Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 1, 2017

Physical activity is an integral part of human life. Among significant biological changes during physical activity are increase of metabolism and production of free radicals. Free radical can be defined as molecule or molecular fragments containing unpaired electron in the outer orbital, which react with nearby molecules to obtain stability. These highly reactive molecules have various deleterious effects, such as reduced force generation and increased muscle atrophy. There is evidence that ROS produced during exercise has positive adaptation effects. ROS production leads to increased expression of the anti-oxidants. These molecules, by neutralizing free radicals, neutralize the negative effects of ROS. In addition, exercise-induced ROS leads to the expression of PGC-1α protein, having a significant impact on various aspects of cell metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular respiration as well as metabolism of fat and glucose. This paper provides an overview of the evidence to date on the effects of ROS on exercising muscle. These aspects include the sources of ROS, their positive and negative cellular effects, role of antioxidants, and ROS-dependent adaptations of muscle cells in response to physical exercise.

Studies have shown that exposure to oil paint and chemical vapor emissions is followed by physiological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhalation of oil-paint fumes of construction industry on serum level of FSH, LH, Estradiol and 17-Alpha- Hydroxyprogesterone in female rats.
Material & In this experimental study, 15 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and groups exposed to paint vapor emissions for 1 and 8 h/day. After 10 weeks, blood samples were prepared using cardiac puncture method and after serum preparation, level of FSH, LH, estradiol and 17-alpha- hydroxyprogesterone was measured by radioimmunoassay method and finally data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of P The mean serum levels of FSH and LH in experimental groups which inhaled oil-paint fumes for 1 and 8 h/day increased significantly (P Results show that exposure to oil paint fumes, due to their components such as heavy metals and paint solvent, by some possible mechanisms such as free radical formation, and oxidative stress induction could disrupt the secretion of FSH, LH, Estradiol and 17-Alpha- Hydroxyprogesterone hormones.

In the previous studies, the beneficial effects of oral administration of probiotic bacteria in treatment of some gastrointestinal cancer have been documented. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of the bacterial cell wall extract Bifidobacterium bifidum on proliferation of human erythromyeloid cancer cell line K562.
Material & After culturing the bacteria, and preparing cell wall fractions, dilutions of 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 µg/ml bacteria cell walls were prepared in sterile conditions. K562 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in a conventional manner in the presence of different concentrations of bacteria from cell wall extract with the doxorubicin concentration of 0.1 mM. In order to assess the anticancer property of the abovementioned extract the MTT test was utilized. The T-Student test was used in order to analyze the data using SPSS 21.
The minimum effective concentration of bacteria extract on the viability of K562 cells and PBMC was 2000 and 4000 µg/ml, respectively.
The selected bacterial extract killed more cancer cells than PBMC cells.

Diabetes impairs the reproduction with gonadal damage and changes in sex hormone secretion. Due to the antioxidant and hypoglycemia properties of Launaea acanthodes the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes on the hormones of pituitary-gonad axis and testis histological changes in male diabetic rats.
In this experimental study 32 male rats were divided into 4 equal groups. Control, diabetic control and experimental diabetic treated with aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes (100 and 200 mg/kg). The diabetes was induced using an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. Aqueous extract of Launaea acanthodes was intraperitoneally injected into the experimental diabetic groups, alternate days for one month. Sterile distilled water was injected to the animals of control and diabetic control groups. At the end of injection period, serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrogen, LH and FSH were measured by ELISA method. Then, the testis sections were prepared and were examined by means of light microscope.
Compared to the diabetic control group serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrogen, LH, FSH, also the average diameter and the average thickness of germinal epithelium seminiferous tubules in diabetic groups treated with concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg Launaea acanthodes extract dose-dependently increased (p Administration of Launaea acanthodes extract increases the activity of pituitary-gonad axis in male diabetic rats and also it has protective effect against testicular damage induced by diabetes.

