Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 2, 2016

Suicide is considered as the tenth cause of death worldwide. There are several suicide reports consist in the use of certain unusual drugs, such as chloroquine.
Case report: The cadaver of a 25-year-old single woman was found dead in her home and with suspect to using toxins or drugs was brought to Fars Province Forensic administration. She had history of psychiatric problems for which had referred to psychologist several times.
After the autopsy, there was no observation of pathologic lesions in her samples of liver, kidney, or heart. In bile samples, using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods, chloroquine was detected. In visceral and gut samples, chloroquine was found using TLC as reactions and it was confirmed by HPLC and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). After examining all the aspects, eventually chloroquine overdose and its complications was determined as the cause of the death.
Due to the high incidence of suicide in depressed patients and according to family and previous positive experience, preventive strategies based on the recognition and the treatment of depressed patients and also teaching the families to diagnose the illness in addition to the limitation of the free access to chloroquine and similar drugs is suggested to reduce overdose complications or suicide.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in elderly population leading to pain, disability, muscle weakness, and decreasing quality of life (QOL). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of land-based exercise therapy intervention on QOL and muscle strength in patients with knee OA in previous researches.
English literature associated with the effects of land-based therapeutic exercise methods were extracted from Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Medlib, IrMedex, Magiran, Spring link, Scopus, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases since 2000 to 2016. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles remained to be reviewed.
There were 1200 patients (Mean ± Standard deviation 64.5±4.7 years of old) with knee OA in those eleven studies. Generally, two interventions were administrated for such patients including exercise therapy and Yoga. The most common treatment outcome measurements involved Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Short Form 36 (SF-36), and strength.
Although it was impossible to compare the results of the eleven studies due to inconsistency in outcome measurements and their units to introduce the most effective therapeutic intervention for improvement of QOL in individuals with knee OA, the positive effect of land-based exercise therapy on signs and symptoms of such disorder was confirmed.

Sodium metabisulfite which is used as a food preservative in the food industry, has adverse effects on body organs such as kidney and body grouth rate. In this research we have studied the protective effect of Vitamin C and E as antioxidants, on the kidney tissue damage after the consumption of Sodium metabisulfite.
Forty-eight Adult male Wistar rats of 150-200 grams were divided into 6 groups of 8 each. Rats in the experimental groups received Sodium metabisulfite (520 mg / kg body weight) by gavage feeding for 30 consecutive days. Also during this period, the experimental groups 2 and 3 received a daily dose of 100 mg / kg vitamins C and E, Respectively. The experimental group 4 received 50 mg / kg vitamin C plus 50 mg / kg of vitamin E by the same root. Control group received only normal diet and water. The placebo received vehicle (drug solvent) as well as normal diet and water. At the end of the exprimental period the body growth rate was measured between the groups. The histhopatological examination was performed on the kidney tissue sections. by light microscope
The results showed sodium metabisulfite in daily dietary could lead to the kidney tissue damage and reduced body weight in rats (p With this study we could conclude that the antioxidant effect of that vitamins C and E have a protective effect on renal damage induced by sodium metabisulfite consumption.

Gelofen is one of the anti-inflammatory drugs which is used to relieve the pain and reduce the inflammations. This drug has side effects on body's tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Tribulus terrestris (Tt) plant on hepatic transaminases due to the Gelofen consumption.
In this experimental study 56 rats were divided into 7 groups of 8 rats, including control, sham and 4 experimental groups receiving Gelofen 400mg / kg, Tt extract 80 mg / kg, Tt extract 20mg / kg and Gelofen with 400mg / kg doses, Tt extract 40mg / kg and Gelofen 400mg / kg, and Tt extract 80mg / kg and Gelofen 400mg / kg. Gelofen was prescribed intraperitoneal and Tt was prescribed orally for 21 days. At the end of phlebotomizing the animals, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) levels were measured, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests. The significant difference in the data was considered P> 0/05.
The results showed that the transaminase concentration in the groups receiving Gelofen alone and with the Tt extract in doses of 20mg /kg and 40 mg /kg had a significant increase compared to the control group and the groups receiving Tt alone and Tt with the dose of 80mg/kg with Gelofen,had a significant decrease compared to the control and Gelofen alone groups (P> 0/05).
The results showed that the Tt extract led to prevent the negative effects of Gelofen on hepatic tissue in a dose-dependent manner and in result on the serum levels of liver transaminases.

