فصلنامه پژوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی
پیاپی 16 (زمستان 1393)

Due to higher energy consumption in Iran than the global average, it seems necessary to study effective ways in order to modify behavioral patterns of energy consumers in the country. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of conventional methods on changing attitudes and behaviors of consumers of electrical energy in Tehran Metropolis. In this experimental research, we selected an 80-unit residential complex in north of Tehran and divided randomly to four 20- units blocks as behavioral, cognitive, and combinatorial and control groups. The effect of performed independent Variables was measured by analyzing the data of attitude Assessment Questionnaire that has been made by the Researcher and recorded consumption of electricity. Data analyses showed that after performing independent variables, the cognitive and combinational groups’ attitudes were significantly different from the pre-test. This difference was only in the cognitive field of attitude and there was no significant difference in behavioral and emotional fields of attitude. Change of attitude in the combinational group was significantly higher than cognitive group. Behavioral and control groups attitude was not significantly different from pre-test. At the consumption field there was no significant difference among the four groups consumption with pre-test, after offering Independent variables, and In pursuit of the next reading period equivalent to two months later showed no significant difference in consumption. The results indicate that simultaneous use of behavioral and cognitive techniques is more effective in changing consumer attitudes than measuring them separately in addition, Behavioral methods does not impact on consumers’ attitudes. Also changes in consumers’ attitudes do not necessarily lead to behavior changes.

The set of mental strategies based on which individuals change their thoughts during social relationships is called cognitive avoidance, which, along with social decisional procrastination can lead to social anxiety. Thus, the purpose of this study is to address the role ofcognitive avoidance and decision making procrastination in predicting social anxiety among students.

The research design is of descriptive correlational type. The statistical population of the study consists of all boy students in high schools in Delfan in the academic year 2013-2014. The sample consisted of 220 students who were selected using random cluster-multistage sampling. To collect the data, the Cognitive Avoidance Scale, Decisional Procrastination Scale and Social Anxiety Scale were used. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multivariate regression analysis.

The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant positive relationship (p 0.01) between cognitive avoidance and social anxiety (with r= 0.44). There was also a significant positive relationship (P 0.01) between decisional procrastination and social anxiety (with r=0.41). Also the results of the regression showed that cognitive avoidance and decisional procrastination explained 22 percent of the variance of the students’ social anxiety, and these variables (cognitive avoidance and decisional procrastination) are the strongest predictors of social anxiety among students.

The results suggest that dysfunctional assumptions in social situations and decisional procrastination are among the risk factors affecting of students’ social anxiety.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Body Dysmorphic Disorder with Internet addiction and loneliness among adolescent girls in Tehran. 150 female students from high schools in Tehran were selected by single stage cluster sampling and answered to BDD, IAD and Loneliness questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Simultaneous Regression. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between BDD with IAD and Loneliness (p<0.01). IAD was significantly related to loneliness (p<0.01, r=0.22) and BDD can display IAD and loneliness among female students. Body Dysmorphic Disorder can predispose Internet Addiction and loneliness among adolescent girls.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of classroom management practices and perception of school climate on procrastination. The Statistical population of the study includes all high schools teachers in Dehdasht cities. A sample size of 216 people was selected through multistage random sampling. Data collection tools were included questionnaire on attitudes and beliefs of teachers about classroom management style of Martin and Baldwin (1998), Inventory of Organizational Climate by Halpin and Kraft (1984), and the scale of organizational procrastination by Saffarinia and Amirkhani (2011). To analyze the data, SPSS and AMOS Software’s and Methods of path analysis were used. Results of the research revealed that the pure effect of intervening and no-intervening of classroom management on the perceptions of school climate was: 0.19 and 0.22, respectively. Non-direct effect on the procrastination was -0/055, -0/06 respectively. Intervening, no intervening and interactive classroom management was: 0/0001, 0/07, and 0/09 respectively. the results showed that; none of the classroom management Practices Have had any direct effect on teachers’ procrastination. But the effects of intervening and non-intervening management with the perceptions of school climate’s mediating were meaningful on teachers’ procrastination. Finally intervening and non-intervening management procedures (but not interactive) had meaningful direct effect on the perceptions of school climate.

Aggression is one of the most common problems in social environments that endanger people's welfare. The purpose of this study was to validate the aggression scale among primary school students. 607 students of Semnan were selected by using a stratified sampling method and they answered aggression scale, Illinois bullying scale and Harter’s motivation questionnaire. In order to analyze data, Factor analysis method, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlations were used. Factor analysis showed that the aggression scale has two factors. Validation showed that the structures with bullying (0.63), Discipline (-0.17), academic motivation (-0.15) and academic achievement (-0.22) has a significant relationship (p≤.01). Also Aggression scale reliability using Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.74 and for each of the subscales, including bullying and anger was 0.70 and 0.66 respectfully. results indicate that aggression in the Persian version of the questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties of school students, and it can be used as a valid instrument in psychological research.

The aim of this study was investigating the role of Muharram and Safar mourning on the social well-being. For this purpose the social health questionnaire in two steps with intervals of approximately two months (first of Muharram and end of Safar) were answered by 132 participants, 50 males and 82 females, between 20 to 67 years old that selected as in available from north, south, east and west residential complex in Tehran. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Covariance. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that social health scores of who participated in Muharram's ritual was significantly increased than those who did not participated in rituals of mourning (P<0/05). In addition, results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that participating in Muharram's ritual was significantly effective on increasing components of Social integration (F=11/95, p=0/001), Social acceptance (F=4/4, p=0/038), and Social contribution (F=16/75, p=0/00). In general, participating in ritual religious mourning puts the individual in a social and dynamic group process and is an important factor in developing and increasing social interactions, and as a result can increase social well-being of individuals in society.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Acceptance/Commitment Training on improving social well-being in students with Specific Learning Disorder.

The type of this research is was an experimental study with the pre- and post-test one with control group design. Statistical population of the study included all boys’ students who were in Fifth grade with specific learning disorder (SLD) in Ardabil city in school year of 2014-2015. 40 male students with specific learning disorder (SLD) were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups (n = 20 for each group). The data were collected using Structured Clinical Interview based on DSM-V, Kay-Math Mathematic Test, Revan IQ test, The Diagnostic Test of Reading Disorders of Shafei et al, Fallah Chaei express written test and Social well-being scale.

Results of multivariate of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that Acceptance/Commitment Training has positive effect on improving all components of social well-being such as Social integration, Social acceptance, Social contribution, Social Coherence, Social actualization, in students with specific learning disorder (SLD).

It can be concluded that Acceptance/Commitment Training is useful in improving social well-being of these students.