Nowadays, the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a substance with effective antibacterial activity and biosynthesis has been increased because of being low cast and compatible with the environment. This study reports biosynthesis AgNPs with aqueous extract of GT (C.sinensis) and compares antibacterial activity with aqueous, methanol and ethanol extract.
To prepare nanoparticle, 2 ml extract was added to 4ml silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) with concentration 1Mm. Effective parameter on synthesis AgNPs were optimized and studied to obtain individual shape and size of nanoparticles. For characterization AgNPs, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry were applied. Disk diffusion, well diffusion and Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for the investigation of antimicrobial activity of the extracts and AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were utilized respectively.
AgNPs showed maximum absorbance at 411 nm and they were spherical shape with the average size between 14.52-18.23 nm. AgNPs high antibacterial activity was compared with three extracts against microorganism.
AgNPs which were synthesized by GT have very good antibacterial activity compared extracts and can be used as an effective alternative in medical application.

Lichens are the result of the symbiosis of fungi and algae or a cyanobacterium. Various biological activities of some lichen and their components such as: antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal substances are known. In the present study, antifungal activity of methanolic extract of Protoparmeliopsis muralis against Aspergillus flavus is investigated on rats.
500 g of Protoparmeliopsis muralis was collected from KaneGonbad mountains in Ilam province, the methanol extract was prepared by soxhle. In order to determine the antifungal activity in in vivo conditions, a wound was created and infected with Aspergillus flavus. Having infected the wound, the researchers divided the rats into 4 subgroups: negative control group, treated with Kotrimoksazol, %5 ointment extract methanolic P. muralis, and with %10 ointment extract methanolic P. muralis. Treatment continued until complete healing of the wound. Finally, the percentage of wound healing was calculated.
The result of the present study demonstrated that methanolic extract of P. muralis decreased the area of wound in the treatment group compared to the control group.
The antifungal and antioxidant activity of the extract of Protoparmeliopsis muralis accelerated the wound healing process.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of four-week high-intensity interval training with beta-alanine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance and some blood parameters in girls basketball players.
This was a quasi-experimental study. Twenty female basketball players, with the mean age of 24.65 ± 4.81 years, height of 166.97 ± 4.12 cm, weight of 59.15 ± 5.23 kg and body mass index of 21.5 ± 1.23 kg/m2, were divided into two groups, including intervention (exercise supplement) and control groups. Two days before and after the intervention, the subjects performed Wingate test (to estimate the average aerobic power) and Bruce test (to estimate VO2max).The subjects attended basketball training two sessions per week; Intervention group performed high-intensity interval training in addition to the basketball training in every session. The dose of beta-alanine supplementation was 2.4, 3.6, 4.8 g per day. After four weeks, creatine kinase and lactate levels and performance tests were reevaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21, with a significance level of P VO2max and anaerobic power increased significantly and fatigue index decreased significantly compared to the control group (p0.05).
This study showed that high-intensity interval training with beta-alanine supplementation resulted in delay in the fatigue threshold, stabilization of PH and hydrogen ions balance, increased aerobic-anaerobic capacity and exercise performance in female basketball players.

C-kit cells are the most important cardiac stem cells and have Myogenic and Vasculogenic properties. Exercise training tends to stimulate these cells. This study aims to investigate the effect of intense and moderate interval aerobic training and curcumin consumption on the gene expression of c-Kit stem cells of heart in old rats.
35 Wistar old female rats of about two years were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, saline, curcumin, moderate training curcumin and intense training curcumin. 30 mg Curcumin for each kg of their body weight was given by gavage to the rats in experimental groups 3 days a week. The saline group was given the same amount of saline. Both groups underwent interval aerobic training on treadmill 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks, with high and medium intensity. 48 hours after the last training and gavage, c-Kit gene expression for cardiac stem cells was measured.
The results indicated that in each Curcumin group, c-Kit level increased significantly compared to that of the control group (P=0.003). The mean of moderate exercise curcumin group was significantly higher than the mean of curcumin, saline and control groups (P Regular consumption of curcumin alone or combined with regular aerobic interval exercise training can significantly increase the cardiac stem cells and can be effective in restoring old rats heart. The effect of exercise on the cardiac stem cells, however, appears to be dependent on the intensity of training.