The novel stronger antibacterial compounds such as the thiazole and pyrimidine derivatives are needed in order to remove the threat of bacterial antibiotic resistance in zoonotic aquatic bacterial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of the new benzothiazole and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives against three important zoonotic aquatic pathogens including Streptococcus iniae, Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila.
Material & Benzothiazole and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and dissolved in DMSO with a concentration of 8129 μg/mL. Then, the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods were applied to evaluate the antibacterial effects. Results were recorded as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the growth inhibition zone diameter.
The study showed that the two tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives had no inhibition effects on all of the studied bacteria. Moreover, no inhibitory effect was observed from the three banzothiazole derivatives against A. hydrophila. However, the benzothiazole derivatives showed significant inhibitory effect against S. iniae and E. tarda with MIC of 256-1024 µg/mL and the growth inhibition zone diameter of 4.3±0.3-18.2±0.1 mm.
The antibacterial effect of the new banzothiazole derivatives was confirmed on S. iniae and E. tarda pathogens for the first time.

Type1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to reduced insulin secretion. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into β-like cells offers new ways of diabetes treatment. MSCs can be insulated from the human umbilical cord tissue and differentiate into insulin-producing cells.
Material & Human umbilical cord–derived stem cells (hUDSCs) were attained after birth, selected by plastic adhesion, and considered by flow cytometric analysis. For the differentiation induction, miR-375 was lentivirally over expressed in hUDSCs.
Meaningful that microRNAs (miRNAs) are the key players in several stages of pancreatic Differentiation, we have presented a novel and cost-effective strategy in which the over-expression of miR-375 promotes the pancreatic differentiation in hUDSCs in the absence of any other stimulator. The major expressions of PDX1 and insulin were identified by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) (P In conclusion, the Morphological assessment and the expression analysis of islet marker genes demonstrated that hUDSCs are able to differentiate into insulin-producing cells by transduction with lentiviral vector miR-375

Hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine (PHZ) as a hemolytic composition can change the function and structure of liver. Therefore, the present study attempts to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin C and royal jelly co-administration against the oxidative damages and liver apoptosis induced by hemolytic anemia in adult mice.
32 adult male mice were divided equally and randomly into four groups. The first group received normal saline with a dose of 0.1 ml, IP. The second group received a dose of vitamin C (250 kg/mg, IP) along with 100 kg/mg dose of royal jelly administered orally. The third group was administered with 6 mg/100 gr, IP phenylhydrazine in 48 hour intervals. Finally, the fourth group received vitamin C and royal jelly in the doses similar to the first three groups along with phenylhydrazine with the same doses of previous groups. After 35 days, the serum and testis samples were taken and were used for serum analysis and histochemical and histomorphometric studies.
Phenylhydrazine increased the level of serum concentration of aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased the superoxide dismutase along with the total antioxidant capacity and serum albumin. Moreover, phenylhydrazine increased the apoptosis, the number of kupffer cells and the diameter of hepatocytes. Prescribing the royal jelly with vitamin C improved the changes of abovementioned parameters significantly.
Royal jelly with vitamin C is an antioxidant with the potential properties in preventing the oxidative damages and apoptosis induced by phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in mouse liver.

Male infertility is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction between the genetic and environmental factors. Despite the methodological advancements, the possible causes of infertility are still unknown for more than 25 percent of cases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the molecular chaperones that are involved in different developmental stages of spermatogenesis. The current study was planned to investigate the role of HSPA1L rs2227956 gene polymorphism in the idiopathic infertility in males.
Material & This case control study was conducted on 342 subjects consisted of 143 patients with idiopathic male infertility and 199 control subjects. Followed by the DNA extraction from the peripheral blood, genotype determination was done by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the polymorphism and male infertility.
A significant difference was observed in the genotype distributions between the cases and controls. The results showed that the individuals with TC and CC genotype had an increased risk of male infertility. In addition, there was a significant association between C allele and male infertility.
HSPA1L rs2227956 polymorphism is associated with the idiopathic male infertility risk

The regular exercise training is known as a preventive and adjuvant therapy in inflammatory diseases such as cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the aerobic training on IL-10 and IL-8 levels and the count of white blood cells (WBC) in women with breast cancer.
Material & The statistical society of the present study included Kerman women with breast cancer. Forty patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into two groups: exercise (n = 20) and control (n = 20). The exercise group performed the endurance training for 8 weeks with the intensity between 40 to 55 percent of the target heart rate. Twenty four hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last session of the exercise protocol, blood samples were taken from both groups and then IL-10 and IL-8 levels in serum were measured by ELISA via a Boster kit.
The results of the present study showed that 8 weeks of the endurance exercise training did not significantly increase the IL-10 (P=0.113) serum level, but increased the WBC count (p=0.019) and decreased the serum level of IL-8 (p=0.03) significantly.
According to the results of the present study, regular endurance training via decreasing the inflammatory factors can be considered as an effective factor along with other therapies in improving breast cancer.

