فصلنامه پدافند غیرعامل
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 12، زمستان 1391)

Web services technology provide a method for developing distributed applications by using simple and defined interfaces. However, ensuring that Web services are reliable, and are able to meet the demands of its customers, has become a challenge for Web services. Service failure or restoring false results in Web services, may have numerous consequences. Therefore dependability of Web services in passive defense is considered as very important. In this article, a brief definition of components web services is given. Then a general classification of fault in Web Services and different methods of fault tolerance in Web services is provided. Finally, a few of the dependability of web services architectures including a multi-layer architecture for intrusion tolerant web services architecture and FTWeb architecture are also investigated.

It is very difficult to identify and detect of biological agents than other unconventional threats. There are several disadvantages with current diagnostic methods and it is not possible to reach definite and certain results using only one method. Different countries have focused on genome detection methods and they are looking for new diagnostic methods to overcome the existing challenges. One of the methods used for the detection of biological agents and at present comprehensive studies and research are done in this field is employing nano-biosensor technology. The nanobiosensore is one of the recent advances in the science of biotechnology and it seems that in recent years many studies have been done in this field. The nanobiosensors are very accurate measurement sensitive and specific systems. The nanobiosensors have the features that by using its properties and characteristics of their biological material can detect a compound or group of similar compounds and interact with them and the results are reported as an electrical message. This message has always low proportion with the diagnosed compound density. These tools are efficient in a wide range of analytical applications including medical diagnostic and laboratory sciences, environmental controls, industrial process control and finally the safety and defensive warning systems. In this study, we focused on the newly developed DNA nanobiosensors that were made in different classes and modified electrode surfaces using impedance spectroscopy technique as a diagnostic tool and nanobiosensores technology for the detection of biological agents based on DNA hybridization as the target and electrochemical methods as a diagnostic tool, will also be studied.

What has been done in this study is preparing and editing procedures, implications and considerations to design NBC field hospitals both mobile and fixed ones from passive defense perspective. The design and construction studies of these medical centers play an important role in defensive support of a country's health and treatment domains in critical situations and a large number of these treatment centers are considered as sensitive and important centers. Studying the developmental trend of such centers during the Eight-Year Holy War and other wars shows that these centers are directly and indirectly targeted by natural and man-made threats, both conventional and unconventional ones. Therefore, editing procedures and considerations for architectural design and site location of NBC field hospitals from passive defense perspective is indispensable and is the aim of this study. The present study which is of applied and scientific type, makes use of field library studies and questionnaires to gather data and the data analysis method employs a descriptive analytical method. Here is the general trend of this study: after the study design which consists of definition and objectives of the subject, subject history, questions and the domain of the subject, the type and the study methods are expressed. Then using the questionnaires, the determined criteria for the design of a safe field hospital are described. Afterwards, the results of the questionnaires will be utilized to achieve the desired design. Subsequently, an analysis is conducted and the general considerations of a field hospital will be discussed. Then the objectives of passive defense regarding an NBC field hospital will also be described and the history of establishing different field hospitals during the Holy War will follow and after discussing the principles of architecture from passive defense perspective in designing safe locations, the elements of safe field hospitals against unconventional threats will also be explained and in the end, applied samples of a safe field hospital will be presented. We hope that this study can provide vast case and subject approaches for subsequent future studies.

Vulnerability mitigation of war planes against modern sensor threats is implemented by reducing their physical signatures. This measure, as an inherent camouflage, is one of the important principles of passive defense and is emphasized in field of stealth technology of military platforms. In this essay, the changing effect of geometry of aircraft exhaust nozzle on the rapid cooling of ignition product released in the atmosphere to suppress IR signature has been put on high interest. The plume IR signature is investigated and to estimate its radiation rate, the FLUENT software is used. In this regard, the plume flow field for two convergent nozzles with different geometries was simulated with this software and geometry effects on plume temperature distribution was observed. The simulation result shows that the temperature of the hot plume core, for plane and notched nozzle respectively about 900° and 840° degrees Kelvin is obtained. Result of this research compared with the experimental results, was satisfactory and shows that the plume cools faster in a notched nozzle.

Nowadays, there is a large amount of information on the web and a significant portion of this amount of information has been appeared in the form of XML. One of the main advantages of using XML is to show the non-structured data which presents many capabilities for users. Being Non- Structured and the flexibility of XML make it a common method for use and a notable procedure in the security of databases. Therefore, security at XML documents is an important requirement. Data stored at any format must be protected from any possible attack. In order to prevent from such attacks, various methods and models have been designed and implemented. These models are based on different methods that are applied in various data bases. One of the most important models is the access control model. In this paper, the access control models for XML documents have been investigated and compared.

The present research is intended to analyze the necessity of temporary housing of victims after a disaster with passive defense viewpoint in consistent with providing shelters for the homeless and the method of accommodating the victims after a crisis. In this regard, Officials and executives in our country face many man-made and natural disasters. The loss of homes due to war, earthquakes and other natural disasters is always one of the most important problems throughout history have been considered as social, cultural, economic and political problems. These problems have appeared in various ways and major burden is usually on the shoulders of ordinary people in such a way that due to fear, insecurity and lack of planning the provision of appropriate habitats after war or earthquakes, people are forced to leave their destroyed houses or stay beside their ruined homes in case of proper security. In this research, the region one of Tehran is considered as case study and the necessity of temporary housing after the crisis of modern warfare has been evaluated with passive defense approach.

In this research, Zeolite NaY was synthesized by hydrothermal method and then, by using ionexchange method, silver ions were capsulated in the pores of Zeolite NaY. The morphology and the structure of samples have been identified and characterized via SEM/EDAX, XRD, FTIR and AAS techniques. The decontamination reaction of 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (2-CEPS) has been investigated by zeolite Ag-NaY catalyst using the GC method. The analytical results of GC show that this zeolite can absorb about %76 2-CEPS after 24 hours (with a ratio of 1:20) at ambient temperature. The rate constant and half life reaction were calculated 4.125×10+4 s, 1.6 ×10-5 s-1 respectively. It is evident that pseudo- active mustard decontamination as an important objective in passive defense has been studied.