پژوهشنامه انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1395)

Given the comprehensiveness of Islam in establishing life rules, optimal political system has been the Nodal Point in the discourse of political Islam. Among others, Imam Khomeini and Abula’la Maududi are significant theorists of such discourse who have focused on the optimum. They both lived in similar periods, experienced external Colonialism and internal Despotism, and thus, not surprisingly, their ideas revolved around the optimum in order to free the Islamic world. This paper assumes hypotheses that although their speculations were founded on two differing Islamic orientations of Shiite and Sunni, the crisis in the Islamic world converged their perspectives so that they set forth the same principles, and that a framework can be built which conforms to Religious democracy: they both strongly believe in the dominance of the divine rules; both accept public legitimacy and participation and stress the role of councils as the main approach in decision-making and structuring in Islamic system. In this study We Apply crisis theory For explore and compare , political ideas of Imam Khomeini and Abula’la Maududi in regard to form and content.

Futures Studies in the field of social¡ cultural¡ economic¡ political¡ science and technology attempts to expand rational decision making¡ comprehensive planning and conscious interaction with the chaotic and complex world of the future in accordance with the norms¡ beliefs and values ​​of each society. From past to present¡ human constructed patterns has made irreparable damages to societies. This challenge is clearly seeable in the field of technology policy documents. Getting help of religious beliefs¡ Islamic principles and futures studies approach are three pillars which toward us to influence to the Islamic world.
This study as a qualitative research¡ has shaped on deductive and inductive analysis approach. Iran technology policy documents has been chosen as a statistical population and because of the diversity¡ plurality and on the other hand¡ proper evaluation of critical studies on the field of information and communication technology we focused on ICT policy documents. Since policy making is reflection of society’s value¡ policy documents should use of beliefs and values of the society.
Technology policy making as a driver in developed countries is certainly no exception and should follow the values of the society. Therefore¡ research problem is defined lake of proper model based on values¡ religious¡ and forward thinking to expand it to other Islamic countries. Finally design of this model is goal of the research which has not been studied in this scale.

This article is composed of two parts: the first part analyzes the concept of "ideology" and has different meanings in political science and political thought is concerned. The ideology of the meanings listed in this section. The study pre-Khamenei is concerned that consists of two sub-periods: the pre-revolutionary period and the period thereafter.
Iran's Islamic Revolution was the product of religious ideology. Shiite clerics in this revolution by developing and strengthening religious ideology that especially after the serious participation had emerged, on 15 June 1342. In fact, after the suppression of religious forces in Iran 15 Khordad movement toward revolutionary ideas went. Having led them to achieve their goals and ideology of struggle saw the flaws in the lack of organization. They extended their ideology and distribution of media such as books and less from the pulpit and enjoyed supplies. They also teach the Quran and other religious circles, which includes classes and religious classes to be used for this purpose.
Including a revolutionary clerics during this period and were active in the development of politico-religious ideology of Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei had. He translated some books of Egyptian Islamists such as Sayyid Qutb in this period, in religious education classes, including the interpretation of the Koran to develop and promote religious ideology and revolution. Typical of this was a ceremony that was held in Ramadan 1353 and the debate it later as a book called "schematic Islamic Thought" was published. This ideology continued after the revolution, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, even at a mosque in Tehran University to teach "religious ideology" began.
This article tries to analyze the different meanings that the first analytical method Trmnvlvzhy concept of 'ideology' pay there. Second, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei details of political thought during the pre-revolutionary period and the first decade (before and during the presidential leadership) has studied. Thirdly, in this study the relationships of the ideology of the "movement" and "revolution" also will be discussed.

The role of Qom as producing source of religious knowledge in changes during contemporary period of Iran is significant. As this city has had religious background from the past, it has produced various literature in the realm of religious affairs that in one hand administrated interaction with state and on the other contrasted with it. In this trend, some of clergymen in Qom have adopted passive stand in the framework of traditionalist approach, the others adopted interactive stand in relation with Pahlavi regime and some of the others adopted contrastive stand with this regime through presenting new interpretation of religious statements. Regarding religious backgrounds of Qom, we have noticed development of two metanarratives in framework of this city. Traditionalist religious metanarrative and the other Islamic revolutionary-political metanarrative. Although at first traditionalist religious metanarrative was dominant in religious seminary field of Qom; but gradually we noticed hegemonic inclination of Islamic revolutionary-political narrative not only in political atmosphere of Qom but also in political atmosphere of Iran during Pahlavi period. The question in this study is that what are the reasons for inclination of traditionalist Islamic metanarrative to revolutionary-political Islam in thought atmosphere of Qom religious seminary? Authors based on Gideon’s structure finding theory believe that although social and political structure of second period of Pahlavi affected change of dominant approach in Qom religious seminary, but the main factor of this change is the significant role of religious clergymen as representatives of the religious seminary.