Health family physician program is a complete system which eliminates the bewilderment of people and increases the satisfaction with health services as its most important results in medical care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of family physicians and their strengths and weaknesses.
Material & In this study, 52 family physicians were chosen via Random Stratified Sampling to participate in the study. A questionnaire titled “Performance of Family Physicians” with 5 domains of management, performance, contract guidelines, community involvement and results was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-19 via t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and non-parametric tests.
Among the 52 studied family physicians, 56.9% were female and 43.1% were male. The lowest and the highest scores were obtained for the community involvement and results, respectively. Based on the results of this study, there were significant relationships among most of the domains. However, there was no significant correlation between the gender and different domains.
In order to solve the problems of family physician program and improve the quality of services, more researches should be carried out soon to determine the types and causes of referring to the family physicians. Accordingly, appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce the burden of visits and improve the quality of health services by guiding the society towards the prevention measures.

Due to increase in bacterial drug resistance, discovering new antibacterial compounds is really important. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phenol compounds effect on antibacterial activity of herbal extracts of Fasa-Fars province in vitro.
The antibacterial activity of 26 plants was studied by disk diffusion, well, and MIC methods in compare with 13 standard antibiotics against S. aureus and E. coli as control bacteria. Measurement of phenol compounds were performed by Seevers and Daly colorimetric methods using Folin-ciocalteu indicator.
Inhibition zone of bacterial growth against S. aureus in well and disk methods were 32 and 22 mm in using Zataria multiflora, respectively .And there were 23 and 16 mm against E. coli in Zataria multiflora, respectively. Less effects and inhibition zones, less than 15mm on both strains, were seen in using Saturina hortensis, Cinamomum zeylanicum, ­Artemisia absinthium, ­Urtica dioica, Carum carvi L. cyminum Cuminum, Achillea fragrantissimia, Marticaria chamomilla, Zingiber officinale, Origanum majorana, and Plantago psyllium. Most effective MIC results, 7.8 µg/ml, were related to the extracts of Zataria multiflora, Carum copticum L. Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Laurus nobilis L. Phenol compound amounts were approximately between 66.51±1.9 and 233.15±5.1 mg/gr extract in Zataria multiflora and Plantago psyllium, respectively.
Results of antibacterial activity of extracts and relation with phenol compound amounts indicate the antibacterial effect of phenol compounds in herbal extracts.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in all age groups. The majority of these infections are caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains. Colonization, attachment to uroepithelium, and the ability of UPEC to cause symptomatic UTI is mediated by adherence factors, such as type 1 fimbriae (fimH).
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of type 1 fimbriae-encoding gene (fimH) among uropathogenic E. coli isolates from outpatients with UTI in Khorramabad.
This laboratory study carried out on 100 uropathogenic E. coli collected in the years 2012 and 2013 from outpatients with UTI in Khorramabad. All bacterial isolates were identified by standard laboratory methods and the fimH gene presence was detected using the PCR method.
The fimH gene was amplified using specific primers and showed a band about 508 bp. The FimH gene was found in 26 isolates (26%) of the UPEC strains.
Although results of this study showed the presence of type 1 fimbriae-encoding gene (fimH) among uropathogenic E. coli isolates from outpatients with UTI, the high prevalence of isolates that do not encode fimH (74%) require further investigation to clarify the role of the other potential virulence factors in the pathogenesis of these isolates.

The main objective of this study is to determine the possible effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Citrullus Colocynthis on the humoral and cellular immune responses in Wistar rats after challenge with REV-1 vaccine.
The studied population included 20 male rats that were randomly divided into two equal groups and were immunized with Rev1 vaccine (0.1 ml Rev1.9 ml PBS (. Treatment group received hydroalcoholic extract of the C. colocynthis (50 mg/kg) orally every day from the beginning of the study and it continued for two weeks. Blood sampling was performed five days after the last injection. Moreover, 48 hours before blood sampling, Rev1 vaccine (0.1 ml Rev1.9 ml PBS (was injected into the left foot of rats. The levels of anti-Rev1 antibody and the specific cellular immune responses were measured by sero-agglutination test, footpad thickness, and griess colorimetric method, respectively. Lymphocyte proliferation, nitric oxide production, respiratory burst, and phagocytosis in splenocytes were determined by MTT test, Griess test, NBT assay, and slide test, respectively.
The levels of anti-Rev1 antibody, phagocytosis and Lymphocyte proliferation index in splenocytes were increased in treatment group compared to control group. Nevertheless, the levels of the cellular immunity (food pad thickness), NBT, and Nitric oxide in treatment group showed a significant decrease compared to control group (p The hydroalcoholic extract of C. colocynthis may be used as a natural source for modulating the immune system.