Skin is of great significance for protecting body against dehydration, bleeding and invading microorganisms. The wounds are prone to bacterial infections and may increase the possibility of scar formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenytoin cream and aqueous Mazu extract on wound healing in rats.
Material & 30 male Wistar rats weighing 200-180 g were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. Having created a 2-cm wound in the animal’s neck (epidermal and dermal), the researchers administered normal saline (control), phenytoin cream, aqueous extract of Quercus Infectoria Galls to the groups with concentrations of 5%, 25%, and 50% to heal them for 21 days. On the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th, and 2st, day the diameter of the wound was measured. On 21st day, wound sampling was carried out and prepared for histopathological studies.
Improvement percentage in the group that received 5% aqueous extract was more than other groups and this difference was significant among control groups on the 3rd, 6th, 9th , and 18th day (P According to its antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, the 5% aqueous extract of Quercus Infectoria Galls can be important in wound healing and even superior to phenytoin.

The emergence of fungal drug-resistance and also different side- effects related to the currently available drugs has led to a high demand for novel antifungal drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of methanolic and aquatic extracts of Callistemon viminalison on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro.
Having dried the leaves, the researchers prepared the extracts by distillation using methanol and water. The minimum lethal activity of 500, 250 and 125 µg/ml concentrations of the extracts on the yeast C.albicans was tested using disk diffusion and dilution method. In order to study the synergistic effect, a standard strain of C. albicans was cultured on medium containing methanol extract and then amphotericin B discs were put on it.
Based on the results, the antifungal activity of Callistemon viminalis methanol extract on C.albicans was more than the aqueous extract. In considering the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the methanol extract of the Callistemon viminalis at a concentration of 62.5μg/ml and the aqueous extract at a concentration of 250μg/ml inhibitory effect on C. albicans. The inhibition zone diameter of amphotericin B was 18mm and should be combined with Callistemon viminalis methanol extract at a concentration of 62.5μg/ml was 21mm, and also in combination with the aqueous extract at a concentration 250μg/ml it was 19 mm.
Although amphotericin B is the most effective drug for treating systemic fungal infections, its effect will increases when combined with Callistemon viminalis extracts.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of nosocomial infections that has several specific adhesion molecules factors which can be bound to a variety of host matrix extracellular proteins and replaced by host tissues. This binding is mediated by a family of proteins known as microbial surface components known as adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) which includes fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP) and fibrinogen binding protein (Clf). Comprehensive studies regarding the genetic abilities of S. aureus isolates especially MRSA which have binding mediators seem essential.
In this study 74572 clinical samples of blood, urine, sputum and other clinical samples of patients who were admitted to Tehran Milad Hospital were collected. 180 Staphylococcus aureus strains were identified after diagnostic tests. In order to determine MRSA isolates Cefoxitin disc diffusion method was used. The presence and frequency of fnbA, fnbB and clf genes was determined by PCR.
From 180 Staphylococcus aureus strains 159 strains (88%) had fnbA gene,47 strains (26%) had fnbB gene and 36 strains (20%) had clf gene. The simultaneous frequency of fnbA and fnbB was 42 (23%), fnbA and Clf was 32 (18%) and fnbB and Clf was 9 (5%). The presence of all three genes together was 9 (5%).
The results showed that there was no significant relationship between fnbA, fnbB and clf genes and clinical sample type, gender and age of patients and MRSA and MSSA isolates.

