پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1395)

Justice as a permanent topic in political philosophy can be studied in different dimensions. To theorize about Justice or study the thoughts about it, it is necessary to clarify what we mean by the concept of justice and the spheres in which we find Justice meaningful. Drawing on and analyzing Imam Khomeini’s thoughts, this article purports to illustrate the meaning of justice in his thoughts and the spheres in which he considers justice as meaningful. In this regard, justice will be studied in accordance with the concepts of "Balance", "Equality", "Desert" and "putting everything in its place" that have ever been equivalent to justice in the history of justice research. Imam Khomeini's thoughts indicates that all the meanings of justice that have been proponed from the perspective of Balance, Equality and Desert refer to the meaning "putting everything in its place". The discussions that has been made to determine the rights and the criteria to allocate them, under the definition of justice in terms of desert, the formation of balance, under the definition of justice in terms of balance and relevant or irrelevant respects to achieve valid equalities and inequalities under the definition of justice in terms of equality, indicate the reference of all meanings of justice to the meaning "putting everything in its place". Analyzing Imam Khomeini's semantics of Justice, the article also clarifies that in his thoughts, justice can be applied meaningfully in the spheres of "divine creation", "divine legislation", "inner human life" and "social human life". Therefore, justice is divided to two types of divine justice and human justice. The first one means God is just because, on the one hand, Creation is the best creation and every creature is guided to its perfection and on the other hand, his legislation is based on Creation. The second one emphasizes the importance of justice in human internal powers besides justice in human social relations.

The study books have a crucial role in regard with establishing the characteristics and ideology of Imam Khomeini.
This research aims to analyze and estimate the condition of introduction of Imam Khomeini’s persona from( political, social, ideological, educational-behavioral, scientific, cultural and literary) view in study books of the elementary level to high school level.
Considering the fact that the most suitable method of representation in study books is the “combined method”, hence, the analysis is based on this method.
This method consists of combined selection of the teachings, beliefs and disciplinary behavior which is created with regards to the age, individual differences, and subject of study or cultural platform, economic and social aspects. The results of the current research shows that the frequent distribution of concept related to the introduction of the aspects of Imam Khomeini’s personality in the elementary level books, is far away from the desired condition. The frequency is higher in Farsi literature book and the lowest in the math books. Also in the middle school level and high school, the frequency from the highest to the lowest level respectively belongs to the political and social aspects of Imam’s personality. And the subjects of religion and life, history, Farsi and social education contain the most amount of information regarding Imam Khomeini. In respect with the behavioral and moral aspects of Imam’s life and also analysis and investigation of disciplinary and behavioral effects that the study books and teaching methods could have on students, this image of Imam’s life should be under careful and vast examination. It seems that the perfect method for expanding Imam’s personality aspects in educational programs, would be compilation and implementation of an effective program. With emphasize on this point that the continuing existence of Islamic Revolution depends on a correct plan according to thoughts of Imam Khomeini, first, Imam’s thoughts must be categorize from aspects such as (moral, political etc) appropriate for different class levels and learning objectives. If the objectives are designed properly, then it is possible to express the context, method, examination and evaluation systems.

In Shia religion, the governing of Islamic society during the occultation of Imam Mahdi (AS) is important. Because it should be specified the duty of the Muslim people in two side. First: who is that governing on people? How governing in people? It is focused resources of Islam to answer of questions, it showed that Capable Person of governing the Muslim people is " Velay-e faqih " with special attributes. But, for the second answer question, which are explained several matters. Perhaps it is concerned most notably the issue of the relationship between "freedom" and "Velayat-e faqih". On the other hand, a Muslim, is born free and live free. Man is always the right choice and no one can take this right to him.. God created us free and asks people to live free. At the same time, God by reason, allowing her to lead a spiritual movement. In addition, revelation and prophets and imams and scholars have come to help the man so he could move in the right direction. Thus, freedom and human equality, as the fundamental principles of Islam, are in accordance with human nature. Contemporary scholar quoted different idea, These are including of conflict, confrontation and evolution. Among them, Ayatollah Mohammad Husseini Behesti is important role, due to take a leading role in the adoption of the constitution, the political system and governing after the revolution. After Iran's Islamic Revolution martyr Beheshti University of thinkers who have a deep meditative state. Mental principles of his own supreme political dimensions - social knows, this approach results in conjunction with the principle of freedom, and the freedom of their provincial relations based on mutual development and  are thinking.
The aim of this study was to determine the status of individual freedom in structure of Velayat-e faqih system, with the perspective of the shahid Beheshti. For reaching aim, try to use Library way and it collected data from credible sources and then described and analyzed qualitatively. Result indicated shahid beheshti believed freedom and Velayat-e faqih system is Complement, formed and contented each other know.

Given the decisive leadership role of Imam Khomeini in formation and victory of Iranian Islamic Revolution, identification and explanation of his campaign strategy that won popular support, considered so important. In this article, Charles Tilly theory about political mobilization of opponent groups against sovereignty has been used to explain this subject and role and function of four mentioned factors in political mobilization of Iranians including ideology, leadership, organization and the people has been discussed. Furthermore, the implementation of two competitive strategy of political mobilization of the people - Strategy of armed struggle as well as reformist campaign strategy- studied before victory of Islamic revolution and the reason of their failures as well as the logic of Imam Khomeini opposition to them were articulated. The main hypothesis of this article is that Imam Khomeini campaign strategy is political mobilization of the people during the Islamic revolution. The efficiency of this strategy has been proven not only because of victory of Islamic revolution, but also in comparison with other revolutions in world.

