فصلنامه پژوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی
پیاپی 9 (بهار 1392)

The purpose of the present research was to investigate role of religiosity and perceived educational styles in high-risk behavior among female and male university students. Method research was correlation and the statistical community of this study was including all male and female students in Tehran University, who were enrolled in the 1388-89 academic year. The sample group was included 182 college students (83 female and 93 male) that have been chosen through multistage random sampling method. Assessment instruments wase the «Religiosity Scale, Bastami and Bahrami Ehsan, 1387», Perception of Parental scale (POPS) and «High-risk Behaviors Questionnaire, 2007 version». Data were analyzed using path analysis. Results show a significant role of religiosity and perceived educational styles on high-risk behaviors. This suggests we should increase of religiosity in order to decrease the degree of high-risk behavior.

The purpose of this study was to investigate of ethnic prejudice and social adjustment regarding marriage, neighborhood, co-working and friendship. In this study 240 students participated who were from four ethnic groups: Tork, Fars, Kord, and Lor from shahid beheshti university according to convenience. They were 30 men and 30 women from each ethnicity. Participants answered Bell Adjustment Scale (social adjustment subscale) and prejudice questionnaire. Both of the tools have high degrees of validity and reliability. Data were analyzed through using t-test, regression, U mann-whitney test, Friedman and Wilcoxon. Results of the study show that all ethnic groups prefer their ethnic groups in marriage, neighborhood, co-working and friendship. In addition, participants of this study showed less prejudice to Fars people compared to other ethnic groups. The highest prejudice was expressed in marriage and the least prejudice was found in friendship. Regression analyze showed among the factors of communication, social adjustment and sex, only sex factor could predict prejudice.

Purpose of this study was to investigate high schools student's perception of justice. 797 boys and girls students from public and private high schools from sections 1, 11, and 18 regions in Tehran participated in the study. Research instruments were 2 questionnaires made by researchers about justice expectation and justice evaluation. Results revealed that perception of justice is different among the students according to their gender, types of school, and the region they live in.

Belief in a Just World theory suggests that people naturally tend to believe that they live in a world where everyone gets what he/she deserves. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between belief in a just world, General Health, and locus of control in human science undergraduate student of Tehran Payame Noor University.374 students were randomly selected and answered questionnaires; the Belief in a Just World Questionnaire (Sutton &Douglas, 2005), the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972) and the Rotters Internal-External Locus of Control Questionnaire (Rotter, 1966). Data analysis showed that there were negative and significant relationships between General Health and Belief in a Just World, and Locus of Control and Belief in a Just World. Beliefs in just world can predict internal locus of control and general health.

This research has studied the effectiveness of logo therapy on social adjustment and affective adjustment of women with marital conflicts. The method of this study was semi experimental and the design was for two groups with pre-test post-test with the control group. Participants were selected from women with marital conflicts who referred to Rasht Welfare Counseling Clinic in 1390 at 3 month intervals. 62 women answered social adjustment and affective adjustment questionnaires. Then 30 women with low scores in social adjustment and affective adjustment were randomly assigned in two groups: experimental and control. Logo therapy instructive package and Bell Adjustment Questionnaire were used for the purpose of this study. While control group received no instruction, experimental group received logo therapy instruction during 8 sessions in 90 minutes weekly. After instruction, social adjustment and affective adjustment of both groups were measured. Results showed that logo therapy has significant effect on social adjustment and affective adjustment of women with marital conflict. In other words, covariance analysis showed that logo therapy has increased social and affective adjustments of women with marital conflicts. These research findings confirm other similar studies.

The present research investigate effectiveness of life skills training on self esteem, assertiveness and interpersonal relationships among university students. This experimental study, as pre- and post-test with a control group, was conducted in the academic year of 1390-1391.A group of 80 students of mohaghegh ardabili University were selected through randomized sampling into experimental and control groups (40 students for each group). The life skills training program was used in experimental group for 8 sessions. The Rozenberg self esteem inventory, Shiring Assertiveness Inventory and sub-scale Interpersonal Relationships Bradbere & Geryoz Questionnaire were applied to evaluate the variables before and after training. The collected data were analyzed by means of using MANCOVA at the significant level of P<0.05. The life skills training in experimental group showed a significant increase in the self-esteem, assertiveness and interpersonal relationship among students (P<0.05). Training the life skills can be used as a method to improve the self esteem, assertiveness and interpersonal relationships among student.

The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating effect of individual accountability in causal relations among personality traits, stress and OCB. 250 faculty members from three state universities were selected using random stratified sampling. The data were gathered through NEO big five factor inventories and stress, OCB and individual accountability questionnaires. To evaluate the relations among latent variables, measured in conceptual model, the Structural Equation Modeling was used. The results showed that the personality trait of conscientiousness bears a negative and significant relation with stress, a positive and significant relation with felt accountability, and the personality trait of agreeableness bears a positive and significant relation with OCB and a negative and significant relation with accountability. The results also showed that the relation between conscientiousness and stress is mediated through accountability. Meanwhile, the mediating role of accountability in the relation between agreeableness and OCB was not confirmed. The results suggest on the necessity of reassessing the mediating role of accountability in surveying the causal relation among personality traits, stress and OCB.

The purpose of this research was to study of the relationship between personality traits and components of love with marital satisfaction at Ardabil Health & Treatment Centers. The statistical universe consists of 150 married persons (90 men and 60 women) who have been selected on simple random sampling method among employees of Ardebil Health & Treatment Centers and answered to questionnaires of Neo Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R, 1992), Sternberg Triangle of Love (1986) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction (1989). The data was analyzed by Pearson Correlative and Multivariable Regression statistical methods. The results show that there is positive significant correlation between conscientiousness, extraversion (C, A, E), intimacy, passion and commitment with marital satisfaction and there is negative significant correlation between neuroticism (N) with marital satisfaction. But, there is no significant correlation between openness (O) and agreeableness with marital satisfaction. To predict marital satisfaction based on personality traits and components of love, the 4 components of intimacy, passion, neuroticism (N) and conscientiousness (C) can predict marital satisfaction; in a way that these 4 variables explained 42% of marital satisfaction variance. There is a correlation between personality traits and components of love with marital satisfaction and the love of intimacy is the best factor for prediction of marital satisfaction.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of social orientation on moral behavior, regarding the mediating role of altruism. Through a random multi-stage cluster method, 407 students were selected from Tabriz University. Participates answered Lussier Moral Behavior Inventory, Harrison social orientation questionnaire, and a researcher-made questionnaire on altruism. Results showed that the more social orientation increases, the more is moral behavior. On the other hand, by increasing of altruism, as a mediating variable, moral behavior is increased. Furthermore, as social orientation rises, altruism is enhanced. Besides, findings of path analysis through regression analysis revealed that social orientation could have a direct effect on moral behavior or it could indirectly influence it through the mediating role of altruism. In addition, results obtained by multiple regression method suggested that both altruism and social orientation could predict part of the changes observed in moral behavior in a compound manner.