نشریه پژوهش های معاصر در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Competitiveness and sport commitment of Women's Football Pro League of Iran. Research method of this study was correlation. The population of this study was consist of all women football player presented in 2th course of match in women football pro league. The sample size of the research was equal to the population size that was 200 players. The instrument for data collecting was consist of Gil (1988) Competitiveness questioner (with 13 items), and Scanlon (1993) sport commitment questioner (with 14 item). Validity of questioner approved by 10 professional sport management professors, and the reliability of the questioner calculated by Choronbachs alpha coefficient (Competitiveness alpha=0.80, sport commitment alpha=0.75). In order to verify the normality of data distribution, the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test was used. Data analyzed by Descriptive and inferential tests such as Pearson correlation and simple regression. Result showed that there is a significant correlation between Competitiveness and sport commitment. Based on result of this study, in order to increasing the sport commitment of the women football players, following actions can be done: Setting challengeable and achievable Goals to increasing Competitiveness and then sport commitment, setting individual goals, doing competitive matches.

Acculturation and generalization of sport in each society depends on promotion of affective factors. The present study have been considered to analyzing the affective factors of sport acculturation from all student of master degree views in urmia university. This conceptual models includes four effective variables on sport acculturation (socialization, lifestyle, behavior value and attitudes to globalization) that by study of literature review, theoretical foundation and expert survey have been approved. This research method was descriptive survey and applicable. The statistical population consisted all students of MA and Phd degree of urmia university in1393 that according to provided statics by university they were totally 4250 persons. Sample include 258 MA students and 68 Phd students that for study were selected randomly. In this study we use sport acculturation questionnaire (kashef,1390) with acceptance reliability of 0/86. In order to analysis of obtained data in addition to descriptive indicators the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) and independent t-test was used. The results indicate the value of behavior factor with variance 97/0% explains of sport acculturation. Test research hypotheses shows that only there are significant differences in lifestyle factors.

Nowadays, marketing has been changed because of changes in technology, a lot of information and variety in choose, which is available for costumer. Experiential marketing is one of the new methods to achieve these needs. Experiential marketing is the process of recognition and resolve the customer’s needs to make profit and added value by two-way communication. The purpose of this study was to investigat the psychometric properties of the experiential marketing questionnaire among the consumers of sport products. The questionnaires were administrated to 340 customer. The psychometric properties were determined based on the appropriate statistical methods. The results obtained from the factor analysis via varimax rotaition indicated the five factors of the experiential marketing scale. The relationship between 8 scales on first scale were 0.333, on second scale were more than 0.447, 5 on third scale were more than 0.51, 5 on forth scale were more than 0.3 and 4 scales on fifth were more than 0.345. The reliability coefficients of the internal consistency including Cronbach’s alpha was satisfactory for elements and factors (0/885). According to the estimated psychometric properties, this instrument can be used by the researchers in order to assess the four achievement goal orientations among the sport product’s customer.

The main purpose of this research is the extract of components of cultural intelligence from the popular TV program of Navad. This research is a descriptive - combination study from the perspective of strategy and the route is content analysis and the aim is objective and also the data is collected by documentary sources, the time study and the time period of research is sectional. The study population included all episodes of Navad program that show by the TV of Islamic Republic of Iran in first half of 1393. The study results showed that the components of cultural intelligence from the theory of Ang and Van Dyne (2004) from the highest to the lowest frequency percent included behavioral component 33/61%, motivational component 31/4%, cognitive component 30/61% and metacognitive component 4/72%. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance these dimensions especially metacognitive component as an essential aspect for the formation of other dimensions, Part of the program should be devoted to the analysis of sports events with cultural intelligence perspective. Also, the promotion of aspects and the attention of cultural intelligence components by this popular program can have a positive effect on the view of sports managers, administrators and those involved in the field of sport.

In recent decades, the idea of competitive balance of professional leagues has greatly been attended to in Sports Economics. Competitive Balance refers to the fan's prediction of which team may win. In order to remain dynamic and actively present in the economic competitions of sport fields, major sports leagues need an optimal level of competitive balance. Thus, the present research has meant to study the competitive balance of Iran's premier league of football and those of other major Asian leagues using such economic standards as premier K, Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient. This study is a descriptive one in which, for gaining the necessary data, we have gathered and studied the ranking tables of the premier leagues of the intended countries from 2006 to 2013. Results thus gained showed that the leagues of Iran with respect to premier K factor, have the best possible status,but of circumstances tow standards took the one to sixth positions. So, we suggest that proper regulations be set by the officials of football federations and the premier leagues organization so that through such factors as player's transfer, providing the conditions for making incomes for all the clubs from the right of TV projection of their games, and advertisements they can have better competitions among them.

The purpose of this study was relationship between brand characteristics to brand Loyalty in product of sport shoes. Research method was descriptive-correlation. 305 customers of this product, complete questionnaires of this research. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used. All data were analyzed with using the software spss at a significant level p≤0.05. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between brand satisfaction (r=0.52), brand trust (r=0.50), brand experience (r=0.57), Category fit of brand (r=0.60), Image fit of brand (r=0.40) and perceived value of brand (r=0.42) to brand loyalty. the logistic regression analysis showed that the overall Predictor variables could explain 45% of the variance of brand loyalty. According to the results of this study, suggest that programs of loyalty building of consumers to the brand, should be simple and functional, and attend evenly on all factors affecting of brand loyalty.

The present study was conducted to evaluate strategic thinking among managers of national tourism and sport association. Statistical population composing of 65 persons included all managers of national tourism and sport association. To evaluate this concept, Jeanne Liedtka model (1998) with five elements (system perspective, strategic intent, intelligent opportunism, hypothesis-driven thinking and thinking in time) was applied. Apparent and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by management professors and its reliability was obtained as 0.81 using Cronbach’s alpha through a primary test. Results showed that systems perspective, strategic intent, intelligent opportunism, hypothesis-driven thinking and thinking in time had the highest importance among managers of tourism and sport association; respectively. Despite the moderate to high importance of strategic thinking dimensions, there is difference among these dimensions meaning that thinking in time and hypothesis-driven thinking are the weakest dimensions demanding more planning for being fortified. The correlation between dependent and independent variables indicated that work experience plays the most critical role in managers’ strategic thinking.