پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1393)

Despite the similarities of citizenship right with human rights، but it is distinct. Citizenship rights implies a set of civil، political and social rights that people get it because they have become a nation-state member and those rights safeguard and protect by law. Although the having of the citizens of these rights، back to the emergence of modern nation-states but theorizing about it by political and legal scholars and its inclusion in the legislation of countries، especially developing countries، have less experience and are related to recent decades. A claim in this paper in response to the question of what is the position of citizenship rights in Islamic Republic funder view، is: despite little history of citizenship rights in Iran and the Iranian special conditions at the beginning of the revolution، citizenship rights at the Imam Khomeini is the serious concern; and although he did not use this concept in his statements، but its axes and objects in theoretical and practical manner was Particular attention and emphasized. This attention in the current situation in Iran could be helpful for many of the problems in this field.

Iranian''s confrontation with the western world and its new born distinct phenomenon called «modernity» in the early nineteenth century caused the emergence of a process that is known as modernization. Although، the initial familiarity of Iranians with the modernization phenomenon was in the form of military and technical procedures، but gradually this trend found its way to other political، economic، social، and cultural domains and provided the ground for the emergence of a new group in the social classification of Iran which were later called the new middle class. This group developed in the second Pahlavi period due to the reforms and development of educational and official systems in quantitative terms; on the eve of the Islamic Revolution in 1357 in the alliance with the traditional middle class، they played an important role in shaping and eventually winning the revolution. Hence، the present research is an attempt to study the features and characteristics of this class and the behavior of Pahlavi regime toward the demands، wants، and ideals of this class، and to assess the role of new middle class in creating political stability and instability in a period of 37 years، since 1320 to 1357.

The high-rated press in Iran started a general and influential strike to obtain the freedom’s assurance of the government، in the adventurer days of September 1978، for the first time in the press history of this country. The current study is going to find which reasons caused the strike’s formation and preparation، by searching in different resources and specially that era’s gazetteers; it is also based on using the descriptive and explanatory methods. The hypothesis of the current research is that in the press strike، the presence of military in the gazetteers editorial، unlike how it seemed، was not the main reason of the strike، but just as a hint and in other layers of this strike، other reasons could be traced back. This research summed up to the fact، that the press strike is the result of a permanent and historical conflict between journalists and the Pahlavid government which made such reaction possible along with two other reasons: “the presence of an organization called the authors and press journalists’ syndicate” and “the struggling and revolutionary atmosphere in 1978”. The presence of military guards in Etela’at and Keyhan’s editorials without agreement and despite the government of the day’s will were a convincing excuse to form the strike which showed a critical disagreement among different decision-making organs of the country. This event resulted in the formation of press strike and its lasting، along with such reasons as “other journalists’ activities’ ineffectiveness before government’s pressure” and “public demand and the press need to a revolutionary movement”

Perfectionism has been differently manifested in art، literature and philosophy. In philosophical and gnostic thoughts، people such as people like IbnSina، IbnTufayl and Suhrawardi have depicted perfectionism in the form of philosophical، allegorical and symbolic stories called»HayyibnYaqzan«. These stories describe the ascension of man to eternal life with the aid of HayyibnYaqzan. This paper assesses and evaluates the truth of hayyibnYaqzan. Further، it accounts for its true realization in holy prophets، specifically in Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) and Imams (pbuh) And proves that after them and in the absence of Imam Mahdi (pbuh) Imam Khomeini was the only Shia scholar who could carry the great burden of awakening life and the only one to be the true hayyibnYaqzan incarnate who has established a government besides focusing on human growth and transcendence. A government which holy prophets and great imams have always been trying to form. He was the only one who could realize the allegorical and imaginary stories of HayyibnYaqzan into reality.

Justice and Advice is most important subject in political though. The relations between those two subjects are occupied mind of political philosophers. Hikmat Mote’alieh political though is one of favorable base for survey relation between Justice and advice. Imam Khomeini is one of most important philosophers in Hikmat Mote’alieh political though that he was leader of Islamic Republic of Iran. Also he obtain base for reduction of Justice and Advice concepts in administration and government. In this essay tried to scan relation between justice and advice in Imam Khomeini political though with methodological hermeneutic method and Justice and Advice concepts studied in in Imam Khomeini political though. In end of this essay denote that in Imam Khomeini political though justice is axis of advice and advice define on base of justice. Therefore justice is administrated people to advice and people in comprehensive of justice gain felicity.

Justice is one of the main concerns and intellectual foundations of Dr. Shariati and، along with the principle of “leadership”، one of the two key indicators of “True Islam”، that is، “Alawi Shia”. Integrated and interactive definitions and ideas on justice can be found in Dr. Shariati thoughts. These definitions have many similarities with those proposed by the early and late Islamic scholars. However، Dr. Shariati have usually emphasized on the importance and fundamentality of the concept of “equity” compared to the concept of “justice” and his explanations about this are very interesting and exclusive to him. In addition to denying and criticizing Marxism، Dr. Shariati، based on his equity theory، proposes appropriate Islamic alternatives، against Marxist solution، for eliminating the social gaps and class inequalities. Although the dynamic and worthwhile theorizations of Dr. Shariati are not quite critical and thoroughly careful، four necessary steps for any political theory، that is to say، observation of crisis and chaos، pain diagnosis، abstract drawing and reconstruction of an ideal situation، and providing the solutions، can be seen in his theories on justice. However، it should not be neglected that the breadth of topics for reflection، existence of a stressful and unsafe intellectual atmosphere and lack of the required focus contexts، his short life and not having enough time، and dozens of other reasons are of factors which prevented the opinions of this eminent thinker to become more disciplined، organized، and coherent.

Due to growing and delegating the political elite and merit people on macro-political and administrative positions in deserve and empowerment decision-making processes is One of the most important and strategic issues in contemporary political systems in the world for those countries that put development، advancement and efficiency in their agenda. Every political system tries to identify and cultivate agents and political elites on the basis of its objective and theoretical goals which differ from one system to another system. After the Islamic revolution in Iran and establishment of the Islamic Republic that was based on the religious and political thought of Islam، there was a question that who are the political elites at the level of this system that they are suitable for this new one? What are the features and components and how to identify، grow، delegate and recruit the political elites? This article is trying to show and discuss that by existence of cross-actions and concerns of political elites، some universities، political parties and etc. on such an important topic we have not had a formulated، stable model of identifying، growing، training and delegating the political elites and agendas. Finally، this paper tries to suggest and design the local and developed model for growing and delegating of political elites in Islamic Republic of Iran. Those persons and elites from different social levels that are known as merit and sufficient with entitled by «Ahliyat»، that is an Islamic term، will be used on political authorities and positions of political system. The proposed and designed model is consisting of four main steps: identifying، growing، delegating and monitoring of political elites. This model is trying to study and compare the situation of the past three decades after Islamic revolution and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of existing processes، seeking to theorize the desirable model.