Values are considered as the most important and the most basic factors in belief and feedback systems of humans. When someone accepts a value, it gets their aim and finds a determining effect in their orientations. Islam has offered values that should be accepted and applied; because, relying on values makes Islamic system strong and sustainable. Using descriptive-analytic research method and based on Supreme Leader Attitudes, this research has examined questions like “What are Islamic system values?” and “Which factors influence maintaining and development of values?”. In this article, after reviewing theoretical issues about values and their place in Islam, factors like religious belief and faith, imitating religious leaders, maintaining and enhancing insight, knowing the enemy, commanding good and forbidding wrong, etc. are named as factors influencing the maintaining and development of values. The article concludes with this general finding that the only void of magic of enemy’s conspiracy against Islamic system is taking care of revolution values.

The process of the Islamic Revolution victory has been explained and interpreted based on different sociological approaches and views, and its causes and reasons of emergence have been discussed from various points of views. The approach employed in the present study is to explore the Islamic Revolution based on Castells’ network theory of power. According to this model, power is made up of networks linked together by means of switchers forming an intertwining network of power. In the opposite frontier, social activists form an anti-power network that helps the collapse of the government if it infiltrates the power network and cut the power links. In the present article, we will explain how the anti-power networks during the Islamic Revolution were linked together through mosques, religious bodies, and universities headed by Imam Khomeini as a switcher and how they managed to weaken the power network of Pahlavi regime including army, capitalist who support the regime, Massive state bureaucracy and support of foreign powers and eventually overthrow it. In this article, considering the historical documents, this hypotheses is being proved that the links between anti-power networks including clergy’s network and Islamic seminary, traditional middle class and bazaar, new middle class and enlightened activists and labor network, beside crisis such as economic problems which causes the separation of capitalist network and Pahlavi regime, political crisis caused by the lack of dealing with expectations of new middle class and enlightened and Shah’s thought of lack of support of foreign powers, gradually weakened the regime and provided the needs of the collapse of regime as Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (as the switcher of power networks) left the country.

Changing relations in Iran and making clear relationship between this by occuring Islamic revloution is important analytical subjects in iranian revloution area . National modernization flowing in Safavie era and western modernization flowing in Qajar era had governed in iran . but Iranian revloution advent accomplished to stabilization and governing new paradigme under title Islamic genuine model. This model had been result of challenging between two previous flowing believers . This model by leaning on inspiration bombastic and borrowing some of compiled governed on modern humanity civilization is new struggle to create new and efficient model in modernity area and in contemporary iranian historic . In basis the major question of this article is that what relationship is exist between modernization in iran subject and revloution advent and revloution modernity flowing with ones accept and refuse compared with others modernity flowing . Our presumption is that Islamic revloution model is one mixed model by peculiar and individualistic compiled in front of others modernity models in iran , free from reguler thinking in this area that think iranian revloution is only adding between two custom and modernity subject . The description of forming historical genuine pradigme and exact drawing from efforts this model to mix between others talking modernity literature flowing by description of peculiar and distinguished complied of this flowing , is new aspect of this utterance .

This article brings up a Positive & negative balancing trend as the most priority strategy in foreign relations of Iranian governments during the last five centuries. This strategy that is different from the positive & negative balancing structure and also differs from balance of Power, profoundly depends upon internal strong power. Having considered Iranian history in foreign relations, we posit that the most balancing trend in foreign relations were negative. One of the reasons of this negative balancing trend was lack of legitimate and acceptability of the Iranian governments. Upon this fundamental element of internal strong power, Islamic revolution in 1979 constructed a new form of state in Iran by which all Iranians can democratically participate in it. The revolution was occurred in a nation that was enjoying relatively good material wealth and prosperity, produced profound change at great speed, was massively popular, resulted in the exile of many Iranians, and replaced a pro-Western semi-absolute monarchy. Although the Islamic republic of Iran had many shortages and deficits in military and economy in 1980s, upon this element could push positive balancing trend during the war with Iraq, in particular, in the process of 598 UN resolutions. All the resolutions were issued in the times that the Islam militants gained some victories in the battlefields and the allies of Iraq tried to prevent the breakdown of Iraq army and also the final victory of Iran via the issue of these resolutions. A brief look at the text of the resolutions of UN concerning the war of Iraq against Iran shows this matter. This matter made the U.N. and its effective members to adjust the resolution 598 in that organization. This resolution did not meet the expectations of Iran, but it had the positive cases in comparison to the previous ones. This Article aims to compare balancing trend in the Iranian states during the last five centuries for understanding Iran's Revolution roll in Positive Balance trend in foreign relations.

One of the branches of international law,is humanitarian law. The purpose of humanitarian law protecting civilians and prisoners of war and respect for the bodies of those killed in the Civil War and international. One of the basic principles of humanitarian law, non-discrimination, the principle of separation, the principle of limitation that must during the war, the belligerent parties should be respected. Shortly after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iraq's eight-year war against Iran was facing. Humanitarian law in the ideas of Imam Khomeini (RA) What is the position? That is the question paper. This question is particularly important that Imam Khomeini was the ideologue and commander of Iranian society after the revolution architectures. He was the commander of the Iranian armed forces during the eight-year war. Our hypothesis is that humanitarian law in the political thought of Imam Khomeini is very important It is rooted in the principles of Islam. Imam Khomeini during his political life strictly to the principles of humanitarian law, and especially emphasized during the eight-year war. The research method is descriptive comparison is done by studying documents library. The main finding of this paper is that the idea of Islamic Revolution Leader humanitarian law independently of Western humanitarian law, there was practically applied in eight years of war.