For studying the scale`s reliability we used Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and test-retest method, and for studying valilidity, content validity and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Pearson and Cronbach`s alpha coefficients showed that this scale has high reliability in both abilities and opinions factors. The results of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the model has good fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Gibbons and Buunk (1999). Also, results of normalization showed that median of abilities and opinions in the Iranian sample were 20 and 17 respectively. According to research results, Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure is a reliable and valid tool for measuring social comparison among Tehranian women and men.

Social intelligence is defined as capacity of social information processing, social skills and social awareness. Attachment styles are effective factors in developing interpersonal relationships formed in childhood. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining social intelligence according to attachment dimensions. In a correlation study, a sample of 274 participants was selected using stratified sampling method. Participants answered to Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale and Revised Adult Attachment Inventory. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results showed that all three components of attachment styles were related to social intelligence, but anxious and avoidant attachments styles showed high contribution in predicting of social intelligence, respectively. Results show contribution of secure attachment styles in developing social intelligence.