Herbal essential oils like Bunium persicum L. due to having anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties, can be effective in prolongation of food shelf life. Considering environmental consequences arising from plastic packs, biodegradable covering films such as chitosan combined with herbal essential oils are an appropriate approach to controlling the chemical and microbial factors of food. This study aimed at investigating the anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effect of Bunium persicum L. essential oil combined with chitosan film on chicken meat packaging.
Chitosan films were prepared with different percentage of Bunium persicum L. essential oil (0, 1 & 2%). Films were produced after homogenization and molding using casting method with glycerol (plasticizer) and tween 80 (emulsifier). Chemical and microbial tests were performed on days 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 on chicken fillets without film (control) and those having different films, which were stored in°4 C. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS.
Chicken samples packed with various films indicated lower values of chemical and microbial factors compared with control samples (p≤0.05) and generally a dose-response trend was observed by addition of essential oil.
Chicken meat packing with chitosan film, especially by adding different levels of Bunium persicum L. essential oil can play an inhibitory role in increasing effective factors related to chemical and microbial spoilage.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition recognized by demyelination in the central nervous system. The present study was conducted to investigate the interactive role of stressful life events, reinforcement sensitivity, and personality traits in prediction of the severity of symptoms of Multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms.
This is a correlational study whose statistical population consisted of all the patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis in Shiraz in the first half of 1394, among whom 162 patients were included in this research by means of purposive sampling method. Five-Factor Personality Inventory, Jackson Personality Inventory, Stressful Life Events Scale, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were utilised as research tools. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential methods were used. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression.
The findings revealed that stressful life events (β = 0.41, p Stressful life events, Behavioral Inhibition System, and neuroticism showed a significant relationship with the severity of symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis; thus, it seems that interaction of personality traits and environmental conditions are among influential factors of the severity of symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. This fact implies that individual's personal traits play an eminent role in the progression of the disease.

Urinary tract infection caused by E. coli is one of the most common illnesses in all age groups worldwide. Presence of virulence genes is a key factor in bacterial pathogens in uroepithelial cells. The present study was performed to detect iha, iroN, ompT genes in the Uropathogenic E.coli isolates from clinical samples using multiplex-PCR method in Kerman.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 200 samples of patients with urinary tract infections in Kerman hospitals were collected. After biochemical and microbiological tests, all strains were tested with regard to the presence of iha, iroN, and ompT genes using multiplex-PCR method.
The results of Multiplex-PCR showed that all specimens had one, two, or three virulence genes simultaneously. The highest and lowest frequency distribution of genes was related to iha (56.7%) and iroN (20%) respectively.
According to the prevalence of urinary tract infection in the community and distribution of resistance and virulence factors, the fast and accurate detection of the strains and virulence genes is necessary.

Numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities are known to be associated with predisposition to hematologic malignancies development and even different response to treatment. Both diagnostic and prognostic values of cytogenetic analysis of chromosome rearrangements are helpful for better therapeutic decision in management of hematologic malignancies. On the other hand, the study of chromosomal rearrangement in patients with leukemia has led to the identification of the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and the prognosis of the disease. This study aimed at determining the incidence of structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities in patients with hematologic malignancies and their correlation with prognostic factors.
Material & Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 59 bone marrow samples from patients who were referred to genetics laboratory of Alzahra University-Hospital of Isfahan Medical University.
Karyotype analysis of these 59 patients showed chromosomal abnormalities in 16 (27.1%) patients and the remaining 43 (72.8%) patients had normal karyotype.
The results suggest that conventional karyotype analysis can be used as an effective method for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with hematological malignancies.

Previous researches have revealed analgesic and sedative properties of Mentha spicata (MS). The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidepressant effects of MS essential oil in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in male mice.
In this experimental study, 84 male mice were randomly divided into 14 groups of 6: Negative control groups received normal saline (10 ml/kg,i.p.), positive control groups received fluoxetine (20mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (30mg/kg) and treatment groups received MS essential oil (30, 60,120 and 240 mg/kg i.p.). In FST, immobility time, swimming time and climbing time and immobility time in TST were recorded in six minutes.
Findings indicated that essential oil at doses of 120 and 240 mg/kg, fluoxetine and imipramine reduced immobility time compared to control group in FST and TST (p0.05). In contrast, imipramine increased climbing time without any significant change in swimming time (p>0.05).
Based on the findings of the present study, MS essential oil has antidepressant-like activity similar to fluoxetine and probably their compounds (especially carvone) with serotonergic mechanism induced their effect. However, further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism of its action.

Genuse of Nocardia are aerobic, branching gram positive and partially acid-fact bacteria. That ubiquitous in water, soil, dust and decaying vegetation in worldwide. This group of bacteria cause of Nocardiosis in humans particularly immune compromised patients. Paraffin baiting techniques best method for Isolation of Nocardia spp. from clinical specimens; Accurate identification of this bacteria important because in some cases can be misdiagnosed. We can take advantage of molecular and conventional methods to high accuracy identification of them.