نشریه پژوهش در مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

Ackerman (1988) states intelligence and motor ability as the two important abilities in three learning stages (cognitive, motor and autonomic) of Fitts and Posner. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the relationship between Intelligence Quotient (IQ), motor fitness and anthropometric characteristics with basic basketball skills learning stages. The population includes all seven-to-eleven-year-old boys of Aleshtar city, 1054, 60 of whom were selected using random cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included Rion’s IQ inventory, standard tests of motor fitness, and basketball skill tests of Ifred. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. Correlation between IQ and performance basic skills of basketball in cognitive stage of learning was significant and its peak. This correlation in motor and autonomic stages was also significant but decreased. On the other hand, the correlation of motor fitness and anthropometric characteristics with performance basic skills of basketball was low but still significant in cognitive and motor stages. This correlation reached its peak in autonomic stage. Motor fitness and anthropometric characteristics are more important in autonomic stage and IQ is more important in motor fitness in cognitive stages of learning shooting, passing and dribbling skills in basketball.

The present study examined the effectiveness of distal versus proximal external foci of attentions a function of performers’ preferences for a certain focus. dart throwing task were used, and participants (N=20) were instructed to direct their attention either to the target (distal focus) or the flight of the dart (proximal focus). Participants were asked to select their preferred focus after one trial under each focus condition without knowledge of results. Subsequently, all participants performed two 24-trial blocks, one under each condition, with focus order (preferred first vs non-preferred)counterbalanced. Degree of significance was regarded as p

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of attentional focus on accuracy, effectiveness, and perception of the performance in volleyball jump serve of professional players. 12 professional volleyball players completed a 4 blocks of 8 trail (4 for accuracy, and 4 for effectiveness) of jump serve in four experimental conditions (Non-Instruction, Internal focus on hand movement, Near external focus on ball, and Far external focus on target zone or player). The data of accuracy, effectiveness, and self-perception of the performance was acquired by pointed target areas, analyzing volleyball serve effectiveness method, and selfrated manipulative check, respectively. Results of ANOVA with repeated measures showed that accuracy scores, effectiveness, and self-perception of the performance in far external condition was better than near external and internal conditions. In addition, the significant differences between non-instructional and far external conditions were observed only in self-perception of the performance. On the whole, these results confirmed recent findings regarding the detrimental effects of internal focus of attention and the facilitative effects of external focus of attention on skilled performance, especially far external focus.

The purpose of this research was comparing the effectiveness of drug therapy,motion-perceptual exercises and their combination on attentive function in children between 6 to 12 years old with attention- hyperactivity disorder. In this Semi-empirical study, three groups were selected including 12 girls and boys (6- 12 years old) with attention/hyperactivity disorde. To collect data Conners Parents Rating Scale, CBCL, Continious performance test, and Bruninks – Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency were used. The selected motion program included motion-perceptual exercises and was implemented over 18 sessions within 6 weeks and the selected metions, Ritalinica & Respridoon, were prescribed. With 95% confidence level, there was significant difference in components of Continues Performance test (attention deficit, impulsivity and reaction time) before and after implementing motion-perceptual exercises. Data analysis using ANOVA to evaluate the effectiveness of each method and subjects ANOVA to test the difference between mean scores of subjects in the Subcomponents continuous performance test for comparison of various methods was used in treatment. There were no significant differences in all components of CPT test in cdifferent methods and. The results showed no significant differences with 95% confidence level between effectiveness of drug therapy groups, motionperceptual exercises and combination method and it was confirmed that the effectiveness of methods (attention deficit, impulsivity and reaction time) is similar to the other.

Nationalism in consumption is a form of economic of nationalism that forms consumer beliefs about appropriate or actually morality of goods purchasing and it has been the subject of many investigations. In this study, According to Krejcie & Morgan chart, 278 cases were selected a mong among 965 undergraduate physical education students of Tehran and karaj selected Universities as a research samples. The measuring tools included CETSCALE of shimp & sharma(1987) and Questionnaire of Hoseinzade(1386) , its Reliability was achieved 0/841. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics including spearman coorelation and Mann-Whitney test in SPSS with p

The purpose of present study was to standardize the measurement tool of beliefs in advertising through sport. Following the permit was taken from the owner of the questionnaire (Pyun, 2006), questionnaire by the three-stage translation method and introductory study performed. Population of the study was all the spectators that attended in the Azadi Stadium, 342 samples were selected randomly. 27 items were included in the questionnaire with seven components (being economic, product information, falsity, materialism, social image and role, annoying, pleasure). Questions were analyzed by the 5-likert scale. To determine the formal and content validity of the tool, viewpoints of experts in sport marketing were used. To determine the structure validity of the tool, CFA was applied by using LISREL package. Analysis of the structure validity of the tool showed that items of the questionnaire had an appropriate factor load. The results showed that the indices of the model had an appropriate goodness of fit2.45¬df=/2x, RMSEA=0.065, GFI=0.94, AGFI= 0.95 approved the indexes. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of the reliability of the seven components were between 0.70 to 0.730.Given the confirmation of relevant tool in this study; other researchers can use this tool to measure the customers’ belief advertisement through sport.