The lung is a radiosensitive organ and its damage is a dose-limiting factor in radiotherapy. Different side effects such as pneumonia and lung fibrosis are found in patients with thorax irradiation. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of γ-irradiation on acute and chronic injuries of lung tissue in rats.
32 rats were divided into two groups. Control group consisted of 14 rats that underwent shame irradiation. In radiation group, 18 rats underwent γ-irradiation. The rats were exposed to γ-irradiation 18 Gy using a single fraction cobalt-60 unit. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed 24 hours after radiotherapy for determining Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological evaluations. Remained animals were sacrificed eight weeks after radiotherapy for histopathological evaluation.
Compared to control group, the level of SOD and GSH significantly decreased and MDA level significantly increased in radiation group 24 hours following irradiation, (p=0.001, p Localized chest radiation with dose of 18 Gy induces changes in oxidative stress indices and histopathological lung tissue damage in short and long term.

Unknown mechanisms are involved in neuropathic pain. Among the non-pharmacological treatments, it seems that physical activity improves neuropathic pain. However, the possible reasons for the effectiveness of regular physical activity on neuropathic pain are unknown. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the effects of two-week swimming training on the expression of GAD65 enzyme and P2X3 receptor in Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.
40Wistar adult rats were divided into five groups randomly: 1) CCI neuropathic pain with swimming training (CCIST2); 2) CCI neuropathic pain without swimming training (CCI); 3) No CCI neuropathic pain with swimming training (ST2); No CCI neuropathic pain without swimming training (control group); 5) CCI sham surgery (Sham CCI). CCI and CCIST2 groups underwent peripheral nerve injury by four loose ligatures around sciatic nerve. Swimming program included two weeks with five sessions per week, and 30-60 min per session. The protein expressions of GAD65 enzyme and P2X3 receptor were evaluated by western blotting technique.
CCI surgery decreased the expression of GAD65, but two weeks swimming training increased expression of GAD65 comparing to CCI and Sham CCI groups (P≤0.001), but P2X3 receptor expression were not significantly different among groups in lumbar segment of rats (P>0.05).
Totally, our findings showed that two-week swimming training improves neuropathic pain possibly through maintenance of inhibitory neurons and subsequently increased GAD65, which converts glutamate excitatory neurotransmitter to GABA inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Parkinson's Disease is a progressive neurologic disorder affecting the central nervous system. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of balance training with and without suit therapy on the balance and the gait pattern of patients with Parkinson's Disease.
Material & participants with Parkinson's Disease were divided into three groups of control, with suit therapy, and without suit therapy. The control group received only pharmacotherapy, while the groups with and without suit therapy received eigh weeks balance training in addition to pharmacotherapy. The patient's balance and gait were evaluted by Berg and Tinetti scales, respectively at the pretest and posttest of this study.
The result of the study showed significant difference in balance between the three groups (P To do balance traning is better than not to do it, and balance training with suit therapy is better than without suit therapy.

Due to the high drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, in this research, antibacterial properties of nano silver was evaluated for Acinetobacter baumannii.
The nano silver with approximate diameter of 20 nanometer from Pishtazan Inc. Mashad, Iran and 5 nanometer from the Department of Chemistry in Maragheh University were prepared. Its concentration was determined by spectroscopy method in Tabriz Chemistry University. Antimicrobial effects were determined by Mean Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bacterial Concentration (MBC) by micro-broth-dilution method, disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. Anti-bacterial activity of nano-silver was tested for Acinetobacter baumannii NCTC12516 on 20 clinical strains (collected from Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz).
The results showed the MIC and MBC of 20nm nanoparticles were 1250 ppm and 2500 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the MIC and MBC of 5 nm nanoparticles were 156 ppm and 312 ppm, respectively. According to these findings, the MIC and MBC identified for clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains under study along with the NCTC12516 strain did not show a significant difference. Yet the amount of inhibition for the 20nm nanoparticles in the density of 20000 ppm of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii and NCTC12516 strains was 11 millimeter with the disc diffusion method and 9.5 millimeter for the well diffusion method with the same concentration. The amount of inhibition of 5nm nanoparticles in the 250-ppm concentration with both disc diffusion and well diffusion methods was 9.5 millimeter.
Acinetobacter baumannii is susceptible to nano-silver. Also the same MIC and MBC in multiple clinical strains suggests that there is not resistance to silver nanoparticles in Acinetobacter baumannii.