پژوهشنامه تاریخ های محلی ایران
سال چهارم شماره 7 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

to the quality and information derived from data on the Safavid coins, considerable part of these objects are amongst the primary and particular sources for economical, political, social and cultural history studies of aforementioned period. These coins also have important role in local history studies. Catalogues, books and articles have been published about the presentation and recognition of these coins and their mints. But still there are some deficiencies in numismatic studies of Safavid coins such as deficiency in identification of the Safavid mints. Therefore, in this survey some rare coins will be studied for the first time which according to their inscription had been minted in Farahabad. Although there have been two places during Safavid era which called Farahabad in Sari and Isfahan, Safavid numismatic sources did not list the name of Farahabad as Safavid mint. Some of the collectors and numismatists have different idea in ascription of these coins to the cities called Farahabad. This article will introduce the unique samples of these coins for the first time and the Farahabad which is the real mint will be recognized.

Local historiography is a branch of knowledge which studies and records historical events that taking place within the borders of a city, state or a region and is a subcomponent of the country’s history. The significant aspect of local historiography is its connection with a specific area and its role in political development of mainland. However, Historians has express different view in fall of Sasnaian in ancient time, including Arab strong forces, their belief in Islamic thoughts and in contrast pointed to corrupted Sasanian nobles and the differnce among nobles as the main factor for the Sasanian fall, but it seems the role of Dailaman land in political development during the Sasanian in particular its role in fall of Sasanian has been ignored and no research has specifically addressed this issue. In this paper it has been tried to investigate the role of Dailaman land in the fall of Sasanian government using historical documents and resources.

Gilan was always rich and difficult for the central government of iran in history. It has been difficult due to the lack of access. This matter also caused Esmail Mirza to migrate to Gilan. However, Shah Tahmasb and Shah Abbas I have several reasons and excuses for dominating the land. Gilan neighboring Caucasus, Russia and relationship with Ottoman through Caucasus, silk valuable resources, water relations with Europe, changing the land into hideouts fugitives and Safavid opponents and Sadat Shiite dominance and its competition with the Safavids led them not to accept the continuity of the governments of Gilan. This study uses descriptive-analytical method based on library resources and data analysis.

This study, with a quick hint to the historical background of Qom, studies the rise of Shia and its expansion in Iran’s geographic area trying to find an answer to this questions: why was Qom introduced as a Shiite city after Islam and accepted Shiism while other cities were still in doubt in believing Islam or remaining on their ancestral religion. What are the factors influencing the adoption of Shiism and its expansion in Qom.According to historical sources and hadith, the results of the survey conducted in this study indicate that Qom people accepted Shiite thought and particularly Shia Imamieh from the very beginning of Islam. Then they tried to protect Shia and make it worldwide. Although Asharioun played a significant role in contribution and development of the Shia in the region, the main factor of Shiite influence in the region thanks to those of Arabs who were among the companions of the Prophet (pbuh) and the followers of Imam Ali (AS).

This paper for the first time examines the Political - Military Activities of Christians forces in Azerbaijan, especially in Urmia in during the First World War. Paper to Relying on Reliable Sources and Documents and By adopting a Method Descriptive - Analytical want show What was the Nature of the Christian Organizations? What were their supporters? why and for what purposes to work with Christians? However The Assyrians were pursuing their own goals, their activities were a part of the Great Britain concerns about the preservation of India, but After killing Marshimon by Simko, their plans will fail completely. In fact, after the Retreat of Russians of Fronts and be alon Englishmen in Result of October Revolution, There was nesesery to stop the advance of German and Ottumans to India, Iran and the Caucasus. In this regard, Englishmen involved other Allied countries in their programs. General Dunsterville using the Christian forces in protecting the borders of the North-West of Iran, Brought himself to the Caucasus and went to fight the advancing enemy. Great Britain and Christian efforts to prevent the advance of the Ottoman Empire, although it did not win, but because of the end of the war, the Ottoman forces did not take advantage of his victory. The Christians who paid the cost of maintaining British interests and permanently be displaced and homeless.

By the demise of the Qajar dynasty and the establishment of the Pahlavi government, relations between the government and people experienced major changes. Modernism and modernization were the aims that Reza Shah and his West-oriented advisors wanted to fulfill in Iran’s Islamic and traditional society. Removing Hijab was one of the aims imposed brutally by the regime in order to pave the way for women to enter the society. Agreements and disagreements against this law in different cities, was one of the most prominent incidents in Iran's contemporary history. In Hamedan, removing Hijab also faced with bitter incidents. The current study, first, explores the process of removing hijab in Hamedan by using descriptive-analytic method based on historical sources and valid documents. Then, it examines the consequences of announcing this law in Hamedan.

Oil nationalization movement had a decisive influence on Iran's contemporary history and the clerics played an important role in this field. So, this article is going to evaluate the role of Esfahan’s clerics in that period of history and answer the following questions. How much the clerics were involved in mobilization and leading the popular movements in favor of the oil nationalization movement? What outcomes could they bring for the religious forces? Were they be able to attract the young generations’ attention and trust for the next struggle? Studying these questions is based on this theory that the clerics were highly influential in the society of those previous days. This is a descriptive and analytical article which is done based on archive, library and field research sources. Research findings show that Esfahan’s religious forces were able to simulate the popular movements, therefore, Ayatollah Kashani used this power for the benefit of movement. But after a dispute between the leaders of the movement, most clerics turned away from doctor Mosaddegh for different reasons including the increasing power of Tudeh party and took a conservative action against coup. Observing this attempt, most the young were disappointed from “power of religion” to continue the fight against dictatorship. This trend continued until the arrival of Ayatollah Khomeini in politics.