By the end of the war and the lack of success in the fields of military arrogance, aggression was extended to other fields. One of the areas that particularly in recent years has been accompanied by widespread attacks, "economic area" is. The Islamic Revolution itself obliged to innovation in the fields of theory and new economic modeling. The economy is in the face of resistance and opposition to the economy and consumer lowed by a country that is not passiv and the economic goals of domination, resistance, and trying to change the existing economic structures and localization is based on the ideology and goals.
This study aimed to investigate the social factors linked to the tendency of people to the culture of resistance economy in areas urban and rural areas is the Gilane Gharb, For the purpose of a study on the use of wide-sectional area, the wisdom and the time domain is a cross-sectional study. The research method used survey method of scrolling techniques, and tools for data collection questionnaire. The sample size in this study is 376 people.
Considering the strength of the economy of culture in the present study examined the association between the use of local media, social trust, religion, economic status - social, age, sex and marital status as independent variables and the trend of economic stability as the dependent variable was examined. The results showed that with the exception of changing economic base - social, there is a significant relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables.

Transformation of the con cept of state from Ab solute Mon archy to Const itutional Mona rchy and then Dic tatorial Mon archy resulted in Isla mic Repu blic by Imam Komeini (RAH) as the orisian of the concept.
based on state the ories , the resea rch is dealing w ith the questi on that what ty pe of sta te is the idealistic state from the view point of Imam Khom eini (RAH), in the light of “ concept ” ( mechanic al and o rganic ) , “ structure ” ( maxi mal and mi nimal ) and “ the ory ” (explan atory and pres criptive) .
Reg arding the qu estion , some o ther quest ions are also asked : what is th e concept of state? What is the nature and origin of state?
The main assumption of the r esearch is that the id ealist ic state in Imam Kho meini's political thought-despite distin ctions with the Western the ories of state- has some features of mechanical and organi c state, and also has so me features of prescriptive and exp lanatory states and his viewpoint of st ate structura lly is supervisory and coo perative states .
Transformation of the con cept of state in Europe initiated from th e liberal states and resulted in liberal democracy in the age of g lobalization . Based on the trend, transformation of state in the con tempor aryy Iran has been investiga ted. In the Islamic Rep ublic of Iran, the co ncept of democracy c ombined with the Islamic concepts by Ima m Khomeini as the founder of the Islamic Republic . After the dea th of Imam, the theory of Islamic state was theoretically challen ged by the governing bo dy of Iran .

Having clarified the harms of the exploitative culture afflicting the universities, Imam Khomeini paved the road for contemplating on the idea of the improvement of the universities dominant culture and obtainment of the Islamic University. Accordingly, the present study sets to clarify the strategic missions of the Islamic University in the revolution of exploitative culture from Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint. The research design is basically descriptive and analytical library research in nature. For the study purpose, domestic and foreign resources and the 22 volume “Sahifeye- Emam” text in particular are studied and the findings are analyzed. Based on the findings, the four factors of humanization, obliged and specialized human resources education, the unity of the University and “Hoozeh”, and the independence of the country from foreign countries and its sovereignty are viewed by Imam Khmeini as the strategic missions of the Islamic University in the revolution of exploitative culture. Having clarified the harms of the exploitative culture afflicting the universities, Imam Khomeini paved the road for contemplating on the idea of the improvement of the universities dominant culture and obtainment of the Islamic University. Accordingly, the present study sets to clarify the strategic missions of the Islamic University in the revolution of exploitative culture from Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint. The research design is basically descriptive and analytical library research in nature. For the study purpose, domestic and foreign resources and the 22 volume “Sahifeye- Emam” text in particular are studied and the findings are analyzed. Based on the findings, the four factors of humanization, obliged and specialized human resources education, the unity of the University and “Hoozeh”, and the independence of the country from foreign countries and its sovereignty are viewed by Imam Khmeini as the strategic missions of the Islamic University in the revolution of exploitative culture.

It is near seventy years that the question of Palestine and its occupation by the Zionists has drawn attentions in Iran. Since the establishment of the Zionist regime in Palestine, many Iranian politicians, intellectuals and even common people with various political backgrounds have paid attention to this question and have shaped several discourses in this regard. Supporting the Palestinian cause and rejection of Israel has hold an important place in the Islamic revolutionary discourses in Iran during 1960s and 1970s, and in the post-revolution era has emerged as one of the identity pillars for the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy. Using “Discourse Analysis” as a method and theory, this research intends to study the Palestine-concerned elements in the Islamic Revolutionary discourse and examine their continuation and evolution under the current Islamic Republic’s discourse. To this end, the discursive elements related to Palestine in the broader discourses of three important political activists and intellectuals of pre-revolution era (Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari, Dr. Ali Shariati, and Jalal Al-e Ahmad) will be exploited and categorized. Each of these figures highlighted one aspect of supporting Palestine and rejection of Israel on the basis of Islamism, justice-seeking, and anti-colonialism. Then the continuation and articulation of these elements under the Islamic Republic will be examined by reading through Ayatollah Khamenei’s discourse. The study comes to the conclusion that not only the discussed elements have been reproduced and reinforced throughout four past decades, but some new elements have also been added to them and together, they have shaped a comprehensive “anti-Israeli” discourse under the Islamic Republic. These new elements include rejection of the so-called “Peace Process” between Israel and Palestinian Authority, supporting the “resistance axis” in the region, and proposing a referendum for creation of a unified Palestine as the sole political solution to the ongoing crisis. Ayatollah Khamenei’s “anti-Israeli” discourse is also based on two nodal points: Israel as the first and foremost adversary of the Islamic Republic, and annihilation of Zionism and liberation of the whole land of Palestine as desirable destination.