Today, the brand's customer loyalty is key to business success, many companies try to increase loyalty among customers to expand their brand. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the loyalty of purchase decision makers of the clubs and football players to sports apparel brand in the eleventh round of the Premier League. Methodology of this research was surveying and population of this research formed as sports apparel purchase decision makers in the Premier League football clubs of Iran(the director and deputy director of the club, and the head coach and team coaches N=90)and the players who participated in the eleventh round of Premier League football (463= N).The study sample included 60 individuals purchasing decision makers in clubs and 263 people of Premier League football players of Iran. Questionnaire data collection tool for brand loyalty was Wong Foong and yahyah (2008) with reliability of (α=0.82). Face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified by masters of sport marketing and confirmed by sport management. To analyse data Kolmogorov Smirnov test, ANOVA (analysis of variance) with repeated measures, a comparison Bunfrony test and independent t-tests at a significance level of 0.05 was conducted with spss19 software were used. The results showed that the factors of the product quality, model and brand of sports was more effective than other factors in loyaltyofsportsapparel brand and factors of service quality and price perspective, No significant difference between group of purchasing decision makers and players in the Premier League football clubs of Iran were found. Therefore, program managers sports apparel industry planners should try to create or modify models to increase brand loyalty and products quality and using innovative strategies of develop and promote service quality and pricing to expand their brand through customers. Moreover provide basis increasing rate of customers loyalty and thus provide the long-term interests of their business.

The essence of science is to build comprehensives model rather than scattered data, because the data in form of modeles can be discovered, explained and interpreted. The lack of reliable models in sport, and in particular, sport for all, encouraged the researcher to achieve a model for sport for all in Iran.The aim of the present study is to propose a model to measure and analyze the sport for all in Iran. For this purpose, a 66 questions questionnaire was used based on model of sport for all in Iran.The samples were selected among the Iranian sport administrates using stratified random sampling method. 320 questionnaires were collected.The Chi-square value of the model, RMSEM and goodness of fit index (GFI) was 385.76, 0.082 and 0.95, respectively. The adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) for the degrees of freedom was equal to 0.94. These values indicate a good fitting of the model. This model is a simplified representation of the sport for all which shows the basic constructs of sport for all in Iran.The process of sport for all in Iran can be analyzed by using the present model. It is also possible to find a new classification in sport for all.

The purpose of this study is to indendiey the situation expression of the sport tourism marketing indexes from sport and tourism expert’s view in west Azerbaijan province.This study is descriptive- analytical and field methods. Research statistical population is expert members of tourism organization (n=39) and expert members of physical education general offices (n=45). Research tools is sport marketing tourism indexes Questionnaire Bidokhti and Nazari (2009) with reliability of (α= 0. 82). Validity was confirmed by sport management experts’ view. For comparison of existence and ideal situation, Wilcox test used. Also for component mean comparison with mean of the spectrum one-sample t-test and for precedence of the indexes was used from Friedman test (p≤0.05) were used. The results showed that, between the current and ideal situation in massive investment country modification, development of infrastructure, attention to tourism attractions, promotion activities and regulation of guidelines based on distribute attractions, there are significant differences and in all cases, the existence situation mean is less than ideal situation. This means that the mentioned indicators are not empowered in the existing situation and need to be reviewed, that achieve to their optimum condition. based on results, the managers don’t use from marketing indexes mentioned as a way of sports tourism marketing, while indicate that the use of these methods, are the reasons for development of sports tourism marketing. The result of this factor is: create of positive station in the sport tourist minds, and at last these industries develop in western Azerbaijan province, and increase tourism market share.

The purpose of this study was to investigation of Motivation Role on Team Identity of Football Fans in Sistan and Baluchestan University. This study is descriptive and correlational one. Statistical population included all students and Staff of Sistan and Baluchestan University in the academic year of 2012-2013. Since the size of the statistical population was over 10,000 people, Based on Sample Table of Morgan, Sample size was determined 384 people. For data collection, Trail and Jame's team identity questionnaire (2001) and Gao et,al and motivation questionnaire (2009) were used. Validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by professors of physical education for reliability of questionnaires used, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively were 0.94 and 0.88. Data were analyzed by inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results showed that motivation fans have significant correlation with their team's identity (r =0.68). Also, except variable escape (escape from boredom), other variables (social interaction, entertainment, team affiliation, achievement and family) were able to be the significant predictor of team identify. Entertainment with beta (β= 0.514) was a stronger predictor for team identity.

One of the approaches towards increasing income and economic development for clubs in countries recognized for their football is registering these clubs as commercial enterprises like other commercial companies and organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study is designing effective commercialization mechanisms for football clubs in Iran. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted, and detailed interviews with 31 experts who were aware of this subject were done. Findings from interview analysis led to two conceptual models of progress path of football clubs and their commercialization mechanisms. Commercialization model is based on four principal major relationships consisting of appropriate sport relationship, appropriate economic relationship, appropriate sport- economic relationship and relationship that exists in Iranian football now, as well as13 micro and detailed relationships. The findings showed that government was the main obstacle on the way towards commercialization of football clubs. The other results showed that many experts were not optimistic about the existing condition.