Having the most valuable historical monuments, Esfahan is one of the most important cities of Iran. This prominent position, regardless of the geographical location of the city, caused Esfahan to be considered as the capital of Iran during the dynasty of Buyid, Seljuks and Safavid. Although in these periods the most valuable and finest architectural monuments wwere established in Isfahan, unfortunately, the rise and fall of dynasties, wars, conflicts and natural disasters destroyed many of the works. In the Qajar era, many of the remaining relics from the past, especially the Safavid dynasty, were declining and destroying. However, with the inception of Pahlavi era, fundamental activities were started for the preservation and restoration of precious works. The first step was registering the National Heritage monuments. In the next steps, the experts and traditional architectures began to furbish up the works. During this period, along with returning the endowment of the works, so many actions took to meet some parts of the cost of restoration of monuments in Esfahan.Despite a little gap, sources have not mentioned this issue independently and no actions have been taken to protect the works from danger. Due to the lack of library resources, the author emphasizes on using local newspapers and historical documents. This research is based on the library method and comparison and analysis of resources, especially main ones. In this study, the essential information will be organized, analyzed and finally derivated.

Research in social history is very important for applying historical research. Local histories help to clarify civil life, cultural heritage and civilization. As a part of Iranian architectural heritage and its social and cultural achievements, public baths would be important for studying the social and local history of Iran and finding the Iranians’ cultural and moral traditions. This study is based on a cross-sectional method. Relying on the library resources and using field study and oral narrations, this study tries to seek an answer for this question that how the architecture, customs and social functions of the public baths was in Savadkooh? According to research findings, in addition to providing Hygiene and Public Health, public baths play significant roles in cooperation, communication, exchanging information, increasing awareness of rural people, sociability, understanding the social and class divisions, considering religious practic such as prayers, property, land and inheritance disputes, telling memories and transferring experience to the next generations of village, performing traditional and folk music and singing, and the persistence of social and cultural customs and traditions. The geography and climate of the region affected on the architecture style and the materials used in the construction of the baths. At the beginning of the Pahlavi era, domestic baths were replaced by large public baths and this change caused the social function of baths in the rural life of Savadkooh.

After the death of Nadir Shah there was a great disturbance. Karim Khan was successful to dominate most areas after several years of tension over Iran.Mir Mohanna could be the ruler of Bandar Reeg by using the the status quo. Unlike the other rulers who were united with Karim Khan Zand, he revolted against Karim Khan. Zand troops attacked Bandar Reeg to suppres him and captured Mir Mohanna. After freedom and coming back to Bandar Reeg, Mir Mahna destroyed commercial office and England Castle and expel all English from Bandar Reeg. This event led forces to attack Bandar Reeg again. Karim Khan failure in repression of Mir Mahna caused him to sign a contract with England. According to this contract, Kharg Island was awarded to England if Mir Mahna failed.This study deals with issues of conflict between Karim Khan and Mir Mohanna. It also studies the conflicts between Mir Mohana and foreign companies and the role of foreign governments, particularly England, in repression of Mir Mahna.

The development of Shiite thought outside of the Arabia Peninsula and Iraq has been affected by many factors, one of which was the migration of Shiites to other regions and their opposition with the Omavid and Abbasid Caliphs that precipitated this process. With regard to the entrance of Shiism into Iran, it can be said that, the thought of Shiism first of all affected the neighboring regions in Iraq. Although the Western passages of Iran were one of the main ways of entering Shiism into Iran, the provinces of Khuzestan were so important that it had become one of the main bases for the Alavis who were wanted. Because of this, Khuzestan can be considered as the entrance gate of Shiism into Iran. Studies conducted about the factors that paved the way for Shiism to enter Khuzestan show that it's strategic situation and the availability of different connecting paths to that southern parts of Iraq, which were the main bases for Shiites, made it easier for the people of Khuzestan province to travel to these regions and connect with the Shiites living there. In addition to this, the historical and social background of the region which was the reason of dissatisfaction of people with the behavior of Caliphs of that time had a deep effect on entering the Shiism thought and culture into Iran. In the meantime, the migration of Shiite tribes and the formation of Shiite governments had a profound effect on the development of Shiite.

A part of Iran's contemporary history should be studied associated with the states, territories and its inhabitants. Among them, Tarhan, located in Lorestan province in West part of Iran, has a traditional and nomadic lifestyles. The region was ruled by Omaraey dynasty rulers (Ghazanfari) in Qajar era. While having relative internal independence, they had adopted central government. The theory of this study is about Tarhan, as a subset of Pishkooh in Lorestan, that had a significant role in both political and social sphere. This region became more important from the constitutional revolution to rise of Reza Shah. The period when several events such as Salarodowleh’s riot, British presence in the West and South with the aim of domination on oil and world war I occurred.The purpose of the study is assessment of the history of the region of Tarhan and Studying its position in the Qajar era using a descriptive - analytic method based on library and documentary text derived from National Archives. It is going to answer the following questions: what conditions did Tarhan have during Qajar era? What role did Tarhan play during those periods particularly in the events in the West of Iran?The result of this study shows that geographical location of Tarhan and its financial and military benefits for the Qajars made it become one of the most important tribal areas and according to the power of the rulers of the region and presence in events of this period, central government paid attention to this region very much.