فصلنامه پدافند غیرعامل
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، تابستان 1395)

Considering the increasing threats and hostilities against our country, there is a great importance to design and build the basically status for model tests in the field of passive defense in wind tunnel with high attack angles and wide oscillations. In this regard, a mechanical test hardware is manufactured, which can provide the reciprocating pitch motion for wall model tests in a wind tunnel. This mechanism is manufactured to handle static and dynamic tests. At the dynamic mode, the mechanism can provide a verity of oscillation with the amplitude of ±6 degrees and the frequency up to 10 Hz, also it is capable to let the model have a high attack angle in dynamic or static tests. In this paper, after the introducing the dynamic pitching tests, the applications of a walled pitching test mechanism is presented. In the following the equations of motions are derived and some manufacturing process issues are discussed. Finally according to the experimental tests of a standard model (NACA0012) with an attach angle of 2 and 3 degrees at flow speed of 0.6 to 1.6 Mach and mentioned amplitudes and frequency , the results are presented in curve figures and are compared with the theoretical derived equations and real sine curves. The perusing of the resulted plots indicates the well adaptation of curves and high performance of the mechanism.

The Graphite Bomb (GB) is one of the military applications of graphite fiber and the power system substations are the critical locations to do this attack. By throwing a GB on a substation, severe short circuit faults and simultaneous lines outages will be very probable which endanger power system stability. With the assumption of graphite attack detection, the purpose of this study is proposing a remedial scheme to reduce the GB damages and to increase the power system dynamic stability consequently. In other words the lines breakers should open by a predetermined plan, before hitting the GB to the substation. To achieve this goal, two issues have been considered, including: the lines outages priority and the time interval between outages. The static index of average rate of change of the line active power and the dynamic index of the first swing of generators used respectively to solve the issues. The proposed scheme performance has been evaluated on the IEEE 39-bus test system and the results show its effectiveness to improve power system dynamic stability.

With the probability of offensive military threats in Iran, the need for design and construction of structures which can be capable of any threats and the development of safe structures for people living in metropolitan cities in a necessity and inevitable. The design of Ahvaz Metro system with the capabilities of criterion and index has a very high potential for meeting the needs of a large urban safe structure for a large number of people especially those located in the city center. In order to reach this goal, the necessity in the use of the more update research knowledge and with preventive measures, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the enemy’s threats. By implementing the criteria and instructive passive defensive measures in the different stages of design to operation especially in the civil engineering area can be regarded as the most effective step in reaching the standards. But as the first line of Ahvaz metro in under construction, the need for decreasing the threats for the city of Ahvaz located near to borders with neighboring countries is a necessity for structure evaluation and analysis of the entire line in the construction process and prior to the operation level of the project. As there is a lack of efficient criteria or instructions on passive defensive measure for the structures under construction, this research aims to evaluate and analyze the existing design criteria and instruction of passive defensive rules with the design criteria of the Ahvaz Metro for all types of explosives on the structure of the first line in order to reach the possibility of safe point for people using the metro line. The research analysis indicates that the design of the first line does not have the potential for a safe space in the case of danger due to air or ground explosions.

Increasingly developing of the human civilization throughout the world will effect on human life mode in future. The sphere population is increasing and the nations are searching for the best life standards, and the earth must supply more food, energy and mineral reservoirs to support the increasingly crowd. Underground spaces play a basis role in safe keeping the national assets and currently, it is considered as the most attractive and safest option to use. The advantages of such spaces are high security, low keeping costs, low energy-consuming, high degree of control and prevention from biological impacts. according to these characteristics, these spaces are more effective than other spaces. Therefore, using specially the passive defense approaches for many of these spaces can make them very safe and they will be the powerful and secure cases in dangerous and threatening conditions.In this study, at first the overall identification and assessment of underground spaces was represented and then it has addressed the principles of architecture design underground spaces with the presentation of applied patterns in some sectors such as, designing entrances and external view, Locating and organizing spaces, Interior design, Lighting system, safety and security in different condition. Architectural design of every underground space due to its situation like slope of the surface, the surface being trapped underground space and high density construction on the ground, and the type of operation, such as business, sports, military and ..., is done specifically; which considering design goals and the presented patterns help to better exploit it and it will be fewer problems faced by farmers from the functional point of view.

Architects as one of the most influential members of the design team is required to present their plans to the various aspects affecting their attention. According to the project's sustainability over the life of the building and architectural design considerations to reduce the vulnerability of buildings and man-made threats regarding the status of our country will be necessary. In this regard, after the introduction of administrative buildings and categorize them as well as the introduction of a layered defense model to identify threats to office buildings to be explored. Terrorist threats, air strikes and disturbances were identified the main threats to these buildings. Then, SMART method to weighted indices by utility solution that dealt with the effectiveness of the index with the largest weight to dedicate 0.3. Then, using the SAW method to prioritize the layers examined the first layer (outer layer) with a weight of 0.38 is of the utmost importance. In the end, to provide solutions to reduce the vulnerability discussed.

In recent years, Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) is taking images at different frequencies and resolutions. In this paper, we tried to present a statistical description of military and strategic places using online TerraSAR-X archive. The South West Asia has witnessed many wars in recent years, so this region was selected as the case study. TerraSAR-X has taken image from most of the military and strategic places, for example, missile and nuclear centrals, cities at war, airports, military airbases, dams, seaports, and many other places. Studying the sequence of imaging can help the related organizations to plan about Passive Defense.

Historically, Iran due to its specific political and geographical Political situation, Has witnessed suffering many natural and unnatural disasters. Hence, the practical and theoretical situation of passive defense against the crisis is very important in this extent. When an unexpected event occur, it will prevent the severe destruction of urban communities,if the positioning of new urban projects will be done using passive defense. Among the most important centers Disaster Management Support Centers is to provide operational and tactical fields, order to achieve prevention, preparedness and response in different crises. One of the notable instance before building Centers, survey and selection of appropriate location to establish the type of landuse. Thus, in this study, we attempted to localization of these Centers with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System using the principles of passive defense in Tabriz. Finally, the raster maps were prepared to determining the preference of each location for the construction of these base. The purpose of locating are reducing vulnerability of Tabriz disaster management support centers of the crisis management against natural and abnormal hazards and preservation of effectiveness of these centers in Critical situations. Due to the time consuming process of localization, the extent of information and disability to use simultaneously all the factors affecting the localization, using of AHP method is one of the most comprehensive and easiest ways to locating of these bases. Finally, a raster plan is prepared that determine the Most appropriate and most risky areas to build this centers in metropolis of Tabriz, according to the principles of passive defense.