فصلنامه پدافند غیرعامل
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 23، پاییز 1394)

Municipal shelters in architectural design, architectural design is one of the key factors in determining Things like that should be the goal of making the enemy to invade the sanctuary and spending And the overlap of these two methods to assess the cost-benefit ratio. This article refers to public shelters, shelters civilians in cities according to the type and location and type of threat perceived, can have different degrees of protection. Due to the lack of public shelters currently exist with regard to the principles of passive defense And The lack of this type of shelters as a cohesive design requirements according to new threats, and the need to address this issue and defend civilians And citizens in time of war, to the extent possible, the discussions, the question that arises is that the requirements of the design of public shelters.

Nowadays cities benefit from two geographical (natural environments, social and economical) and artificial(man-made environments, and architecture)symbols. Mankind has always been trying to change these two symbols for the sake of his daily activities or earning his life and establishing a dwelling both as an interest and as a shelter. During this process green areas, jungles, and gardens have been changed in to skyscrapers and buildings. Replaced for attractive views of nature. Today’s citizens have a sad feeling while they see that they have fallen far from the beauties and quietness of nature.To solve this problem, industrialists have developed the green roof technology. Urban planners and architects use it as ‘back to nature’ process.Green roof is a method to convert the rough, dry, and coldparts of the city in to green spots.Besides green roofs can create micro- climatic zones which reduce pollution and improve the living conditions of the citizens.In this study, the method of "descriptive content analysis" is used, in order to collect information from the Internet and library studies and field methods, such as questionnaires, interviews, and find help, due to the nature of research that is of the type of application, as well as with regard to the issue of research in order to better communication with experts, consider using khi Do(X2)Technique. Application of the results of the use of passive defense operating considerations in green spaces in the city take advantage of herbal elements in Secretion, camouflage and deception plans; the use of green space in designing of urban settlement; To ensachieve these results and decrease the vulnerability and increase the sustainability of the city to achieve multi purposes of passive defense.

Graphite bombs are one of the major threats of the electricity network. These bombs are able to create short circuits on the network. Maybe the most troublesome of these threats is bus elimination from the system. To simulate this problem first of all, electric stations were excluded from the system in Azerbaijan network one by one to identify the station that’s absence led to maximum line density in the system. Secondly congestion management is implemented by Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) and Phase-Shifting Transformer (PST) that are types of FACTS devices. Due to locate the devices, used ABC and CFA-PSO algorithms. Simulation results shows the effectiveness of presented method.

One of the ways for reduction the effects of blast wave in tunnel lead to an underground structure is using from blast wave trap. In this paper discussed about the effect of angle's blast wave trap on reducing overpressure entered in main row of tunnel. In this regard, propagation's blast wave of bombs with different weights simulated in distance 1 meter from entrance tunnels with blast wave trap with angle 45,90,135 degrees. simulation of this regard have been done by numerical autodyn software. According to rate of overpressure intered in the place of the bend and overpressure have been obtained for main way ofter bend, percent of increase of preesure obtained. the result of study present that, with increasing angle's blast wave trap, percent of decrease preesure will be biger and its rate depend on overpressure intered in tunnel before bend.

By increasing progress of geotechnical studies, improvement of mechanical properties of soils to make them able enough for civil and geotechnical projects demands new materials.Tiny wastes of rubber factory could be regarded as a proposal. Having importance of military roads in providing access to the special positions and facilitating transmission of equipment on one hand, and frequent gravely and sandy soils sometimes with clay in most areas special in coastal areas on the other hand, improvement necessity of this types of soil as sub-base of military roads, would be more outstanding. This study specifically deals with investigation of geotechnical properties of northern coastal lands of Iran at first, to assess gender of soil layer and also evaluate physical and mechanical parameters of soil by investigating geotechnical characteristics and general characteristics that affect regional geotechnic. By the way, the stratum and soil type of layers of the study area, groundwater condition, physical and mechanical characteristics and also their range of variability were investigated. Field studies and exploratory boreholes in the northern coastal strip of Iran showed that dominant soil types of the study area are sand and gravel occasionally with clay, and different kinds of sand are widely available in shallow depths which are significant as sub-base of military roads. These all indicate the importance of improvement and reinforcement of sandy soil. Polymer fibers which are tiny wastes of rubber factory were utilized as additional material to reinforce the soil in the study and stress-strain behavior, shear strength, plasticity and elasticity modulus of the mixed reinforced soil and accordingly improvement of military roads sub-base were investigated. Regarding to find the best weight percent of fibers in the soil to eventuate the most shear strength, plasticity and elasticity modulus of fiber-reinforced soil, results of direct shear test, CBR and teri-axial test were analyzed and consequently the important conclusions and achievements of noteworthy additional reinforcing materials in soil improvement were categorized and presented. Reinforcing sand by fibers, increase shear strength and plasticity of coarse and well-graded sand but in fine sand this increment were kept on only up to 3% of additional fibers and further amount of fibers led to decrease shear strength and plasticity. Also the results indicate that adding fibers would increase dilatancy and create cohesion in sand. According to CBR test results well-graded sand showed better operation than coarse and fine sand by reinforcing with fibers.

Social network analysis mechanism for strategy and approach to deal with the devastating social networks that have a lot of cultural invasion. The purpose of cultural invasion, control, decision making, and changes in the way information is of value, so that economic and political domination of the country to be aggressive. Today, social networks are the most important tool the enemy in this regard. Social network analysis of static and dynamic methods are used.ways of dealing with threats and taking advantage of opportunities on social networks using centralized analysis expressed.

Security dangers to infrastructure and resources of electricity energy frequently as a source of concern on international issues listed so identify terrorist threats on this area is important. This paper with simulates a power generation system consisting of two interconnected networks focused onto potential threats in the field of security like terrorist attacks to electricity energy infrastructure such as plants and benefiting from renewable resources and capacitor appropriate placement try in passive defense surface promotion on the field of electricity. In this system different scenarios attack to generators and using of renewable sources and capacitor have been investigated. Capacitor placement reduces losses and voltage drop and therefore causes lower energy costs and increased reliability becomes.